高考英语写作-可能使用到的重要句型

一、在英语写作可能使用到的重要句型1）以形式主语it引导的有关句型: （1）“It is / was被强调的部分that(who)+剩余的部分.”例如：It wasnt until he came back that I went to bed.“直到他回来我才睡觉”(一定要注意被强调句型谓语动词否定的转移及形式)。 It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school today.“只因为他有病了今天没有来上学”（只能用because而不能用for, as 或since） It is I who am a student. “我确实是个学生”。（2）“It happened（chanced）that +clause. = sb. happened /chanced sth. =sb.did sth. by chance.” 例如： It happened that he was out when I got there.“当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在”He happened to be out when I got there.= It chanced that he was out when I got there= He was out by chance when I got there. （3）“It seems that sb. do/ be doing/ have done/ had done= Sb. seems to do/ be doing/ have done/ had done”（还有动词appear可这样使用）例如：It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.“好像你以去过北京”He seemed to have been Beijing before. （4）“It is high time (time/ about time) (that) 主语should do / did+其它”（注意从句中的谓语动词用的是虚拟语气） 例如：It is high time that we should go / went home.我们该回家了。 （5）“It is / was said ( reported)that+从句.” 例如：It was said that he had read this novel.“据说他读过这篇小说”He was said to have read this novel. （6）“It is impossible / necessary/ strangethat clause.”(从句中的谓语用shoulddo / should have done，其形式是虚拟语气) 例如：It is strange that he should have failed in this exam.真奇怪，他这次考试没有及格。 （7）“It is + a pity/ a shamethat clause.” (注意从句中的谓语动词用should do或should have done的形式，但should可以省略) 例如：He didnt come back until the film ended. It was a pity that he should have missed this film. “他直到电影结束才回来。他没有看到这部电影真可惜”（8）“It is suggested / ordered/ commanded /that +clause.” (从句的谓语动词用should do, 但should可以省略) 例如： It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.“有人建议推迟会议”。（9）“It is/was表示地点的名词where+从句” （注意本句不是强调句型，而是以where引导的定语从句） 例如：It was this house where I was born.请比较：It was in this house that I was born.(后一句是强调句型。) （10）“It is / was +表示时间的名词when+从句” （注意本句型也不是强调句型，而是以when引导的定语从句） 例如：It was 1999 when he came back from the United States. 请比较：It was in 1999 that he came back from the United States. （11）“It is well-known that从句” 例如：It is well-known that she is a learned woman.“众所周知，她是个知识渊博的妇女”。（12）“It is +段时间since+主语did.” / “It was +段时间since+主语had done.” 例如：It is five years since he left here.“他已经离开这儿五年了”。It was five years since he left here.（同上） （14）“It +谓语段时间before+主语谓语”（before引导的是时间状语从句） 例如：It wasnt long before the people in that country rose up.“没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了”It will be three hours before he comes back.“三个小时之后他才能回来”（15）“It is +形容词for+ sb.+ to do.” 例如：It is impossible for me to finish this work before tomorrow.“我明天之前完成此工作是不可能的”（16）“It is +（心理品质方面的）形容词of + sb. +to do.”= “主语+ be +形容词to do.”(常用的形容词有：kind, stupid; foolish, good, wise等) 例如：It is kind of you to help me.You are kind to help me.“你真好给我提供了帮助”2）定语从句中的有关句型： （1）由as引导的非限定性的定语从句。例如：As we have known, he is a most good student.“众所周知，他是个很好的学生”请比较：It is well-known that he is a most good student.（前一个是定语从句，而后者是个主语从句）（2）由which引导的非限定性的定语从句。例如：He is a professor, which I have been looking forward to becoming.“他是个教授，那是我一直盼望的职业”（因为先行词professor是表示职业的名词，因此引导词用which，而不用who。（注意：关于which和as之间的比较请看语法的定语从句部分。） （3）由where, when引导的定语从句（其中包括限定性的或非限定性的） 例如：This is the house where I used to come.请比较：This is the house which / that I used to come to. This is the day when I joined the Party.请比较：This is the day which / that I joined the Party on. 说明：关于that与which之间的区别，请看语法中的定语从句。 3）让步状语从句中的有关句型：“No matter what / which / who / where / when / whose从句，主句”（注意从句中的时态一般情况用一般现在时态） 例如：No matter what you do, you must do it well.请比较：Whatever you do, you must do it well. “无论你做什么，一定要做好”No matter where you go, please let me know.请比较：Wherever you go, please let me know.“你无论去哪儿，请通知我”说明：这两种句型形式不同，而意义完全相同。注意：I will tell whoever would like to read it.句中的whoever不能用whomever来代替，因为它既作动词tell的宾语，又作后面从句的主语。 4）条件状语从句的有关句型：（1）“When / So long as / As long as / Once +从句，主句”（从句也可以放在主句之后）例如：As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.“只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走”Once you have begun to learn English, you should learn it well. “一旦你开始学习英语，你应该把它学好”（2）“主句on condition that+从句” 例如：I will go with you on condition that you give me some money.“我和你一起去的条件是你给我一些钱”（3）“主句unless+从句.”(注意：由于unless本身是否定词，所引导的从句的谓语动词用肯定) 例如：I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.“我明天去那儿除非下雨”（4）“祈使句，and/ and then+主句”（注意：祈使句也可用一个名词短语） 例如：Use your head, and you will find a good idea.“动脑筋想一想，你就会想出一个好主意”Another word, and I will beat you.“你再说一句，我就揍你”（5）“If +necessary / impossible/ important等，主句” 例如：If necessary, I will do it. “如果有必要的话，我来做此事。”5）原因状语从句的有关句型 （1）“主句in case+从句”（in case表示以免） 例如：I will take my raincoat in case it rains.我要把雨衣带上以免下雨。 （2）“主句due to / because of / owning to / + the fact that +从句” 例如：He did not come to school because of the fact that he was ill.“由于他有病了，所以没有来上学”6）时间状语从句中的有关句型（1）“When / While / As +从句，主句”（关于它们之间的区别请看语法） 例如：When I was in the country, I used to carry some water for you.“当我在农村时，我常常给你打水”（2）“主句after / before +从句.” 例如：They hadnt been married four months before they were devoiced.“他们绘结婚不到四个月就离婚了”We went home after we had finished the work.“我们做完此工作就回家了”（3）“主语肯定谓语until从句（或时间）” / “主语否定谓语until+从句” 例如：I worked until he came back.“我一直工作到他回来”I didnt worked until he came back.“他回来我才开始工作”（4）“As soon as / Immediately / Directly / Instantly / The moment / The instant / The minute +从句，主句.” 例如：My father went out immediately I got home.“我一到家，我父亲就出去了”（5）“No sooner +had + 主语donethan +主语did.” / “主语had + no sooner +donethan +主语did.” 例如：No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you.“我一到北京就给你打电话了”I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you. （同上）（6）“Hardly +had +主语donewhen / before + 主语did.” / “主语had +hardly + donewhen / before +主语did.” 例如：Hardly had she had supper when she went out. “她一吃完晚饭就出去了”She had hardly had supper when she went out. （同上）（7）“By the time+从句，主句.”（注意时态的变化） 例如：By the time you came back, I had finished this book.“到你回来时，我已经写完了这本书”By the time you come back, I will have finished this book.“到你回来时，我将写完这本书”（8）“each / every time +从句，主句.”(这时相当于whenever 或no matter when引导的从句。从句也可放在主句之后) 例如：Each time he comes to Harbin, he always drops in on me.“每当他来哈尔滨，总是随便来看看我”7）地点状语从句的有关句型： （1）“Where +从句，主句.” 例如： Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.“哪里没有雨水，种庄稼是很难的或者是不可能的” （2）“Anywhere / wherever+从句，主句.” 例如： Anywhere I go, my wife goes too.“无论我去哪儿，我的妻子也去哪儿” I will go wherever you suggest.“你建议我去哪儿，我就去哪儿 ”8）目的状语从句的有关句型： （1）“主句in order that / so that +从句.” 例如：I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus.“我起得很早，以便能赶上早班车” （2）“主句for+sb. +to do.”（注意动词不定式复合结构在这儿作目的状语） 例如：He came here for me to work out this problem.“他来这儿叫我帮他解出这道难题 ”9）结果状语从句的有关句型： （1）“主句so that+从句.” 例如：It was very cold, so that the river froze.“天气很泠，因此河水结冰了” （2）“So+形容词/ 副词特定动词主语that+从句.” 例如：So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again.“这本书那么有趣，我想再读一遍”（3）“主语谓语such+名词that+从句.” 例如：He made such rapid progress that he was praised by the teacher.“他进步很快，老师表扬了他”（4）“Such was + 主语that +从句.”(这是个完全倒装句) 例如：Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.“爆炸力这么大，所有的窗户都被震碎了”10）比较状语从句的有关句型：（1）“The +形容词比较级，（主句）the +形容词比较级” 例如：The sooner you do it, the better it will be.“越早越好”（2）“主语谓语as +形容词原级as +被比较的对象.” 例如：He is as busy as a bee.“他非常忙”（3）“主语谓语the形容词比较级of / between ” 例如：He is the taller of the two.“他们俩人中他高”（4）“主语谓语倍数as形容词原级as被比较的对象.” 例如：This room is three times as large as that one.“这个房间是那个房间的三倍大”（这个房间比那个房间大两倍。） （5）“主语谓语百分数/倍数形容词比较级than被比较的对象.” 例如：This city is twice larger than ours.“这个城市比我们城市大两倍”The early rice output in that commune was 200% more than that of 2000.“那个公社的早稻产量是2000年的两倍”（6）“主语谓语the size / length/ width/ height +of +被比较的对象.” 例如：Our building is twice the height of yours.“我们的大楼比你们的高两倍”11）其它句型 （1）“It doesnt matter wh-+从句” 例如：It doesnt matter to me what you will do tomorrow.“你明天做什么与我无关”It doesnt matter whether you will come or not.“你来不来无关紧要”（2）“形容词/ 副词 / 名词（可数单数）+as / though +主语谓语，主句.” 例如：Young as he is, he knows a lot.“虽然他很小，但他知道得很多”Hard he works, I am sure that he cant pass this exam.“虽然他学习很努力，这次考试他肯定不能及格”Child as he is, he knows a lot.“虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多”（3）“Were / Should / Had +主语谓语，主句.” 例如Were I you, I would have gone there yesterday.“如果我是你的话，昨天我就去那儿了”（4）“Only +状语特定动词主语谓语” 例如：Only by this means can I do this work well.“只有用那种方式我才能做好此工作”Only because he was ill did he not come to school.“只因为他有病了才没有来上学”Only then did I realize that I had been wrong.“只有那时，我才认识到我错了”（5）“Not only +特定动词主语谓语but also+主语谓语” 例如：Not only did he learned English well but also he spoke French very well.“他不但英语学得好，而且法语讲得很流利”（6）whether.or, neithernor, eitheror （7）“主语doubtwhether + 从句.”/ “主语特定否定词doubtthat从句.” 例如：I dont doubt that he will come this afternoon.“我确信他下午一定能来”二、策略：英语写作是对英语语言知识的积极运用。它包括两大方面：一是内容，即写什么；二是表述，即如何用语言把内容表述出来。为了避免所存在的问题并提高英语书面表达能力，宜从以下几方面去努力。强化英语基本句型。句子是文章的基本框架，在文章中起着桥梁的作用。对学生来说，英语书面表达最基础的还是选词造句，使句子正确通顺，符合英语表达习惯。分析并诵读课文。课文是句型的延伸与扩展，分析课文的选词造句、连接手段、篇章结构等，并有意识地诵读课文，这有利于学生对基本句型的巩固与运用，有利于他们提高语言组织能力以及写作素材的积累和语感的形成。加强听说训练。听力与口语训练能促进学生用英语进行思维，为学生写出地道的英语打下坚实的思维基础。坚持用英语写日记。把自己当天的所见所闻、所感所悟用英语记下来，坚持不懈，这样熟能生巧，必有利于英语写作能力的提高。还应着力于从以下三个方面来增强效果。学会使用较高级的词汇词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。从评分标准可知，运用高级的词汇对提高书面表达的分数至关重要。大家先来看下面这些句子：Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable.We all think he is a great man.think highly of him.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. came upon A good idea occurred to me. /A good idea suddenly struck me.The students there neednt pay for their books.Books are free for the students there.As a result the plan was a failure.The plan turned out (to be) a failure.When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.At the news of his death, she went pale with sorrow.She went to Austria in order to study music.She went to Austria for/with the purpose of studying music.When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.The more he spoke, the more excited he felt.In our school, there are twentysix classrooms.Our school is made up of twentysix classrooms./Twentysix classrooms make up our school.You can find my house easily.Youll have no trouble/difficulty finding my house.学会使用较丰富的句式在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句型，要灵活运用各种语法结构，运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。例如：When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）On his arriving/ arrival, please give me an e-mail.To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(That the littler girl knows so many things surprises him.It surprises him that the littler girl knows so many things .)Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒装句)Weak as I am, Ill make the effort.He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型 .It was .not until) It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.Not until he had read the news in the newspaper did he know what had happened. I passed the physics exam because of your help.（使用虚拟语气）I could not have passed the physics exam but for your help.If you had not helped me, I could not have passed the physics exam.She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (用过去分词)Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)Singing and laughing, they went back to school.I wont believe what he says. （使用状语从句）No matter what he says, I wont believe.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （使用并列句）Study hard and youll make rapid progress.He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句)No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.学会使用恰当的连接词逻辑角度合适的过渡性词汇时间顺序first, second, then, finally/at last, immediately, suddenly , soon空间顺序here, there, on one sideon the other side, in front of, at the back of, next to对称顺序for one thing, for another thing, on one hand, on the other hand转折顺序but, however, while, though, otherwise因果顺序because, since, as, thanks to, as a result (of)条件顺序as long as, so long as, on condition that, if, unless让步顺序though, as, even if/though, whether, who(what, when, where)-ever递进顺序whats more, besides, to make the matter worse, whats worse过渡性插入语I think, Im afraid, you know, As we all know