高中英语语法动词不定式

高中英语语法动词不定式高中英语语法动词不定式Grammar 一一动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式由动词不定式由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成，构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等语、状语、补足语等,但但不能作谓语不能作谓语。动动词词不不定定式式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补作主语作主语Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2.放弃吸烟是对的。放弃吸烟是对的。作宾语作宾语Fred didnt have any money,so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2.他答应不告述任何人这事。他答应不告述任何人这事。afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,guarantee,hate,help,hope,hurry,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promiserefuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wishThe following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive.Remember!The following verbs are normally followed by v-ing.avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,understand,canthelpRememberthem!作表语作表语MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英语。我的工作是教英语。2.眼见为实。眼见为实。作定语作定语Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1.你有什么要说的吗你有什么要说的吗?2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人是第一个知道这真相的人 BettywasthefirsttoknowthetruthItseemsthathehasnopen_.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith注意如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词其后应加上必要的介词Eg.Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith.不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作。I have a lot of work to do.The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.注意作状语作状语Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Imtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的状语目的状语.原因状语原因状语.结果状语结果状语目的状语目的状语:常用的结构常用的结构todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/suchastodo,etc.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.结果状语结果状语:常与常与only,enough或或too连用。连用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.原因状语原因状语:一般用在句尾一般用在句尾Imgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight.作宾补作宾补She asked me to stay there.1.她叫我呆在这儿。她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。给你们。Please allow me to introduce Mr.White to you.1)带带to的不定式作的不定式作宾补宾补。很多动词如。很多动词如:allow,order,force,permit,tell,want,wish,forbid,advise,persuade,warn等等后面作后面作宾补宾补的不定式的不定式都带都带to。如如:Hedidntallowustosmokeinhishouse.他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。2)不带不带to的不定式的不定式作宾补作宾补。使役动词。使役动词make,have,let;感官动词感官动词see,watch,observe,hear,listento,notice等后面等后面作宾补的不定作宾补的不定式不带式不带to。如如:Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybodylaugh.他做了一个鬼脸他做了一个鬼脸,逗得大家都笑了。逗得大家都笑了。如果上述结构变为被动语态如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时第此时第2 2类动词类动词(let,have无被动语态无被动语态)后后原来不带原来不带toto的不定式要加的不定式要加to。如如:Isawhimgoupstairs.Hewasseentogoupstairs.有人看见他上楼去了。有人看见他上楼去了。Becareful!注意注意 :动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态1.Heseemstoknowthis.2.Ihopetoseeyounextweek.一般式一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）表示的动作（状态）与句子谓语的动作与句子谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。发生，或之后发生。.进行式进行式(tobedoing)1.HepretendedtobeworkingwhenIcamein.2.Heseemstobethinkingdeeply,withoutnoticingmepassinghim.表示谓语表示的动作表示谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正定式所表示的动作正在进行。在进行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态.完成式（完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.不定式的动作不定式的动作发生在谓语表发生在谓语表示的动作之前。示的动作之前。动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.主动式主动式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.2.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdidntknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.C.madeD.tomake当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时动作的执行者时.动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.被动式被动式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidntliketobelaughedat.2.Heclaimed_inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyB.C.tobetreatedbadlyD.tohavebeenbadlytreated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时的动作的承受者时.注意注意A.动词不定式的否定式只须在动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.否定副词否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly 等要置于等要置于to前前Mymothertoldmenevertodoitagain.注意注意B.动词不定式之后可加动词不定式之后可加疑问词，疑问词，通常做主语，宾语通常做主语，宾语。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?注意注意C.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去动词不定式常常省去to后面后面的动词，只的动词，只保留保留to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,Idloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。1.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff2.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.CleanedD.beingcleaned练习练习3.Noteverybodyhastheabilityinpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak4.Maryisalwaysthefirststudenttoanswertheteachersquestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen5.Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?-_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting6.Wouldyoubesokindasusout?-Withpleasure.A.helpingB.inhelpingC.helpD.tohelp7Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating8.Weagreed_here,butsofarshehasntturnedoutyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning10.Wetumbrellasarenotallowedintothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking 11.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdidntknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying高考链接高考链接1.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.(20082008全国全国I I卷卷)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathing D.beingbreathedB 2.Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷北京卷)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding3.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷北京卷)A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomedA C 4._theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(2008湖南卷湖南卷)A.CompletingB.CompleteC.CompletedD.Tocomplete5.Ifthereisalotofwork_,Imhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.(2008上海卷上海卷)A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doingDA 6.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_foraspaceflight.(07江西卷江西卷)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained7.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.(07浙江卷浙江卷)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheardD A Translation1.Iforgottoaskyoutogotothecommunityservicecentre.2.Itisveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.3.Idontknowwheretofindsuchakindofbutton.4.Luckily,wedonthavemuchmoreworktodo.5.Helenisverypleasedtohavebeentomorethan20provincesandcitiesinChina.6.Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhavesomechildren.