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动词类单词、词组辨析 1. accept， receive【辨析】 receive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”，而 accept 则指主动地“接受”。 注意：receive也可表“接受”，如：receive/get a better education，意为“接受更好的教育”。 【举例】 We havent received his letter for a long time. 我们很久没有收到他的来信了。 She offered him a lift and he accepted (it). 她请他坐她的车，他领情了。 【演练】( )1. On my twentieth birthday I _ several gifts. A. get B. accepted C. received D. took( )2. He couldnt _ our suggestions but our gifts. A. accept B. receive C. accepted D. expectedCA ( )3. He did not _ a good education at university. A. accept B. receive C. received D. got( )4. She _ his present， but she didnt _ it. A. accepted; receive B. received; accept C. receives; accept D. accepts; receivedBB 2. advise， suggest【辨析】 两者都是动词，都表示“向建议”。两者的区别在于： advise的固定搭配是advise sb.(not) to do建议某人(别)做；suggest的固定搭配是suggest (sb.) doing或suggest ones doing建议(某人)做。当然它们都可以接宾语从句，但宾语从句的动词形式必须是(should)(not)do 【举例】 I advise my father to stop smoking. 我建议我爸爸戒烟。 I suggest my father( fathers)stopping smoking. 我建议我爸爸停止吸烟。 I advise/suggest (that)my father (should)stop smoking. 我建议我爸爸不再吸烟。 【演练】( )1. The doctor advised me _. A. to smoke B. smoking C. dont smoke D. not to smoke( )2. He suggested _ a walk with my grandma. A. took B. to take C. taking D. me to takeDC ( )3. The husband suggested _ to the south, but his wife advised him _ up the idea. A. moving; giving B. to move; to give C. moving; to give D. to move; givingC 3. agree with， agree to【辨析】 agree意为“同意”，其反义词为disagree。 (1)agree with sb./sth. 表示“同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等 (即持同一观点)”。 (2)agree to sth. 意为“同意某事”，agree to后接建议、计划、安排 (suggestion， advice， plan， arrangement) 等。 (3)agree to do sth. (此时to是不定式符号，后接动词原形构成不定式)，意为“同意做某事”。 【举例】 I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你(的意见)。 He agreed to the plan. 他同意了这个计划。 We agreed to leave early. 我们同意早点出发。 【演练】( )1. Do you think he will _ my sugges-tion？A. agree to B. agrees to C. agree with D. agrees with( )2. Her parents both _ what she said. A. agree to B. agreed with C. agrees with D. agreed to( )3. I agree _ swimming tomorrow. A. to go B. to going C. with go D. /ABA 4. be able to，can【辨析】 两者都表示“能；会”，后面都接动词原形。be able to有人称、时态及数的变化，可以用于任何时态。而can没有人称或数的变化，但有一个过去时形式could，相当于was/were able to，也可以表示现在的能力，相当于is/am/are able to。 注意：be able to可以用于不定式；当表示过去通过努力终于做成了某事时要用be able to，而不能用can；表猜测时要用can, 而不能用be able to。【举例】 He can / is able to speak German. 他会说德语。 I could / was able to dress myself when I was 10 months old. 我十个月时就会自己穿衣服。 Kitty will be able to arrive on time if she runs fast enough. 如果凯蒂跑得够快，她就能准时到达。 He has not been able to come since he got hurt. 自从受伤以后，他就一直未能前来。 That cant be your bag. 那不可能是你的书包。 【演练】( )1. They will _ tell you the news soon. A. able to B. be able to C. can D. are able to( )2. You _ use my dictionary. Thank you. A. can B. are able to C. were able to D. could BA ( )3. Somebody is knocking at the door. Who _ it be?A. is able to B. could C. can D. cant( )4. I _ swim to the bank after the boat turned over. A. am able to B. can C. was able to D. can able to( )5. Could I borrow your pen? Sure, you _. A. can B. could C. cant D. are able toCCA 5. borrow， lend， keep【辨析】 (1)borrow意为“借进”，borrow sth. from sb./sw. 表示“向某人/从某处借入某物”。 (2)lend意为“借出”，是borrow的反义词，lend sth. to sb./lend sb. sth. 表示“借出某物给某人”。 (3)keep意为“保留；借”，borrow， lend表示的“借”是短暂性的，而keep表示的是持续性的。keep sth.时间段表示“借某物多长时间”，常用于完成时态。 【举例】 Can I borrow your pen? 我可以借用一下你的钢笔吗？ Do you often borrow books from the library? 你经常从图书馆借书吗？ Can you lend me your pen? 把你的钢笔借给我好吗？ You mustnt lend it to others. 你一定不要把它借给别人。 He has kept these books for two weeks. 他借这些书两周了。 How long can I keep the book?这本书我可以借多久？ Two weeks. 两周。 【演练】( )1. You can _ my iPod for four days. A. lend B. borrow C. keep D. get( )2. Thanks for _ me the money. A. borrowing B. lending C. kept D. lentCB ( )3. Joseph _ his guitar to Betty last Friday. A. lent B. lended C. borrows D. kept( )4. Daisy _ a book from her cousin and she has _ it for three weeks. A. borrowed; lent B. borrowed; kept C. lent; kept D. lends; borrowedAB 6. develop, developing, developed, development【辨析】 (1)develop意为“发展；开发”，既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。 (2)developing意为“发展中的”，为现在分词，起形容词的作用，表示主动含义。 (3)developed意为“发达的”，为过去分词，起形容词的作用，表示被动含义。 (4)development意为“发展”，用作名词。 【举例】 The child is developing well. 这孩子发育得很好。 China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 Japan is a developed country. 日本是一个发达国家。 Education is important to a childs develop-ment. 教育对一个孩子的发展至关重要。 【演练】( )1. We should _ the students ability to solve problems.A. develop B. development C. developed D. developing( )2. What are your plans for the _ of your company?A. developed B. developing C. develop D. developmentAD ( )3. India is a _ country， while America is a _ one.A. developed; developed B. developing; developingC. developing; developed D. developed; developingC 7. die， dead， death， dying【辨析】 (1)die是瞬间动词，意为“死；死去”，表示生命的结束，不能用于被动语态，也不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 (2)dead是形容词，意为“死的”，在句中可以充当定语或表语。 (3)death是名词，意为“死亡”。 (4)dying可作die的现在分词，也可作形容词，意为“奄奄一息的；濒临死亡的”。 【举例】 His father died last week. 上周他父亲去世了。 He found a dead bird in the garden. 他在花园里发现了一只死鸟。 His grandpa has been dead for two years. 他的祖父逝世已经有两年了。(注：be dead可以与时间段连用，而die则不可以。此句若用die改写则为：His grandpa died two years ago. 他的祖父两年前去世了。) She cried out after knowing her husbands death. 得知她丈夫的死讯后，她失声痛哭。 The dying man was saved by a kind hearted lady. 那个奄奄一息的男人被一位好心的女士救了。 I think his dog is dying. 我认为他的狗快要死了。 【演练】( )1. Thinking of the _ of my grand-father， I feel very sad. A. dead B. die C. death D. died( )2. Who can save the _ dog？A. dead B. dying C. died D. dieCB ( )3. The poor man _ last night. A. was dead B. is dying C. dead D. died( )4. The cat has _ for two days. A. died B. been died C. been dead D. deathDC 8. die from， die of，die out【辨析】 (1)die from和die of均表示“因而死”，所接宾语均表示死亡的原因。 具体使用时，die of指死于(疾病、感情、饥寒等)自身原因；die from一般指死于(事故、外伤等)外部原因。若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则用of和from均可。 (2)die out意为“(家族、物种等)灭绝；绝迹”。 【举例】 Mr. Liu died from an earthquake. 刘先生死于一场地震。 Nowadays many people die of cancer. 如今很多人死于癌症。 Many kinds of animals are in danger of dying out. 许多动物种类都处于濒临灭绝的危险中。 【演练】( )1. Miss Lin _ heart disease last spring. A. died of B. died from C. died out D. died down( )2. Human beings may _ one day if they continue to destroy the environment. A. die out B. die of C. die in D. die fromAA ( )3. Each year, many people _ traffic accidents. A. die from B. die of C. die out D. die downA 9. get to， arrive in/at， reach【辨析】 三者均可表示“到达”。get表“到达”时是不及物动词，后接表示地点的名词时要与介词to连用，即“get to地点”。 arrive表“到达”时也是不及物动词，后接地点名词时要借助介词in或at，即“arrive in大地点， arrive at小地点”。reach表“到达”时是及物动词，后面直接接表示地点的词。 注意：(1) get， arrive后接表示地点的副词(如here， there， home等)时，不需要任何介词作为媒介。 (2) 到达的地点在句中没有出现时，只能单独使用arrive。 【举例】 He got to the stop at 5:00 oclock this afternoon. 他今天下午五点到站的。 He arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达了北京。 When he arrived at the stop, the bus had left. 当他到达公共汽车站时，公交车已经开走了。 When does the train reach London?火车什么时候到达伦敦？ When I got there, the film had been on for 5 minutes. 当我到那里时，电影已经上映五分钟了。 When did you arrive？ 你什么时候到的？ Three days ago. 三天前(到的)。 【演练】( )1. Sadly we _ the factory five minutes late. A. got B. arrived in C. reach D. arrived at( )2. When did he _ home yesterday？A. arrived B. get to C. reach D. getsDC ( )3. What were you doing when the sandstorm _？ A. arrived B. reached C. got to D. arrived in( )4. The kite is in the tree. Can you _ it?A. get to B. arrive at C. reach D. reach inAC 10. happen， take place【辨析】 两者都可表示“发生”。happen 意为“意外、偶然、未能预见地发生”，常见搭配有sb. happen to do sth. “某人碰巧做某事”和sth. happen to sb./sth. “某事意外发生在某人/某事身上”。take place意为“按事先计划或有预谋地发生/举行”。 注意：与happen搭配的往往是accident， crash， earthquake， tsunami(海啸)等；与take place搭配的往往是murder， sports meeting， party， celebration， marriage等。此外，happen, take place往往不用于被动语态。 【举例】 I happened to meet two foreigners from Argentina on the mountain yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我碰巧在山上遇见了两位来自阿根廷的外籍人士。 Cindy looks upset these days. What happened to her？ 辛迪这几天看起来很沮丧。她怎么了？ A horrible murder took place on July 22， 2009. 2009年7月22号发生了一起可怕的谋杀案。 【演练】( )1. When did the earthquake _？A. take place B. happen C. happening D. took place( )2. In 1919， the May 4th Movement _ in China. A. took place B. happened C. will happen D. was taking placeBA ( )3. Great changes _ in the town since 1998. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place ( )4. I _ to see him on my way home. A. took place B. happened C. happening D. take placeAB 11. have been to， have been in， have gone to【辨析】 (1)have/has been to 强调“曾经去了某个地方，此时人已经不在那里了”，后常接次数，如once，twice，three times等， 也可和just，never，ever等连用。 (2)have/has been in表示“在某地待了多长时间”，常与时间段状语for/sinceago等连用。 (3)have/has gone to强调 “去了某个地方”，现在人可能在去的途中或已经在那个地方了，总之不在说话者处， 上下文中往往出现Where is sb.？/Have you seen sb. recently？/sb. will be back in之类的暗示语。 注意：当它们后面接表示地点的副词(如here， there， home等)时，要省略介词in， to。 【举例】 My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父亲去过北京两次。 I have been in Shanghai for three years. 我到上海已有三年了。 Where is Jim？吉姆在哪里？ He has gone to England. 他去英国了。 Youve never been there before， have you？ 你从来没有去过那里，是吗？ 【演练】( )1. He _ Beijing. He will come back in ten days. A. has been to B. have gone to C. has been in D. has gone to( )2. How many times have you _ Paris？ Only once. A. been in B. gone to C. go to D. been toDD ( )3. How long have you _ this city？ For more than ten years. A. stay in B. been in C. been to D. come to( )4. Long time no see. Where have you _？ I was on a trip to Australia. A. been B. gone to C. gone D. come fromBA 12. hear of， hear about， hear from【辨析】 hear of与hear about的意思相近，这两个词组在英语中有时可以通用。hear of意为“听说过；听到；提起某事”，直接指其对象。hear about意为“听到、得知关于某人或某事的消息”，比hear of知道得更详细、具体。hear from通常接表示人的名词或代词，意为“收到的信；收到的电报；得到的消息”。 【举例】 I have never heard of him since he left. 自从他离开后，我再也没有听到过他的消息。 Ive just heard about his illness. 我刚听说他生病的事。 I havent heard from him since he telephoned. 自从那次他来电话后，我一直没有收到过他的来信。 【演练】( )1. Ive just _ his promotion. A. hear about B. heard from C. hear of D. heard about( )2. We dont know the singer，and weve never _ her. A. heard of B. hear about C. heard from D. heardDA ( )3. How often do you _ your grandmother? Once a month. A. get a letter to B. hear from C. hear a letter from D. write fromB 13. hope， wish【辨析】 两者都可以作动词，表示“希望”。hope用作动词时，后面可接不定式或that从句，但不能接“宾语不定式”(即不能用hope sb. to do结构)。wish作动词时，后面接不定式或“宾语不定式”都可以，wish接 that从句时，一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”，常用虚拟语气。 注意：(1)wish可表示良好的“祝愿”，后面接“宾语宾补(形容词或名词)”，而hope不能这样用。 (2)在简略句中，如要表示希望某事不会发生时，应说I hope not，而不说 I dont hope so。 (3)此外，hope和wish都可以作名词。 【举例】 I hope to be a doctor.=I hope that I can be a doctor. 我希望我能当一名医生。 I hope she will be well again. 我希望她会痊愈。(不能说“I hope her to be well again.”。) I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day. 但愿有一天我能乘坐宇宙飞船飞向月球。(句中could为虚拟用法，不可用can。) I wish I were you. 但愿我是你就好了。(句中were为虚拟用法。) We wish to visit Yanan. 我希望能参观延安。 We wish you (to be)happy. 我希望你幸福。 I wish you a long life. 祝你长寿。 He gave up all hope. 他放弃了一切希望。 Thank you for giving me hope. Best wishes to you, too! 谢谢你给我希望。也衷心祝愿你！ 【演练】( )1. What are you going to do when you grow up？A singer， but my parents wish me _ a teacher. A. am B. to be C. will be D. be( )2. I _ youll be better soon.A. make B. get C. hope D. wishBC ( )3. I _ Rachel to be my partner. A. wish B. hope C. expecting D. look forwardA
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