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介词类单词、词组辨析,1. after, behind 【辨析】 (1)after意为“在(时间)之后”， 也可意为“在(地点)之后”，表示次序。 (2)behind后面接表示地点的名词时，意为“在后面”，着重指位置的前后；偶尔也指时间，表示“按照一定的时刻而迟了”的意思。,【举例】 He came after ten oclock. 他十点以后来的。 “Against” comes after “again” in this dictionary. 在这本字典中“against”排在“again”之后。 The garden is behind the house. 花园在房子后面。 You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。,【演练】 ( )1. Two days _ his arrival, I called on him. A. after B. behind C. later D. in ( )2. I walked out and closed the door _ me. A. before B. after C. behind D. outside,A,C,2. after all， above all， in all， all in all， first of all 【辨析】 (1)after all意为“毕竟；终究；到底”，表示一种让步语气，通常放句首。 (2)above all意为“首要的是；尤其； 最重要的是”，强调需要特别注意的地方，通常放句首。 (3)in all意为“总共；合计”，与in total, altogether同义，通常放句中或句尾。,(4)all in all意为“大体而言；总之”，与in a word同义，通常放句首。 (5)first of all意为“首先”，通常放句首。 【举例】 After all， it is not her fault， so dont blame it on her. 这毕竟不是她的错，所以不要因此而责备她。 Above all， we are still friends. 最重要的是，我们仍然是朋友。,24 monkeys in all. They all gathered near this plant. 一共24只猴子。它们都聚集在这棵植物周围。 All in all， it has been a great success. 总的来说，非常成功。 First of all， you should know what job suits you. 首先，你该知道什么职业适合你。,【演练】 ( )1. _， hes an excellent teacher. A. All in all B. In the word C. In all D. In a short ( )2. _， the small company has raised 385 million dollars. A. In end B. In all C. Of all D. At all,A,B,( )3. He is sure to come. _， hes already accepted the invitation. A. Above all B. After all C. All in all D. First of all,B,3. ago, before 【辨析】 (1)ago意为“以前”，指从此刻起若干时间以前，通常与过去时连用。 (2)before 意为“以前”，指从那时起若干时间以前，通常与完成时、过去时等连用。before还可用作前置词或连接词表时间，而ago则不能这样用。before可作介词、副词或连词。,【举例】 It happened two days ago. 这件事发生在两天以前。 He said that he had seen her two days before. 他说他两天前见到过她。(表示从她说话那时起的两天前) 【演练】 ( )1. I met him a few minutes _. A. before B. front C. ago D. after ( )2. I have seen that film _. A. after B. ago C. before D. since,C,C,4. like，as 【辨析】 两者都可表示“像一样”, 但它们的区别在于：like是介词，用于名词、代词、动名词之前；as是连词，用于分句之前。但在口语中，like往往也可用作连词，并可与as互换。当表示职业、身份、作用等意义时，两者都作介词，此时的区别在于：as 意为“作为”，表示比较的双方具有同一性(即同属一类或完全相似)；like意为“像”，只表示在某些方面相似。,【举例】 Like me, she enjoys all kinds of music. 她和我一样, 各种音乐都喜爱。 She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do. 她各种音乐都喜爱, 和我一样。 Nobody understands him like/as I do. 没有人能像我这样理解他。(口语中，like也可作连词。) He worked as a slave. 他是奴隶。(即：他实际上就是奴隶。) He worked like a slave. 他像奴隶一样工作。(即：他工作很辛苦，但仍是自由人，不是奴隶。),【演练】 ( )1. Do everything _ I do. A. as B. after C. that D. likes ( )2. He _ his mother. A. like B. looks like C. be like D. as,A,B,( )3. She _ a teacher for many years. A. is like B. works C. works as D. work for ( )4. Our doctor always talks to me _ a teacher talking to a child. A. as B. like C. likes D. liking,C,B,5. at the end of， by the end of， in the end 【辨析】 at the end of意为“在的尽头/末端(可以指时间，也可以指空间)”，其反义词组是at the beginning of。by the end of意为“到(时间)末”, 多用于完成时。in the end意为“最后；终于”，可单独使用，后面没有of，其同义词(组)为finally， at last。,【举例】 Who says that well have an exam at the end of this month？ 谁说这个月末我们会举行考试？ Weve learned about 9, 000 words by the end of this semester. 到这个学期末为止，我们已学了大约9，000个单词。 He tried many times， and in the end， he succeeded. 他尝试了很多次，最后，他成功了。,【演练】 ( )1. Im sure everything will work out by itself _. A. at the end B. by the end of C. in the end D. in the end of ( )2. Well have an exam _ January. A. in the end B. at the end C. at the end of D. by the end of,C,C,( )3. _ last term we had learned 16 units of Book III. A. By the end of B. In the end C. At the end of D. To the end,A,6. among, between, in the middle of 【辨析】 (1)among意为“在之中/中间”， 指三者或三者以上，通常表示某一范围。 (2)between意为“在之间”，指在两者之间，常与and 连用。 (3)in the middle of意为“在中间”，指在某事物中间，强调事物两端的中间。,【举例】 Someone is wrong among us. 我们中间有人错了。 There is a river between us. 在我们两人之间有一条河。 Im standing between a house and a big tree. 我站在一座房子和一棵大树中间。 There is a bus stop in the middle of the road. 在这条公路中间有个公交车站。,【演练】 ( )1. There is a small village _ the three mountains. A. between B. at C. below D. among ( )2. I used to spend a lot of time travelling _ London and Paris. A. from B. among C. in the middle of D. between,D,D,( )3. He is standing _ the classroom. A. among B. between C. in the middle of D. at,C,7. be good for， be good at， be good to， be good with 【辨析】 be good for意为“对有好处”，反义词组是be bad for，意为“对有坏处”。 be good at (doing)意为“在方面(学得、做得)好；擅长”，近义词组是do well in (doing)。be good to意为“对好；对仁慈(和善)”。be good with意为“与相处融洽”，同义短语为get along/on well with。,【举例】 Sleeping too much is actually bad for your health. 睡得太多对你的身体健康反而不好。 Some of the children are good at learning languages. 其中一些孩子擅长学习语言。 Our doorkeeper is good to everyone in the factory. 我们的门卫对工厂里每个人都很好。 Try to be good with your new neighbors， thats good for you. 努力与你的新邻居相处好，那对你有好处。,【演练】 ( )1. Mandy _ English. A. is good for B. is good to C. does well in D. is well at ( )2. To be a teacher in a kindergarten(幼儿园)， first you should learn to be good _ kids. A. of B. with C. at D. for,C,B,( )3. Eating vegetables _ our health. A. are good for B. is good with C. are good at D. is good for ( )4. Was Jim good at _ short stories? A. wrote B. write C. writing D. to write,D,C,8. across， cross, through， past, pass 【辨析】 (1)across， through， past作介词。across意为“横跨；横穿；穿越”，与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过；越过；横穿”的意思，与cross基本同义；across (from)还可以表示“在/到对面”。 through意为“穿过；通过；贯穿；透过”，常与go， walk等动词连用，主要表示从物体内部穿过，如穿过森林、隧道等。past作介词时，意为“过去；经过”；作名词或形容词时，意为“过去(的)”。,(2)cross， pass是动词。cross意为“横过；交叉”， 主要表示在物体表面上横穿，如横过马路、过桥、过河等，与go across同义。pass意为“经过；穿过；渡过”， 相当于动词后面接past， 如go/travel/run past。pass by意为“走过；路过”。,【举例】 Be careful when you cross (go/walk across) the street. 过马路时要小心。 As Sam passed (walked past) the museum door， a fire broke out. 当山姆经过博物馆门口时，一场大火爆发了。,The Great Green Wall is across the northwest of China. 绿色长城横跨中国西北。 Go across (=Cross) the road， you will find the post office on your left. 横过这条公路，你会发现邮局就在你的左边。 The two friends were walking through the forest. 这两个朋友正沿着森林走。 After they went past (=passed) the forest， they came to a river. 他们穿过那片树林后，来到了一条河边。,【演练】 ( )1. Three months _ and then one morning， Sam found his wallet outside his front door. A. passed B. past C. crossed D. pass ( )2. The river runs _ our city. A. across B. through C. cross D. pass ( )3. Before walking _ the bridge, buy some drinks in the store. A. cross B. across C. through D. crossing,A,B,B,9. except, besides, but, except for, beside 【辨析】 这四个词里，except和besides是中考重点。 (1)except 表示“除之外(没有)”，强调所排除的“不包括在内”，一般表示在同类的整体中除去一个部分。 (2)besides表示“除了(还有)”，指在整体中加入一部分，有“加上”之意。,(3)but表示“除之外”，与except的用法基本相同，但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯置于every/all/ any/nobody/nothing/no/who等词后面。 (4)except for也表示“除以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正，其后所接的词同句子中的整体词(主语)不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节、一个方面。 (5)beside是方位介词，表示 “在旁边”，相似于near, next to等。,【举例】 I like all the fruit except pears. 除了梨外，我喜欢所有的水果。 What have you done this morning, besides reading newspapers and watching TV? 除了看报纸和看电视之外，你今天上午还做了些什么？ Nobody was late but her. 除她之外，没有人迟到。,The film is perfect except for a few shots. 如果除去那几个镜头, 这部影片就很完美了。 They are used to taking a walk on the path beside the river. 他们习惯于在河边的小路上散步。 【演练】 ( )1. _ his wife，his daughter also went to see him. A. Besides B. Beside C. But D. Except,A,( )2. Nobody went to see him _ his wife. A. expect B. except C. besides D. except for ( )3. Do you know any other foreign language _ English? A. except B. but C. beside D. besides,B,D,( )4. They all went to see the film except _. A. she B. her C. us D. hers ( )5. I moved from behind my desk to sit _ her. A. besides B. except C. near to D. beside,B,D,10. since, from, for 【辨析】 三者都能用来表示时间，但用法不同。 (1)since 意为“自从”，所表示的是一个时间点。它既可以用作介词，又可以用作连词，后接时间名词或短语，也可以用来引导时间状语从句。主句的谓语动词用完成时态，且为延续性动词；而since引导的从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时，且为短暂性动词。,(2)from 意为“自从”， 只用作介词，表示一个事情的开始点，可用于过去、现在或将来时态。 (3)for作介词，后面接时间段，用于完成时、现在时、过去时和将来时，句中要用延续性动词。,【举例】 He has worked there since 1989. 从1989年起，他就在那里工作了。 She has been living here since she moved here. 自从她搬到这里来以后，她就一直住在这里。 They worked from 7:00 to 12:00 this morning. 他们今天早晨从七点工作到十二点。,Well stay here for ten minutes. 我们将在这儿待10分钟。 They have studied English for three years. 他们已经学英语三年了。 My aunt has worked in the clinic since nine years ago. 我姑姑从九年前到现在一直在这家诊所工作。(注意区别：My aunt worked in the clinic nine years ago. 我姑姑九年前在这家诊所工作。),My aunt has been working in the clinic for nine years. 我姑姑在这家诊所工作九年了。(句中的for nine years相当于前句中的 since nine years ago。) 【演练】 ( )1. Two weeks has passed since the new term_. A. has begun B. began C. begins D. was begun,B,( )2. I _ Mary since she was a little girl. A. knew B. have known C. know D. began to know ( )3. I have lived here _ more than twenty years ago. A. since B. for C. from D. /,B,A,( )4. Breakfast is available to fishermen _ 6:00 to 7:30 a.m. A. from B. for C. Since D. at ( )5. Theyve been in China _ one and a half years. A. in B. for C. every D. after,A,B,11. in， after， later 【辨析】 三者都含有“在以后”的意思。区别如下： (1)in作介词，用来表示从现在算起的“过一段时间以后”，常用于将来时。 (2)after可作介词，其后既可接时间点，又可接时间段。如果after用于一般将来时，那么其后只接时间点。 (3)later作副词，可以指过去，也可指将来，常常放在表示时间段的名词之后。,【举例】 They will arrive in half an hour. 半小时后他们将到达。 He started to go again after two days. 两天以后，他又走了。 At first she was asleep. Half an hour later(After half an hour) she woke up. 开始她睡着了，半小时后醒来了。,【演练】 ( )1. Four days _, they reached the island. A. after B. on C. later D. in ( )2. Well meet him _ two oclock. A. in B. for C. after D. later,C,C,( )3. The 30th Sports Meeting will be held in this city _ about six weeks this year. A. at B. on C. after D. in,D,12. in， on， at 【辨析】 in， on， at后面均可以接时间，表示“在(时候)”。区别如下： (1)in除了接时间段用在将来时中，还可接年份、季节、月份等，或者用在一些固定短语当中。 (2) on后接具体的一天或者具体一天的上午、下午或晚上，或者用在一些固定短语当中。 (3)at后接具体时刻，或者用在一些固定短语当中。,【举例】 in 2008 在2008年； in winter 在冬季； in August， 1938 在1938年8月； in the end 最后；终于；in a minute 立刻；马上；in time 及时 on August 28th， 1938 在1938年8月28号； on Monday 在星期一；on Christmas Day 在圣诞节；on a cold， wet morning 在一个寒冷、潮湿的早晨；on Sunday evening 在星期天晚上；on weekends 在周末；on time 准时,at half past six 在六点半；at midnight 在半夜；at breakfast 在早餐时；at first 首先；at the moment 现在；此时；at that time 在那时；at this time of day 在一天中的这个时候,【演练】 ( )1. When was David born？ He was born _ June 12th, 1989. A. at B. in C. on D. for ( )2. The charity work begins _ 9:00 a.m. Dont be late. No problem. A. in B. at C. on D. to,C,B,( )3. How soon will Rachel come home? _ half a month. A. In B. On C. For D. At,A,13. in， with， by 【辨析】 三者都可以用来表示方式，意为“用”。区别如下： (1) in表示“用方式；用语言(或语调、笔墨、颜色等)”。 (2) with表示“用工具(具体有形的工具)”。 (3) by 表示“以方法、手段；搭乘某种交通工具；传达、传递的方式或媒介等”。,【举例】 Whats this in English？ 这个用英语怎么讲？ He broke the window with a stone. 他用一块石头击碎了玻璃。 He makes a living by selling newspapers. 他以卖报为生。 My elder brother gets to school by bus every day. 我哥哥每天乘公交车去上学。,【演练】 ( )1. Whos the girl _ white？ A. in B. of C. under D. with ( )2. I can sing it _ French. A. of B. in C. with D. by,A,B,( )3. Please fill the bottle _ water. A. by B. with C. in D. of ( )4. Do you go to school _ bike or on foot？ A. on B. in C. by D. with,B,C,
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