副词（高考一轮复习可用）[1]

协和国际学校高中英语复习材料副词副词adverbs缩写 adv./ad.，是用来修饰或说明动词、形容词、介词短语或其他副词的词类。一、概念副词（adverb）修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如：often经常，there那里，very很，slowly慢慢地二、副词的构成1本身就是副词now现在，here这里，very很2由形容词加词尾-ly变来carefully 小心地，happily 幸福地，greatly很大地3与形容词同形early adj早的 early adv早high adj高的 high adv高高地long adj长的，长久的 long adv长久地1副词的种类副词可分为：1）方式：quickly, bravely, happily. hard, fast, well2）地点： here, there, up, down, near, by3）时间：now, soon, yet, still, then, today4）频度：twice, often, never, always, ocacasionally5）确定：certainly, surely, definitely, obviously6）程度：very, fairly, rather, quite, too, hard7）疑问副词（用来就某一成分提问）：when, how, where,why8）连接副词（用来引导名词性从句、状语从句）：when, how,where, why, whenever, however, wherever9）关系副词（用来引导定语从句）：when, how, where, why10）否定副词： never, not, seldom, scarcely, hardly, nowhere, rarely三、副词的种类1时间副词（adverb of time）说明全句或句中某一成分。例如：now现在， today今天， yesterday昨天， recently最近，always总是，often经常， usually通常，already 已经，early早时间副词中包括频度副词。最常见的频度副词有：always总是，often经常，usually通常，sometimes有时，seldom很少，never从不2地点副词（adverb of place）说明全句或句中某一成分。例如：here在这里，there在那里，everywhere到处above在上面，below在下面，up向上，over在那边，round在周围，off离开，down向下，in在内，out向外3方式副词（adverb of manner）说明全句或句中某一成分。例如：carefully 仔细地， suddenly突然， rapidly 迅速地，slowly 慢慢地，successfully成功地4程度副词（adverb of degree）说明形容词、副词或动词。例如：very十分，much很多，so那么，too太，enough充分，almost几乎，nearly接近， least最少，quite相当地5疑问副词（interrogative adverb）用来构成特殊疑问句。例如：how，when，where，why6连接副词（conjunctive adverb）用来连接从句（主语、宾语、表语）。例如：how，when，where，why等。（其他如therefore所以，however然而，hence所以，then然后，so所以，otherwise否则等，有副词和连词作用的词，有些词典中已注明是连词）7关系副词（relative adverb）用来连接定语从句。例如：who，when，where， why8其他副词表示肯定、否定、重复not不，even甚至，surely一定，too也，really真正，practically实际，only仅仅2副词在句中的作用副词在句中主要是作状语，修饰谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、介词短语、其他副词或句子。1）副词作状语。【例】The manager often pays a visit to Beijing. 经理经常去北京。2）副词作表语。【例】The snow storm will soon be over. 这场暴风雪不久就会结束。3）副词作定语，一般后置，有时可以前置。【例】The dining-room upstairs is crowded 楼上的餐厅很拥挤。4）副词作宾语补足语。【例】Please show him in. 请带他进来。3副词的原级、比较级和最高级副词和形容词一样，也分原级、比较级和最高级。副词的比较级和最高级的形式变化分两种：规则变化和不规则变化。1）规则变化形式：一般说来单音节的副词多采用加-er和-est 的形式，多音节的副词多采用加more和most的形式。注：以-ly结尾的副词通常都以more和most分别表示比较级和最高级（early一词例外，因为其后的-ly不是词尾，比较级earlier，最高级是earlist）。2）不规则变化形式：4副词的常用句型1）副词原级的常用句型（1）用“as+副词原级+as”句型，表示程度相同，意为“像（和）一样”。【例】He runs as fast as you. 他和你跑得一样快。She gets up as early as her brother. 她和她兄弟一样起得早。（2）用“not+as(so)+副词原级+as”句型表示程度不同，意思是“不像（和）一样”。【例】He doesnt work as carefully as his sister. 他工作起来不像他妹妹那么认真。He cant swim as fast as Tom. 他游泳不如汤姆游得快。2）副词比较级常用句型（1）用“副词比较级+than”句型，表示一方程度高于另一方，意思是“比更”。【例】It snows more often in the north than in the south. 北方雪比南方多。I like oranges better than apples. 我喜欢苹果，但更喜欢桔子。（桔子和苹果相比，我更喜欢桔子。）（2）有时两者比较，用“Which比较级，or？”表示“和，哪一个更？”【例】Which runs faster, a bus or a train? 汽车和火车哪个跑得快？（3）副词的比较级可以用 much, still, even, far, by far, a little, five metres，等修饰，加强比较程度。【例】He speaks English much more often than before. 他讲英语比以往更多了。John ran five metres faster than Jim yesterday. 昨天约翰跑得比吉姆快五米。（4）表示程度不断加深，用“副词比较级+and+副词比较级”的句型，意思是“越来越”【例】The sun rose higher and higher. 太阳渐渐升高了。3）副词最高级常用句型副词最高级用于表示三者或三者以上有一个程度最高的时，句型是“副词最高级+表示比较范围”，意思是“最”。注意：副词最高级前的the可以省。【例】Among the three of them, he studies hardest. 三个人当中，他学习最用功。Our monitor sings the best in our class. 我们的班长在班上唱歌唱得最好。四、副词的用法1作状语1）副词修饰动词Study well and make progress every day. 好好学习，天天向上。We often go to the park on Sundays. 星期天我们常去公园。I have already read the book many times. 我已经把这本书读过好多遍了。2）副词修饰形容词China is very rich in material resources. 中国的资源十分丰富。Cotton is a quite useful material. 棉花是很有用的原料。We want a fairly large car. 我们要一辆相当大的车。That is a rather surprising result. 那是一个相当惊人的结果。3）副词修饰副词The workers work very hard.工人们工作十分努力。I am very well.我很好。We meet fairly often.我们见面的时候相当多。4）动词+副词常见的有：give out发出，give up放弃，turn out生产，pick out挑选，put out熄灭；turn off关掉，go on继续，come out出来，flow off流下，set off出发，think over考虑，wake up 醒来等。当这类短语动词要求代词为其宾语时，该代词应放在动词与副词之间。如果是名词做其宾语时，该名词既可以放在动词与副词之间也有可以放在副词的后面。如：You must think it over before you answer. 回答之前你一定要好好想一想。The factory turns out 200 TV sets in a day. 该厂日产200台电视。Please wake me up at six tomorrow morning. 请在明天早上六点唤醒我。5）动词+副词+介词常见的有：look forward to盼望，drive up to（将车）开到，come up to走近，lead up to引到， catch up with赶上，keep up with跟上，go on with继续，do away with放弃等。We must catch up with and surpass（超过）advanced world levels. 我们必须赶超世界先进水平。I am looking forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望着早点见到你。We lag far behind them so we must keep up with them. 我们远远落在他们后面，所以我们必须跟上他们。2作表语这种副词常见的有：up，down，over，out，in，apart（相隔）等。如：Time is up. Class is over. 时间到了，下课。The radio is on收音机开着。Now spring is in. 春天来了。I must be off now.我得走了。3作定语经常放在所说明的名词后面。如：The river there is wider and deeper. 那里的河更宽、更深。The students here study English. 这里的学生学英语。I saw Tom on my way home. 我在回家的路上看见汤姆了。Ill come over to see you on my next day off. 我下次休假时再来看你。五、副词在句中的位置、作用1在谓语动词后，副词修饰谓语动词多数副词在谓语动词后面，如果没有其他补足语就紧接着动词，但几乎始终是在直接、间接宾语之后。如：The new machine works well. 新机器运转正常。He runs quickly. 他跑得快。We always do our experiments carefully. 我们总是认真地做实验。2时间副词一般跟在地点副词后I came here last Saturday. 上星期六我来过这里。I saw her there yesterday. 昨天我在那儿看见她。3时间副词也可放在主语前面Last Saturday I came here. 上星期六我来过这里。Yesterday I saw her there. 昨天我在那儿看见她。4有些表示位置的副词如 on，out，down，up，in，away等副词，常可置于动词与宾语之间。但若宾语是一个人称代词，就应将该宾语置于动词与副词之间。如：Turn on the light, please. （或 Turn the light on.）Turn it on. （it代替 the light）请打开灯。 Put away those books. （或 Put those books away.）Put them away.（them代替 those books）把那些书收起来。5副词修饰谓语动词或全句这类副词是频度副词和程度副词，放在谓语动词前，但若句子里有情态动词、助动词或动词to be，就放在这类动词的后面。如：always总是，usually通常，seldom很少， often通常， ever曾经， also也，still仍然，already已经，even甚至，quite很， almost几乎， certainly当然， soon很快， entirely全部， completely完全。She is seldom late for her class. 她上课很少迟到。She has never been late. 她从不迟到。I almost forgot about the whole thing. 我差点把这事整个忘掉了。*这一类副词如：sometime，soon (shortly)，yet，once，often也可以放在动词后面。例如：She will be back soon (shortly). 她一会儿就回来。Such things do happen sometimes. 这种事情的确有时会发生的。Jim hasnt come back yet. 吉姆还没有回来。We talked about the matter once. 我们针对此事谈过一次。Does she visit you often? 她常来看你吗？6副词放在所说明的词前，修饰形容词或另一副词I dont agree quite with you. 我不完全同意你的意见。Tom works very hard. 汤姆工作非常努力。That is a rather big table. 那是一个相当大的桌子。* enough放在它所修饰的形容词或副词后面。如：The room is big enough to hold 30 students. 房间足以容纳30名学生。When he speaks loudly enough, the students can understand him. 当他讲话足够大声时，学生们才能听懂。7在所说明的词后，副词修饰名词做定语The problems above are very important. 上述问题很重要。The students here are busy preparing for the final examination. 这儿的学生正忙着期末考试。The engineer here will show you how to repair the machine. 这位工程师会告诉你怎样修理机器。8在句首，副词修饰全句此时疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词通常放在句（或从句）首。如：How are these physical changes explained? （疑问副词）怎样解释这些物理变化？I want to know when we have English classes.（连接副词在从句首）我想知道我们什么时候有英语课。The days when we take college entrance examination are coming.（关系副词在句首）我们参加大学入学考试的日子就要到了。Why are you late for class? （疑问副词）为什么你上课迟到了？*少数副词如：perhaps， exactly， soon， still等在句中的位置比较灵活，但意思并不引起多大变化。如：Perhaps I saw three people. 也许我看见三个人。I perhaps saw three people. 我大概看见三个人。I saw three people perhaps. 我看见三个人，也说不定。* only， even放在与它最密切的词之前。如：Only he teaches German. We all teach English.只有他教德语。我们都教英语。He can only speak. He cant write. 他只能说。他不能写。He teaches only German. He doesnt teach English. 他只会教德语。他不会教英语。He spoke only for two minutes. 他只说了两分钟。六、副词also，too和either作“也”讲时的位置1also和 too用于肯定句He is a technician. I am also a technician. 他是（个）技术员。我也是（个）技术员。Physical changes use energy. Chemical changes also use energy. 物理变化要能量。化学变化也要能量。She is an electrician. I am an electrician, too. 她是（个）电工。我也是（个）电工。2also 一般置于系动词之后，行为动词之前或句末，too通常置于句末。either只能用于否定句，而且必须置于句末He has no test glass. I have no test glass, either. 他没有化验杯。我也没有化验杯。I dont know. You dont know, either? （either前的逗号可有可无）我不知道。你也不知道吗？七、副词级的构成由性质形容词变来的副词和形容词一样，有三个级，即原级、比较级和最高级。构成法如下：1规则的1）以-ly结尾的副词；原级前加more，most称为“复式”，（常用于两个以上音节的副词）。A复式a原级firmly（坚定地）， easily（容易地）， successfully（成功地）， distinctly（明显地）b比较级more firmly, more easily, more successfully,more distinctlyc最高级most firmly, most easily, most successfully,most distinctly2）单音节副词：原级后加-er，-est称为“单式”。B单式a原级。high（高） soon（早） fast（快） hard（努力）b比较级higher, sooner, faster, harderc最高级highest, soonest, fastest, hardest3）有些以-ly结尾的副词，要变-y为i，再加-er，-estC兼单、复式a原级quickly（快）， quick（快）b比较级more quickly, quickerc最高级most quickly, quickestD单式a原级 early（早）b比较级 earlierc最高级 earliest2不规则的1）原级well（好）， badly（坏）， much（多）， little（少），near（近）， far（远），late（迟）2）比较级better，worse， more，less，nearer， farther（较远）， further（进一步）， later（较迟）3）最高级best， worst， most， least， nearest（next）， farthest，furthest（最远），latest（最近）八、副词级的用法及译法1原级比较1）肯定式“as+原级+as”表示相等，译成“和一样，”“像那样”。如：He could speak English as fluently as an Englishman.他英语说得和英国人一样流利。We will certainly work as hard as Lei Feng did.我们一定要像雷锋那样努力工作。2）否定式“notas（或so）+原级+as”表示不相等，译成“不如（像）那么”，“没有那样”。如：Sound does not move so fast as light.声不如光传播得快。3）在“as+原级+as”前加 n times、half、twice等，表示倍数、百分数的比较，译成“比大（快）倍（百分之几）”。如：She can read twice as fast as the other students in the class. 她看书的速度比班上别的同学快一倍。Production in this workshop increases 3 times as quickly as that in that one. 这个车间增产速度是那个车间的三倍。（即快两倍）2比较级比较与形容词相似，副词比较级应省略可省的词以避免重复（参见形容词的比较级）1）“比较级 +than”（有时省略 than）译成“较（比）”，“一些”、“越来越”等。如：Sound travels less fast than light. 声音没有光传得快。Could you talk a bit more quietly? 你们说话声音轻点儿好吗？2）有时可在比较级前加 much， far， still， even，little等状语来表示程度。如：He can run even faster than this time. 他可以比这次跑得还快。3）“the+比较级，the+比较级”译成“越，越”，“愈，愈”。如：The harder you work, the more you will learn. 你越努力，就越学得多。The harder we practise, the better we understand.我们越刻苦地去实践，我们理解得越好。4）“比较级+and+比较级”译成“越来越”、“愈来愈”。如：After practising for a month, she can speak English better and better. 练习了一个月以后，她英语说得越来越好。3最高级比较最高级比较常用“of”，“in”，“among”或一个限定定语来指出比较范围，副词最高级前一般不加the。译成“在中最”，“最（顶）”（参见形容词比较级部分）。九、如何区别词形相同的副词和形容词副词和形容词有时在词形上相同，可从它们的语法功能上加以区别。副词通常说明动词、形容词或另一副词；形容词通常说明名词作表语或定语。1原级1）副词I cant speak so fast as you. 我没法说你这么快。2）形容词The material is very hard. 这种材料很硬。2比较级1）副词He works more and better than before. 他的工作比过去做得更多更好。2）形容词Please give me more books. 请再多给我几本书。3最高级1）副词The experiment works best on a dry day. 这种实验最好在干燥的日子做。2）形容词She is the best pupil of that group. 她是那个小组中最好的学生。一、高考命题分析1We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _ . （96）A badly BhardlyCstrongly D heavily2I dont think they will come tonight. Its _ impossible. （90）A very BquiteC much Dmost3This question is _ easy. （90）Acompletely BwidelyCfairly Dmostly二、应用举例1 You are _ able to do it than I do.A better BmuchC more D rather2You must write as _ as you can.Acareful BcarefullyCmore carefully Dmore careful3I cannot thank you _ much for your kindness. I owe my success to you.Aso BveryCtoo Das4The boy wore a suit _ large for him.A very much B too muchCmuch too Dvery many5“Lets take a walk before we start to study.”“Oh, I think its _ for walking.”A much too hot Bvery much hotCtoo much heat Dvery much heat6I was _ tired that I had to rest.Aso much BsoCenough Dtoo7I couldnt lift the box; it was _ heavy.A much BsuchCso Da8“Why didnt you use that?”“Because it wasnt _ to fit it.”Agood enough Benough goodCas enough good Dgood as enough副词练习1How are you？_ , thank you. AQuite well BQuite goodCVery better DVery good2Its _ to catch the 5:30 train. Aearly enough Bmuch earlyCtoo early Dvery much early3Though she was _ , she didnt feel _ .Alonely, alone Balone, lonelyCherself, alone Dalone, alone4Ive been looking for you _ . Ain all places BanywhereCfor all places Deverywhere5 _ will the meeting begin and _ will it last? AHow long, how soonBHow soon, how longCHow fast, how much timeDHow often, how long6At _ seven oclock we saw the ship came _ .Anearly, near Bnear, nearCnear, nearly Dnearly, nearly7He is _ interested in English. He often works at it until _ into the night. Adeeply, deep Bdeep, deepCdeep, deeply Ddeeply, deeply8Have you visited Shanghai? _ .AStill BNot everCNot yet DEver9Mr. Li was absent and we had the afternoon _ .Aon BoffCout Dabout10He writes English _ you. Aas poor as Bas poorly asCso poor as Dpoorly as11No other girl works _ hard as Mary does. Avery BmoreCso Dtoo12 _ he studies, the more he learns. AHow much BFor muchCThe more DThe most13The sooner, the _ . Abest BwellCbetter Dgood4He is _ stupid to answer that question.Aso BveryCso as Dtoo15How _ she sings. Agood BniceCfine Dwell