Itis句型归纳

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“ It is”句式归纳高中英语教材中出现了不少“ It is ”这样的句子。其中 it 表达的意义不同,“ It is ”的含义也就不一样。本文在此将教材中出现过的这类句子罗列出来,供同学们学习时参考。一 . It is time ( for sb. ) to do sth. 意为“该是某人做某事的时候了”。例如:Its seven oclock now. Mike, it is time ( for you ) to go to school.7 点了。迈克,你该去上学了。此句式的变异形式为: It is ( high ) time that sb did sth. 该句式表示“某人现在该做某事了”,从句中谓语动词常为过去式,说明现在应该做的事情。例如:Its six oclock. It is high time that we went home now.6 点钟了。该是我们回家的时候了。二 . It is when 可用于下面两种场合:1. when 是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“的时候已是几点钟”。例如:It was eight oclock in the morning when they went shopping.当他们去买东西的时候已经是上午 8 点了。2. when 是关系副词,引导定语从句,它本身在从句中作时间状语。例如:It was July 10, 1992, when he graduated from Nanjing University.他 1992 年 7 月 10 日毕业于南京大学。三 . It is / has been + 一段时间 +since 从句。例如:It is / has been three years since we saw each other last time.我们上一次见面是在 3 年前。It is four years since I became a student.我上了 4 年学了。(注意:状语从句中常用短暂性动词的一般过去时作谓语动词)“ It was + 一段时间 +since 从句”结构。可理解为:从更远的过去某一时间点,延续了一段时间直至过去的一个时间点,从句中用过去完成时作谓语。例如:It was two years since he had left here.他离开这儿有两年了。注意: since 从句里的谓语动词是瞬间动词时,表示这段时间从该动作开始时算起; since 从句里的谓语动词是延续性 / 表状态的动词时,则表示这段时间从动作结束时算起。例如:Its five years since he lived here.他离开这儿有 5 年了。( live 为延续性动词)Its ten years since he joined the army.他参军已有 10 年了。( join 为瞬间动词)四 . It is + 一段时间 +before+ 从句。在该句式中, before 引导的是时间状语从句。这样的从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来时间。例如:It will be hours before he arrives at the bus stop.他到车站得好几个小时。It was not five hours before Tom left for Shanghai.不到五个小时汤姆就去上海了。注意:常出现在 before 前面的词或短语有: long, not long, years, months, days, hours, minutes 等。其肯定式表示“过多久就 / 才”,否定式表示“不久就 / 才”。五 . It is / was / will be + the first / second time + that 从句。该句式意为“这 / 那是第几次做”。注意:如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时和一般将来时,则从句谓语动词为现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词的时态是一般过去时,则从句谓语动词的时态为过去完成时。例如:It is the second time that I have been late for school.这是我第二次上学迟到了。It was the third time that I had been to Shanghai.那是我第三次去上海了。六 . 形式主语 it 可在下列情况下用来代替动词不定式:1. It is + adj. ( +for sb. / sth. ) +to do sth. 常用于此句式的形容词有: easy, hard, difficult, possible, impossible, important, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising 等。例如:It is easy for you to find the house.你很容易找到那座房子。2. It is +n. ( +for sb. / sth. ) + to do sth. 常用于此句式的名词有: pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners 等。例如:It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.年轻人占有老年人的专用座位是不礼貌的。3. It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 此句式中的形容词主要用来描述某人的品德、特征。常用于该句式的形容词有: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever 等。例如:How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!你放弃如此好的机会是多么的愚蠢呀!4. It is up to sb. to do sth. 表示“应由某人”。例如:Its up to you to decide whether to take the job or not.是否接受这项工作由你来决定。七 . 形式主语 it 可用来代替作真正主语的动名词短语。具体句式有:It is + adj. / n. + doing sth. 常用于此句式中的形容词和名词有: no / little use, no / much good, useless 等。例如:It is no use saying any more about it.这种事情说得再多也没用。八 . 形式主语 it 可用来代替作真正主语的名词性从句。具体句式为:1. it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面 that 引导的从句。例如:It is said that Doctor Li has been sent to Guangdong to fight against SARS.据说李医生已被派往广东去抗非典了。注意:有时因为主句中谓语动词或表语形容词的需要,通常在 that 从句中用“( should ) + 动词原形”作谓语动词。例如:( 1 ) It is suggested that we ( should ) get there on time.有人建议我们应该准时到达那儿。( 2 ) It is important that we ( should ) study English.对于我们来说学习英语是很重要的。2. it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面 wh- 词引导的从句。例如:It was clear enough what he meant.他的意思相当清楚。It is not very important whether he will come or not.他是否来并不重要。(注意:此句中的 whether 不可用 if 来代替)。九 . “ It is ”用于强调句式中。具体结构为:It is + 被强调部分 +that / who 从句。要注意:强调作主语用的人时可以用 who 或 that ,其它情况下一律用 that .被强调的部分通常是主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语。例如:It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball this morning.今天早晨,是我兄弟把球藏在床下的。It is I who / that am to go and look after the old man.是我自己要去照料那位老人的。It was Jack and Mary who / that met with a funny-looking man yesterday.昨天杰克和玛丽遇见一个外表上长得很可笑的男人。1. 强调句中的主语时,谓语动词要与被强调的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如:It is I who / that am to blame for it.2. 可以强调 because 引导的原因状语从句,但不能强调 as , since 引导的原因状语从句。例如:It was because her mother was ill that she missed the important lecture that day.是因为她母亲病了,那天她才没能听到那个重要的演讲。3. 强调时间状语、地点状语时要用 that 而不能用 when 或 where .例如:It was last spring that we planted these fruit trees.我们是在去年春天栽的这些果树。It was in a faraway mountain village that he learned a lot from the peasants.他是在一个遥远的山村里向农民学到许多东西的。4. 强调 not until 引导的时间状语时, that 后面分句中的主语、谓语不用倒装。试比较下面两例:( 1 ) It is not until she took off her glass that I recognized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下眼镜我才认出她是位著名影星。(强调句)( 2 ) Not until she took off her glass did I recognize she was a famous film star.直到她摘下眼镜我才认出她是位著名影星。(倒装句)6
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