高三语法复习形容词和副词

高三语法复习 形容词和副词,形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点，每年都有一致两道题。主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生： 1.能否根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断该用所给词的形容词形式还是副词形式填空 例1(2012年)Mary felt 18 _(please), because there were many empty seats in the room. 解析：在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，表示“高兴的”，填。,形容词副词与广东高考,pleased,例2 (2011年)He must be 20 _ (mental) disabled. 解析：修饰分词形容词作状语，用副词，故填。 例3 (2010年) His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 _(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. 解析：修饰动词smiled，作状语，用副词形式，故填。,mentally,warmly,例4(2009年)But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 _(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析：在形容词性物主代词后一定是用名词形式，故填。,choice,2.能否根据语境判断用所给形容词或副词的比较级填空。 例5(2012年)It might have made it a little 21 _(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around 解析：作宾补依然是要用形容词，所以词类不用转换，可考虑比较级；句中a little常用来修饰比较级，表示“更难一点”，故填harder。,harder,1.形容词是作定语、表语、补语的典型词类。因此,在做语法填空时,若句子缺定语、表语或补语,要首先想到用形容词。 2.副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子。 3.形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型。,解题思路分析：,高考考查：, 考点归纳 考点一形容词、副词的功能 1形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补足语，但有时也作状语，表示伴随、原因等。如： (1).We find the boy considerate.(宾语补足语) (2). He walked in the snow, cold and hungry.(伴随状语) (3). Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road.(原因状语), 考点归纳 考点一形容词、副词的功能 2副词作状语主要是用作修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语等，还可以修饰句子和连接上下句子顺序。如： (1)He spoke English fairly fluently.(修饰谓语动词) (2)Fortunately, none of them was hurt.(修饰整个句子，作出评论) (3)His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.(连接性状语),规则1：形容词作状语是形容主语的性质，而副词作状语则修饰动词。如： He walked home slowly. 他慢慢地步行回家了。 He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他到家时又累又饿。,规则2：有些副词像fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子开。 如：Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem. Personally, I dont think he will interview you.,考点二形容词的位置 1形容词作后置定语的几种情况 规则1：当形容词修饰由some，any，no，every构成 的复合不定代词，如something，anything，nothing 等时置于不定代词后。如： Is there anything new in todays newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么新的东西吗？ 规则2：当“形容词介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时置于被修饰名词后。如： There is a bag full of rice on his table. 他的桌上有满满一袋米。,规则3：else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。 规则4：有些表语形容词作定语时后置，如afraid， alone，awake，asleep，alive，ashamed，worth等。 如： Tom was the only boy awake at that time. 汤姆是那时唯一醒着的男孩。 规则5：有些形容词既可位于所修饰的名词之前，也可位于所修饰的名词之后，其意思可能不变，也可能大不相同。 如：a nearby school a school nearby 附近的学校； the present situation 目前的形势； the people present 在场的人们。,2多个形容词排序 规则：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。即：限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)描绘性形容词(beautiful, interesting)大小、长短、高低形容词形状、年龄、新旧形容词颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词用途、类别形容词中心名词。 如：a big round conference table 一张大的圆会议桌 a small shiny black leather handbag 一只小的闪亮的黑色皮包 a blue German sports car 一辆蓝色德国跑车 her charming small round pink face 她迷人的红润的小圆脸,副词的位置： (1). 几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如： We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. （2）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。 （3）副词作定语，定语后置。如： The person there is waiting for you.,(3)作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如： Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. (4）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。 下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而 非副词： lively、 lonely、lovely、deadly、 friendly、ugly、 silly、 likely、 brotherly、timely 、 daily 、weekly 、 yearly 、manly等。,表本意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副 词： deep深 deeply深入地,非常 low位置低 lowly地位卑微 wide宽广 widely广泛地 high高 highly高度地 ，非常 near接近地 nearly几乎，差不多 有无-ly意义大不相同的副词： dead 完全，绝对be dead asleep deadly非常 be deadly tired,pretty相当,prettily漂亮地,be pretty certain that be prettily dressed,close近,closely密切地,Dont sit close. Watch closely!,late晚、迟,lately最近,arrive late, come late I havent seen him lately (recently).,hard 努力，,hardly 几乎不,He works hard. He hardly works.,1) 规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词， 加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级单音节词 talltaller tallest 以e结尾 nicenicer nicest large wise wide 双写 bigbigger biggest hot thin fat,形容词与副词的比较级,以辅音+y,改为i，再加er或 est easy easier easiest busy happy noisy heavy lucky lazy angry 2)少数双音节词加-er clevercleverer cleverest narrow simple common quiet polite,3)其他双音节词和多音节词, 在前面加more，most important difficult easily busily 4)少数单音节词在前面加more，most pleased tired fond glad 5)有些词没有比较级 right wrong sure present daily dead wooden middle western Asian round empty perfect enough,6) 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/ well betterbest bad/ ill worse worst old older/elder oldest/eldest much/many more most little lessleast far farther/further farthest/furthest late later / latter latest,不规则变化,练习,hard useful few little well careful big hot great many busy fat expensive beautiful important difficult happy good large old fast easily high far,hard useful few little well careful big hot great many busy fat expensive beautiful important difficult happy good large old fast easily high far,hard useful few little well careful big hot great many busy fat expensive beautiful important difficult happy good large old fast easily high far,hard,原级 比较级 最高级,harder,hardest,useful,few,most useful,more useful,fewer,fewest,little,less,least,well,better,best,careful,more careful,most careful,great,greater,greatest,many,more,most,busy,busier,busiest,fat,fatter,fattest,expensive,more expensive,most expensive,原级 比较级 最高级,beautiful,more beautiful,most beautiful,important,more important,most important,difficult,more difficult,most difficult,happy,happier,happiest,good,better,best,large,larger,largest,old,older/elder,oldest/eldest,fast,faster,fastest,easily,more easily,most easily,high,higher,highest,far,farther/further,farthest/furthest,6.形容词变副词的方式 1)多数形容词 + ly careful useless curious silent sure political surprising general 2) 以-le结尾的,去e加y gentle simple possible probable reasonable terrible unbelievable,形容词变副词的方式,3)以辅音+ y 结尾的, 改y为i，再加ly angry -angrily busy easy lucky heavy happy noisy 4) 以-ll 结尾的,直接加y full smell dull 5) 特殊情况 true whole dry shy truly wholly dryly shyly,练习,terrible possible simple great deep true easy comfortable public happy full careful high wide clear fortunate hurried,terribly,possibly,simply,greatly,deeply,truly,easily,comfortably,publicly,happily,fully,carefully,highly,widely,clearly,fortunately,hurriedly,willing careless fluent rapid sad slow sudden unexpected lucky personly surprising heavy conscious constant continuous consequent,willingly,carelessly,fluently,rapidly,sadly,slowly,suddenly,unexpectedly,luckily,personally,surprisingly,heavily,consciously,constantly,continuously,consequently,考点三形容词、副词的比较级 1比较结构的使用原则： 规则1：同级比较要使用： (1)asadj./adv.as； (2)asadj.名词as。 规则2：比较级前可用much，far，a lot， a little，a bit， rather， even， still， a great deal 等表示程度，但比较级前不能再用more。 如： She sings far/much better than the others. 她唱得比别人好得多。,规则3：比较级用于否定句中表示最高级的意思。如： It cant be worse. 不可能再糟糕了。 There is no greater love than that given by parents in the world.父母之爱，是世间最伟大的爱。 规则4：最高级可用by far、nearly、by no means和序数词等修饰，置于最高级之前。如： He is the second tallest boy in our class.,2倍数表达法的三种基本句型 句型1：A is 倍数as原级as B如： This tree is three times as tall as that one. 句型2： A is 倍数比较级than B如： The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 句型3： A is 倍数the size/length/weight/heightof B 如： The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.,温馨提示 用times表示倍数时，一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍常用twice或double。,3考点结构与句型 规则1：“the比较级，the比较级” 结构，意为“越，越”。 规则2：“比较级and比较级”结构，意为“越来越”，表示程度逐渐变化。如： Our life is getting better and better. 规则3：A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”如： Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。,温馨提示 常见的比喻结构还有：as free as a bird，as hungry as a wolf，as strong as a horse，as clever as a fox，as busy as a bee等等。,规则4：cant be tooadj. cant beadj.enough 无论都不为过，越越 如： You can never be careful enough. You can never be too careful. 你无论怎么小心都不为过。,规则5：tooto句型的两个意义 (1)表示否定意义，意为“太而不能”。如：This question is too hard for me to understand. (2)表示肯定意义，意为“非常，很，极”。当too后面接easy，ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时，too表示“很，非常”之意，与very表达“很”的意思相同。当too前有all, but, only等词时，形成only /but/all tooto do结构，仍旧表达“非常，很，极”之意。如： Im too glad to hear that. 我对此感到非常高兴。,规则6：与than有关的考点短语 (1)morethan是而不是；与其说不如说 如： That little girl is more tired than hungry. 那个小女孩是累了而不是饿了。(与其说那个小女孩饿了，还不如说她累了。) (2)no more thanonly 只不过(言其少) (3)not more thanat most 不多于，至多( 指事实) (4)no less thanas much as 和一样多,(5)no fewer than as many as 和一样多 (6)rather than“而非，不；宁愿也不” (would/had ratherthan) (7)other than常译为“除之外；不同于”； 在否定结构中，形成 no/not/nothing other than 的结构搭配。 常译为“正是、恰好是，除了别无” 。 (8)more than a little “非常，很”。 (9)more often than not “经常，在大多数情况下”。,1要避免重复使用比较级。 He is more cleverer than his brother. （ ） He is more clever than his brother.（ ） He is cleverer than his brother.（ ）,正确使用形容词和副词,2要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 China is larger than any country in Asia. （ ） China is larger than any other country in Asia. （ ）,正确使用形容词和副词,3比较的对象要一致。 The weather in China is different from America. （ ） The weather in China is different from that in America. （ ）,正确使用形容词和副词,解析 句意：中国的天气与美国的天气 不同。比较的是天气而不是国家，比较 的对象要一致，因此用that代替前面的不 可数名词weather。,4要避免表语形容词用作定语，只有部分表语形容词可作定语。 Entering the room, I saw an afraid girl crouching in the corner. （ ） Entering the room, I saw a frightened girl crouching in the corner. （ ）,正确使用形容词和副词,解析 afraid是表语形容词，不能作定语，而frightened是过去分词转化的普通形容词，可以作 定语。,5不要把连接性副词当连词使用。 (1) He takes no interest in studies, instead, he plays tennis all day. （ ） （2）He takes no interest in studies. Instead, he plays tennis all day. （ ） （3） He takes no interest in studies and instead, he plays tennis all day. ( ),正确使用形容词和副词,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：,1. The bee is about 40 million years _ (old) than previously found bees.,2. After we received the heart and the scalpel(), the teacher gave us _ (far) instructions: “Ok, we are going to ”.,3. Anne Sullivan was the tutor and lifelong friend and assistant to Hellen Keller. She was the _ (old)child of Thomas and Alice Sullivan.,older,further,oldest,4. He tried to cover himself with a leaf, but it was of no use the raindrops fell thicker and faster. And he grew much _ (wet) with every minute.,wetter,5. The man felt excited having the _ (smart) parrot but he could not understand why the parrot would not say Catano.,6. And her condition has gone even _ (bad) in recent months.,smartest,worse,