2023年海南职称英语考试真题卷（7）

2023年海南职称英语考试真题卷（7）本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共49题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.第一篇Trying to Find a PartherOne of the most striking findings of a recent poll in the UK is that of the people inbterviewed,one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love Or are we making it harder for ourselves It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships.Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status.A man doesnt expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children.But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.In theory,finding a partner should be much simpler these days.Only a few generations ago,your choice of soulmate （心上人） was constrained by geography,social convention and family tradition.Although it was never explicit,many marriages were essentially arranged.Now those barriers have been broken down.You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening.When the world is your oyster （牡蛎）,you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice.The expectations of partners are inflated to an unmanageable degree:good looks,impressive salary,kind to grandmother,and right socks.There is no room for error in the first impression.We think that a relationship can be perfect.If it isnt,it is disposable.We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and dont put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship.Of course,this is complicated by realities.The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.Which of the following is NOT expected of a partner according to this passageAGood looks.BAn impressive career.CA high salary.DA fine sense of humor. 2.American DreamsThere is a common response to America among foreign writers:the US is a land of extremes where the best of things qre just as easily found as the worst.This is a cliche（陈词滥调）.In the land of black and white,people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world.But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone.（46） No class system or govemment stands in the way.Sadly,this old argument is no longer true.Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened.（47）Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 per cent.For the top 1 per cent,however,it has gone up 200 per cent.Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth.（48）Inequalities have grown worse in different regions.In California,incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 per cent since 1969.（49） This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans.The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth.There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty.At 12.7 per cent of the population,it is the highest percentage in the developed world.Yet the tax burden on Americas rich is falling,not growing.（50） There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole.But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.A、Nobody is poor in the US.B、The top 0.01 per cent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.C、For upper class families they have risen 41 per cent.D、Now it is 9.8 times.E、As it does so,the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.F、All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top. 3.第二篇Chronic Diseases:The Worlds Leading KillerChronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders.The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area.In ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their most economically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.Last ween in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic（寄生的）diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thousand fifteen.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific.Until recently the main killers in Asia and the Pacific have beenAeconomic gains.Blost productivity.Cchronic diseases.Dinfectious and parasitic diseases. 4.Facts about Stroke1Every 45 seconds,someone in America has a stroke.Every 3.1 minutes,someone dies of one.Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in 2000 and is the nations third leading cause of death,ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer.Stroke is a leading cause of serious,long-term disability in the United States.2Stroke is a type of cardiovascular（心血管的）disease.It affects the arteries（动脉）leading to and within the brain.A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients（营养物）to the brain is either blocked by a clot（凝块）or bursts.When that happens,part of the brain cannot get the blood（and oxygen）it needs,so it starts to die.3The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions.If a stroke occurs and blood flow cant reach the region that controls a particular body function,that part of the body wont work as it should.If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain,for instance,its likely that some disability involving vision will result.The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction（阻塞）and the extent of brain tissue affected.4The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke.The more risk factors a person has,the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke.Some of these you cant control,such as increasing age,family health history,race,and prior stroke.But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk.Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare providers help.Some of these include:high blood pressure,current smoking,heart disease,and high red blood cell count.5A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment.In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year.For many years,there was no hope for those suffering a stroke.However,recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments.For the treatments to work,the person must get to a hospital immediately.23.Paragraph 2.24.Paragraph 3.25.Paragraph 4.26.Paragraph 5.AEffects of a strokeBAnnual cost of stroke in the USCDefinition and description of a strokeDBreakthroughs in treatmentERisk factors of strokeFWarning signs of a stroke 5.第三篇Joyce Sipes and Mary Ellen DodgeWhen Joyce Sipes was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1999,she shared the news immediately with her sister Mary Ellen Dodge.Mary Ellen was there for her-helping her through the terror,and the fear,and the thousand questions that are inevitably a part of hearing the wordcancer.Fortunately,a friend at work who had had a similar diagnosis highly recommended Alonzo Walker,MD,Medical College of Wisconsin surgical oncologist（外科肿瘤学家）and director of the Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin Breast Cancer Program.Joyce made an appointment.At an initial consultation,Dr.Walker spent two hours with Joyce and her husband.Joyce was so reassured;she cancelled her appointment to get a second opinion elsewhere.Ultimately,Joyces cancer required a mastectomy（乳房切除术）.Reconstructive surgery took place right away.She came to think of Dr.Walker as her partner,not just my doctor.And the Froedtert nurses,she says,werevery unusual and impressive.As it turned out,Joyce would soon have the chance to do something important for her sister Mary Ellen.During her own cancer treatment,Joyce suggested that Mary Ellen should get herself checked through the Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin Breast Cancer Program.In addition to its opportunities for examination and screening,the hospital had established a program especially for women in families at high risk for cancer.Sure enough,it turned our that Mary Ellen had some cysts（囊肿）,one of which was dangerous enough that it needed to be surgically removed.Shes fine now-thanks to Joyces suggestion.Both sisters experienced firsthand how Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin offers more than leading-edge technology and the unmatched experience of physicians in an academic medical center.It offers a comrehensive team approach-of consultation,collaboration,and care-all focused on the individual patient.Thats why Joyce came to think of Froedtert,throughout the process of her treatment,as being her security blanket.Joyce Sipes has been cancer-free five years now-an important milestone（里程碑）for breast cancer survivors.Joyce and Mary Ellen are together once again in their workshop in Joyces home,making the beautiful market baskets,bread baskets,muffin（松饼）baskets,and Nantucket baskets that they-and their customers-love.Which is NOT true of Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin AIt does not care much about the individual patient.BIt offers more than leading-edge technology.CIts physicians have unique experience.DIt adopts a comprehensive team approach. 6.World Heart DaySunday was World Heart Day.The World Heart Federation and its member groups in more than one hundred countries organized the celebrations.The World Health Organization and other United Nations agencies provided support for the（51）.World Heart Day was first observed six years（52）.Organizers proposed the event as a way to help reduce the spread of heart disease.The World Heart Federation says heart（53）kills seventeen million people each year.The group urges people to be active and have a good,healthy diet.It also warns（54）activities known to increase a persons risk of heart attack or stroke.Some of the warnings are directed at children.The World Heart Federation says about twenty-two million boys and girls under the age of five are obese-severely overweight.Children are normally energetic and active.（55）,two thirds of all children are not active enough.Such children greatly（56）their risk of becoming obese.They also increase their（57）of developing heart disease or other disorders.One message of World Heart Day is to eat right.Children（58）eat a healthy and balanced diet.Also,limit sugary drinks,sweets and eating between meals.The World Heart Federation urges parents to keep their children（59）.It says physical exercise helps to decrease the risk of obesity and （60）a child healthy.Obese children often become obese adults.（61）you believe your child is too heavy,talk with a health care provider.The World Heart Federation is also concerned about the effects of tobacco on young people.It says the younger someone begins to smoke,the （62）the chance of a health problem tied to smoking.Half of the young people who continue to smoke are （63）to die later in life from a smoking-related disease.The group says almost half of all children live with a smoker.It says children who live with a （64）can breathe an amount of tobacco equal to more than two thousand cigarettes.And that is by the time they are five years old.The World Heart Federation also says parents should warn children not to be（65）by tobacco companies.And it says parents who smoke should try to stop.AagainstBtowardCuponDonto 7.American DreamsThere is a common response to America among foreign writers:the US is a land of extremes where the best of things qre just as easily found as the worst.This is a cliche（陈词滥调）.In the land of black and white,people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world.But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone.（46） No class system or govemment stands in the way.Sadly,this old argument is no longer true.Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened.（47）Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 per cent.For the top 1 per cent,however,it has gone up 200 per cent.Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth.（48）Inequalities have grown worse in different regions.In California,incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 per cent since 1969.（49） This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans.The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth.There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty.At 12.7 per cent of the population,it is the highest percentage in the developed world.Yet the tax burden on Americas rich is falling,not growing.（50） There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole.But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.A、Nobody is poor in the US.B、The top 0.01 per cent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.C、For upper class families they have risen 41 per cent.D、Now it is 9.8 times.E、As it does so,the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.F、All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top. 8.第一篇Trying to Find a PartherOne of the most striking findings of a recent poll in the UK is that of the people inbterviewed,one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love Or are we making it harder for ourselves It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships.Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status.A man doesnt expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children.But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.In theory,finding a partner should be much simpler these days.Only a few generations ago,your choice of soulmate （心上人） was constrained by geography,social convention and family tradition.Although it was never explicit,many marriages were essentially arranged.Now those barriers have been broken down.You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening.When the world is your oyster （牡蛎）,you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice.The expectations of partners are inflated to an unmanageable degree:good looks,impressive salary,kind to grandmother,and right socks.There is no room for error in the first impression.We think that a relationship can be perfect.If it isnt,it is disposable.We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and dont put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship.Of course,this is complicated by realities.The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.The wordsustain（paragraph 2）could be best replaced byA.reduce.B.shake.C.maintain.D.weaken. 9.World Heart DaySunday was World Heart Day.The World Heart Federation and its member groups in more than one hundred countries organized the celebrations.The World Health Organization and other United Nations agencies provided support for the（51）.World Heart Day was first observed six years（52）.Organizers proposed the event as a way to help reduce the spread of heart disease.The World Heart Federation says heart（53）kills seventeen million people each year.The group urges people to be active and have a good,healthy diet.It also warns（54）activities known to increase a persons risk of heart attack or stroke.Some of the warnings are directed at children.The World Heart Federation says about twenty-two million boys and girls under the age of five are obese-severely overweight.Children are normally energetic and active.（55）,two thirds of all children are not active enough.Such children greatly（56）their risk of becoming obese.They also increase their（57）of developing heart disease or other disorders.One message of World Heart Day is to eat right.Children（58）eat a healthy and balanced diet.Also,limit sugary drinks,sweets and eating between meals.The World Heart Federation urges parents to keep their children（59）.It says physical exercise helps to decrease the risk of obesity and （60）a child healthy.Obese children often become obese adults.（61）you believe your child is too heavy,talk with a health care provider.The World Heart Federation is also concerned about the effects of tobacco on young people.It says the younger someone begins to smoke,the （62）the chance of a health problem tied to smoking.Half of the young people who continue to smoke are （63）to die later in life from a smoking-related disease.The group says almost half of all children live with a smoker.It says children who live with a （64）can breathe an amount of tobacco equal to more than two thousand cigarettes.And that is by the time they are five years old.The World Heart Federation also says parents should warn children not to be（65）by tobacco c