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语法专项复习 - Object Clause宾语从句 一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是 一个词或短语作宾语。 I like my teacher.（名词作宾语 ) I know him .（代词作宾语） I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作 宾语） 包含宾语从句的句子结构： 主句 +连接词（引导词） +宾语从句 二、宾语从句三要素 连 接 词 时 态 语 序 （一）连接词 1.that 2.whether/if 3.连接代词 who whom whose what which 4. 连接副词 when why where how。 注 ： that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分， 在口语当中往往省略 e.g. 1. I hear (that) _.（ 一小时后他 会回来） 2. He said (that) _（ 他非常想念我们） 3. The teacher told us (that) _.（ 地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun 注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从 句一律用一般现在时 由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句 e.g. 1. Ask him _. （ 他是否 能来） 2. I dont know _. （ 是否要下雨） whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not 当句末为 or not时，引导词只能用 whether而不能用 if. If 与 whether 的区别 1. I dont know _ he will come or not. 2. I dont care of _ he is handsome. 3. He wondered _ to stay here the next week. 4. _ he will come is not decided. 与 or not 连用只能用 whether 介词后只能用 whether 与 to do 不定式连用只能用 whether 作主语只能用 whether 由连接代词 what, whom, whose, which, what 及连接副词 when, where, how, why 引导的宾语从句 1. He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题 ） 2. Do you know_ （ 他们在等谁 ） 3. Please tell me _. （ 我们什么时候开会 ） who could answer this question who they are waiting for? when we will have a meeting 4. Can you tell me _ （ 他在哪儿 ） 5. Could you tell me _. （ 我该怎么去车站 ） 6. Would you tell me _ （ 为什么火车迟到了 ） where he is ? how I can get to the station ? why the train is late ? （二）语序：陈述句语序 即：陈述句结构（主 +谓 +其他成分） 将下列句子换成陈述句语序 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Are they doing homework? 三 . 宾语从句的语序 : 宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。 He asked the boy what was the matter with him ? 1.How old is he? Do you know? 2.Did you enjoy yourself at the party ? He asked me 3.Whats the matter with you ? He asked the boy Do you know how old he is? He asked me if I enjoyed myself at the party. 练一练 1. What is this ? 2. What are you doing ? 3. Where do you live ? 4. When does he get up ? 5. How did you go to work? 6. Who will you play with? 7. Who teaches you English ? 用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句 : 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me （三） 时态 (时态一致性） 1. 如果主句的时态是 一般现在时 ，宾语 从 句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以 是 _时态 。 I know what he likes. I know what he is doing. I know what he did just now I know what he will do. I know what he was doing. 任 何 2. 如果主句的时态是 一般过去时 ，宾语从句只能用 相应的 _时态 （一般过去时， 过去进行 时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 过去 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是 客观真理 ，即使 主句用了 过去时 ，从句仍用 _ 时态 。 例如： The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. 一般现在 三 、宾语从句与简单句的转换 （一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语 动词是 hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等时，从句可简化为不 定式 结构。 eg: (1)I hope that I can receive your e-mail. I hopeto receive your e-mail _. (二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。 eg: (2) She doesnt know what she should do next. She doesnt know_. (三）当主句的谓语动词是 ask, tell, show, teach 等时，从句可 简化为“疑问词 +不定式”结构。 eg: (3) Will you please show me how I can work it out? Will you please show me _. (四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用 ask/tell/order Sb. (not) to do sth 结构。 eg: (4)A: Please be quiet. B: What did Bill say? A: He asked us to be quiet. what to do next how to work it out Do you know _? A. where does she live B. she lives where C. where she lives D. where she live 2. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will do C B 巩固练习： I从下列 A、 B、 C、 D中选择一个正确选项填空。 4 Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _? A. what Lily was B. what was Lily C. where Lily was D. where was Lily C 3. We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada. A. what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here C 5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled A C 7. Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow? A. if B. weather C. what D. which A 8. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing C 当堂检测 完成中考宝典 P189 练习 II.改错 ： 1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school. _ Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school. 2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east. _ Father told me the sun always rises in the east. 3.He doesnt know that when she can come back. _ He doesnt know when she can come back. 宾 语 从 句 小 结 一 .结构 1. 当陈述句作宾语从句时 , 结构 :主句 +that + 主语 +谓语部分 2. 当一般疑问句作宾语从句时 ,结构 :主句 + if(whether) +主语 +谓语部分 3.当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时 ,结构 :主句 +特殊疑问词 +主语 +谓语部分 二主从时态关系 主句 从句 一般现在时 一般过去时 3.(特殊 ):任何时态 (客观、自然现象 ) 三 .语序：陈述语序 时态不变 时态相应变化 一般现在时
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