英语口译笔记技巧.ppt

口译笔记的技巧 Lecture 6: Note-taking in Interpreting The worst pen is better than the best memory. I. The importance of taking notes in interpreting Our short-term memory alone can not retain the amount of information the speaker gives in the act of interpreting. We need to employ other means to help with our retaining and retrieval of information. Notes are an aid to enhance the work of understanding, analysis and re-expression, the three activities of consecutive interpreting. The main use of notes is to relieve memory. Although an interpreter may have understood the main ideas of a speech, it is almost impossible for him/her to recall all the elements of a five-minute speech, particularly if it contains numbers, names, lists, since such elements cannot be recalled on the basis of analysis and logic. II. Features of Note-taking in Interpretation: 1 Immediateness (即时性 ) useless for preservation 2 Brevity (简短性 ) memory-trigger 记忆激发手段 framework 3. Individuality (个人性 ) can be creative, characteristic （ 例子 ） 第三产业已成为外商在穗投资的新热点。去年，新 批第三产业项目 1037个，吸收外资 44.4亿美元， 外商投资已从工业扩大到金融、保险、房地产、 商业、娱乐、教育和保健等领域。 1. Did I use complete sentences? They are generally a waste of time. 2.Did I use any form at all? Are my notes clear or confusing? 3.Did I capture main points and all subpoints? 4.Did I streamline using abbreviations and shortcuts? If you answered no to any of these questions(2-4), you may need to develop some new note-taking skills! 三产：热（广州） /外 .上 Yr1037OK 外 4.44bn$ 外 Fnc Ins 房 Com 娱 Ed 保健 IV. Suggestions for note-taking in interpretation: 1. Grasp the key words only. 2. Dont overemphasize on note-taking. 3. Use your familiar symbols and marks. 原则： 口译为主，笔记为辅； 笔记应体现信息的概念与结构 记下密度和难度高的信息 笔记的内容与符号，以多重利用为原则； 笔记的语言符号必须能够沟通； 笔记纸大小依口译员可控制的空间而定。 4. Suggested Language to Be Used in Note- taking: In reality, interpreters tend to use both languages interchangeably. the only rule: quick, clear and accurate e.g. 中国人民解放军 PLA 中华人民共和国 PRC responsibility 责 5. Basic guidelines for note-taking in CI 1) Use A 15cm X 20cm stenographers note- pad; avoid loose sheets. 2) Write only on one side of the sheets; use a good old lead pencil. 3) Notes should be easily readable, be well spread on the page, written in large characters, and one single sentence can even occupy one sheet. More advice: Notes must be unequivocal: for instance, an arrow pointing upward must be always used to represent one idea in the notes. Avoid inventing symbols or abbreviations in the course of a conference. Language used in your notes: SL and TL Write your notes vertically Use abbreviations Use whatever language that comes to your mind Use as many symbols as you feel comfortable with 6. Note-taking:What to note -Take down the main points of the speech, together with any amount of minor details you could manage (口译笔记的对象：概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机 构和逻辑关系 ) -Note down the main ideas. -Systematically note down the links between different ideas. -Note down the point of view being expressed. -Pay attention to verb tenses, conditional forms, and modal verbs. -Note down accurately the numbers, dates and proper names. But digest everything before taking notes! 7. The use of left-hand margin The left-hand margin is all-important, since in this section of the sheet the subjects of and the links between the sentences are to be noted. Some interpreters may choose to leave a left- hand margin of one to two centimeters for links only. Practice 2： 中国的对外政策是一贯的 ， 有三句话 ， 第一句话是反 对霸权主义 ， 第二句话是维护世界和平 ， 第三句话 是加强同第三世界的团结和合作 ， 或者叫联合和合 作 。 中 f.p. 一贯 3句 1） 反 h 2) 维 p 3) 团 /联 Tho: though, although, even though, while, in spite of, despite (concessive expressions) ; To: so as to, in order to/that, so that (expressions of purpose) ; Due: because, as, since, for, for this reason, now that, owing to, thanks to (expressions of cause); So: thus, therefore, hence, as a result of, consequently (expressions of result); But: however, still, yet, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless (Transitional expressions) 2) Suggested Symbols and Abbreviations to Be Used in Note-taking: 1. Picture marks: 2. The arrows “ ”: ( ) An arrow pointing to the right may stand for “export to”, “enter”, “arrive in”, “lead to”, “present to”, “give to”, “submit to”, “result in”, “send to” or “cause”. ( ) An arrow pointing to the left may indicate “come from”, “originate in”, “import from”, “receive from”, or “come back to”. ( ) An upward arrow can mean “grow”, “expand”, “develop”, “rise”, “go up”, “strengthen”, “increase”, “improve”, “launch”, “ascend”, “skyrocket”, or “promote”. ( ) A downward arrow may carry the meaning of “drop to”, “bomb”, “jump”, “decrease”, “descend”, “go down”, “deteriorate”, “demote” or “reduce”. 3. Mathematical symbols: Mathematical symbols such as “ ”, “ ”, “ ”, “ ”, “ ”, “”, “ ”, “ ” are very simple but precise. “ ” may stand for “plus”, “and”, “in addition to” or “furthermore”. “ ” may stand for “minus” or “lack”. “ ” may stand for “greater, larger or more than”, “better than”, “surpass”, “superior to”, “more and more”. “ ” may stand for “smaller/fewer/less than”, “worse than” or “inferior to”. “” may stand for “more than or equal to”. “” may stand for “less than or equal to”. “ ” may stand for “equal to”, “equal”, “the same as” or “a match/rival/competitor for somebody.” “” may stand for “not equal to”, “not match for”. “” may stand for “approximately”, “around”, or “or so”. “ ” may stand for “as ”, “because”, “owing to”, “due to” or “thanks to”. “ ”may stand for “consequently”, “so”, “therefore” or “as a result”. 5 Time marks: (1) y: 年 M:月 w: 周 h: 小时 m: 分 s: 秒 。 （ 2） 时间的前后用小数点 “.”表示 ， 点在前面 ， 表示 “几年 (月 ， 天 )前 ”； 点在后面 ， 表示 “几年 (月 ， 天 )后 ”， 所以： 3年前可以这样表示： . 3 y ; t o mo r r o w : d .; yesterday: .d; last week: .w; next week: w.; 2 years later: 2y.; today: d。 （ 3） 具体的年 、 月 、 日可按汉语习惯用阿拉伯数字记 ， 如： January 20th, 1978: 78. 1. 20 6. Country name marks: 中国：中 日本 : 日或 J 美国： US 韩国： K 英国： UK 法国： F 香港： HK 台湾： TW 澳门： OM 如果遇到一些容易混淆的国名 ， 可另外加入字母以区分 。 伊拉克 Iraq IK 印度 India ID 伊朗 Iran IR 印度尼西亚 Indonesia IN 瑞士 Switzerland Sz 巴基斯坦 Pakistan PK 瑞典 Sweden SD 巴勒斯坦 Palestine PL 7. Abbreviations : There are large numbers of abbreviations both in Chinese and English. They can be used in note-taking, e.g. UN - 联合国 UNICEF- 联合国儿童基金会 UNESCO- 联合国教科文组织 APEC- 亚太经合组织 ASEAN-东盟 GNP- 国民生产总值 CPC-中国共产党 OECD-经济合作与发 展组织 PICC- 中国人民保险公司 EU- 欧盟 纽约 - NY 洛杉矶 - LA 人大 - NPC 政协 - CPPCC Abbreviations can also be created with a good reason 社会保障体系 社保 野生动物保护区 -野区 北京市人民政府 -北府 物质文明和精神文明 -物 精 社会主义制度 -社 s 资本主义 - 资 四个现代化 -4M 北京 -BJ 上海 -SH 合资企业 -JV Five-Year Plan (五年计划 ) 5yP Foreign Invested Enterprises - FIE information industry - IT indy Foreign Direct Investment -FDI Note-taking: Example 1 because every child has the same needs, and the right to a basic education, the right to food, the right to shelter, and the right to basic health and every child needs a friend all same rights ed. shelter health need friend Note-taking: Example 2 Hungary has complained that its steel exports to the European Union are unable to develop because of excessively restrictive quotas. But the Union representative pointed out that quotas are still underused by Hungary by a large margin, so the quotas themselves didnt appear to be creating the difficulties could be noted down as follows: HU complained steel experts to EU cant develop because too strict tariff quotas But EU rep quotas underused by HU a lot So quotas not prob Note-taking: Example 2 HU: steel experts cannot develop to EU because tariff quotas too restrictive _ but EU: HU underuses a lot quotas so quotas not problem Example 3（原文） As an American manager of a Sino-American joint venture for two years, I have to say that there are differences in business management between Chinese and Americans./ We are more direct and straightforward than most Chinese Colleagues due to our different cultural traditions. / I cant say our way of doing business is absolutely superior. After all, there are strong points and weak points in both types of management./ in recent years, more and more American business executives have recognized the strong points of the more humane way of Chinese management. 例 3 (笔记） 美 经 中美合企 2 年 I 说 dif bus.man.中美 / we 更 直率 比 中 不同文传 / I x 我 bus. + 毕有 + but so have the less developed ones. This is the reason why today the WTO has 132 members, with 32 more countries interested in joining. 例 4 （笔记） Gatt = 催： g 贸 &经 | est exp. In 人历 / 关 |平 40% 1948 4% 今 g贸 |16 倍 400% |产出 rich| 不发 | So: 132 员 32 兴 例 5 （原文） 我们建设中国特色社会主义，就是遵循改革开放这 一当代中国发展的必由之路，经过若干代人的持续 奋斗，把我国建设成为富强，民主，文明的社会主 义现代化国家。摆脱贫穷落后，使祖国早日实现繁 荣昌盛，是全中国人民和整个中华民族梦寐以求的 共同愿望。中国是一个有着五千年文明史和 11亿以 上人口的东方大国。中国的振兴和富强，不仅是中 国人民，中华民族的幸福，也是为人类文明作出更 大贡献。中国的稳定与发展离不开世界的和平与发 展，世界的和平与发展也离不开中国的稳定与发展。 这已经为越来越多的人们所共识。 例 5 （笔记） 建 特 S-ism 改开路 几代人 富，民，文明 S-ism mod./ 脱贫 早昌 国 族 共同 w/ Ch 5000 1.1 b/ Ch 兴 富 国 族 hap 人 文 贡 / Ch sta &dev. x w p&dev./ m & m 共识 /