现在完成时态

时时 态态谓语动词的形式谓语动词的形式 一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时被动语态一般过去时被动语态现在完成时被动语态现在完成时被动语态do/doesdidbe(am/is/are)doinghave/has donewas/were donehave/has been done 定义：现在完成时表示到目前为止已经定义：现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成或刚好完成的动作，强调过去发生完成或刚好完成的动作，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果。的动作对现在的影响或结果。1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语连用。常与一些时间状语连用。现在完成现在完成时时结构：结构：have/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 如如:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice 等连用等连用,也可以也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语和包括现在在内的时间状语,如如these days,today,this year,so far,in the last/past two years等连用。等连用。3.already -yet 已经已经 用于肯定句用于肯定句用于否定句用于否定句,疑问句疑问句1.She has not seen this film _.She has _ seen this film.2.I have _ cut my hair.Have you cut your hair _?3.He has _ watched a video.He has not watched a video _.alreadyalreadyalreadyyetyetyetTranslate the following into English:1.你买了一本英语词典吗？是的，我是你买了一本英语词典吗？是的，我是刚才买的。刚才买的。2.你爸爸动身去上海了吗？是。何时出你爸爸动身去上海了吗？是。何时出发的？昨天早晨。发的？昨天早晨。Have you bought an English dictionary?Yes.I bought it just now.Has your father left for Shanghai?Yes.When did he start?He started yesterday morning.We have planted 3000 trees in the last three years.His father has got to Beijing already.Has his father got a computer?(have got)3.在过去三年里，我们种了在过去三年里，我们种了3000棵树。棵树。4.他的父亲已经到达北京。（他的父亲已经到达北京。（get to)5.他的父亲有一台电脑吗？他的父亲有一台电脑吗？2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持一直持续到现在续到现在,也许还将继续下去也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。用。即即for+时间段时间段,since+时间点时间点/从句从句,in the last ten years等等,谓语只可用延续性动词。谓语只可用延续性动词。five yearsfive 10 minutessincethree years agohe came herelast Fridayfor1.He has studied in our school_ he left Neijiang.2.They have known each other _ six years.3.We have been away from Chengdu _last week.sinceforsinceTurn the following into English:1.你学习英语多长时间了？你学习英语多长时间了？6年了。年了。2.她的母亲在威远住了她的母亲在威远住了10年了。年了。How long have you learnt English?For six years.Her mother has lived in Weiyuan since 10 years ago.4.现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词动词 英语动词根据词义可分为两种英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是一种是延续性的延续性的,一种是终止性的一种是终止性的,终止性动词终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词瞬间动词,或点或点动词动词),如如:become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,die,finish,get to know,go,join,marry,start,stop等。表示动作的发生等。表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时即不能与表示一段时间的状语间的状语,for+时间段时间段,since+时间点时间点/从句连用从句连用,也不能用在也不能用在how long引导的引导的特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句。初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become 等。等。终止性动词要表示持续时终止性动词要表示持续时,可用以下可用以下方法：方法：将时间状语改为时间段将时间状语改为时间段+ago,句句中谓语动词用一般过去时。中谓语动词用一般过去时。e.g.我弟弟参军两年了。我弟弟参军两年了。My brother joined the army two years ago.若保留若保留for+时间段时间段,since+时间点时间点/从句从句,或用在或用在 how long句型中句型中,则需将则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。续性动词。come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep put on-wear buy-have 常见终止性动词与延续性动词常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词或状态动词)的对应关系如下的对应关系如下:leave-be away(from)begin/start-be on fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member 1.吉姆买了这只钢笔两年了。吉姆买了这只钢笔两年了。Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 2011.It is two years since Jim bought this pen.It has been two years since Jim bought this pen.Jim bought this pen two years ago.2.李雷自从李雷自从2003年就参军。年就参军。3.那部电影开始那部电影开始30分钟了。分钟了。It has been two years since Jim bought this pen.Jim bought this pen two years ago.2.李雷自从李雷自从2003年就参军。年就参军。3.那部电影开始那部电影开始30分钟了。分钟了。Lilei has been in the army since 2003.The movie has been on for 30 minutes.The shop has been open since two years ago.The old man has been dead for five years.4.自从两年前这家商店就开了。自从两年前这家商店就开了。5.那个老人已经死了五年了。那个老人已经死了五年了。6.莉莉六年前就离开家了。莉莉六年前就离开家了。Lily has been away from her home since six years ago.2.has/have been to 去过某地表示某人的一种经历去过某地表示某人的一种经历,可可与与once,twice,already,ever,never等等连用。连用。have/has gone to 去某地了去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中目的地。在去某地的途中目的地。1.你去哪儿了？我去邮局了。你去哪儿了？我去邮局了。2.Tom现在不在这儿，他去澳大利亚了。现在不在这儿，他去澳大利亚了。3.她去美国了，她现在正在给我们讲一些关她去美国了，她现在正在给我们讲一些关于那儿的情况。于那儿的情况。have/has been in 逗留在某地逗留在某地(已经一段时间已经一段时间)。常和常和for ten days,since I came here等连用。等连用。1)Where is Jim?He _ Wuhan.2)My parents _ the Great Wall twice.They like there very much.3)_ you ever _ to the Happy valley?4)How long _ Peter _ the West Hill farm?have been to Have been to hasbeen in has gone to 5)My sister _ the shop.She will be back in two hours.6)She _ Shanghai.She isnt here.7)She _ Shanghai.She is here.8)She _ Shanghai for two years.has gone to has gone to has been to has been in 5.现在完成时中的现在完成时中的 for 与与 since的区别的区别 for+时间段与延续性动词的现在完成时连时间段与延续性动词的现在完成时连用用 since+时间点时间点/从句。从句。I have kept the library book for a week.=I have kept the library book since a week ago.It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since.自从某事发生已有一段时间了。自从某事发生已有一段时间了。eg.It is/has been two years since my brother joined the army.注意注意:1.since 引导的从句中动词用过去时。引导的从句中动词用过去时。2.when 引导引导 的特殊问句不与现在完的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用。成时连用。3.have got,has got 虽然是现在完成时虽然是现在完成时,但但 havehas got=havehas他有一辆漂亮的自行车。他有一辆漂亮的自行车。1.Its a long time since we _ (meet)last time,isnt it?2.-I know you _(choose)a picture book among these.-Yes,Have a look at it,please.3.So far,spaceships without people _(reach)the moon and some other parts of the universe.methave chosenhave reached4.My father _ home for nearly three weeks.A.has gone away from B.has left C.has been away from D.went away 5.Mr and Mrs Green have _ in China for a week.A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the given words.1.Every day my mother _(get)up early.2.The dinosaur eggs _(discover)many years ago by scientists.3.Listen!Some children _(sing)an English song over there.getswere discoveredare singing4.In our hometown there used to _(be)many old trees.5.My work _(not finish)yet.I cant go out to play with you.behasnt been finished【运用【运用】根据括号中所给动词根据括号中所给动词,用其正确时态填空。用其正确时态填空。1.Frank _(help)his mother with the housework on Sundays.2.I _(become)a middle school student three years ago.helpsbecame3.Hello!May I speak to your father,please?Sorry,my father _(go)to Shanghai.He went there this morning.4.Whats the noise?Jane and her sister _(watch)TV.has goneare watching5.They _(have)eggs and bread for breakfast tomorrow morning.6.He _(cross)the street when he was hit by a bike.was crossingwill have 用动词的正确形式填空。用动词的正确形式填空。On our way to the supermarket last weekend,my kids were excited about the beautiful snow.Then we found a man 1 (beg乞讨）乞讨）on the street.While we were in the market,my 5-year-old son asked,“2 he 2 (get)anything 3 (eat)?Can we 4 (buy)him something?”and his younger brother 5 (agree)with him.I looked at them and thought it was good that they wanted to help others.But I wanted to know whether they still 6 (choose)to do so when they had to give up 7 (do)something of their own.So I told them that we 8 (not have)enough money and had to give up some things we were going to buy.To my surprise,they answered,”Thats OK.Lets do something for him.Hes so poor.”9 (help)others was just a little thing.However,I was happy that my kids wanted to help people in trouble.That experience was just a start and in the following days,they always 10 (care)about others.And I know they 11 (do)more.Write a passage about the changes in your home town.写一篇短文介绍你写一篇短文介绍你的家乡的变化。的家乡的变化。