机电工程英语(复习题)

一、Place a “T” before sentences that are true and an “F” before those that are false( T )1、A worm gear is sometimes used in machines, it has low friction that can save considerable power. ( T)2、In a cam mechanism, when the cam turns through one motion cycle, the follower executes a series of event consisting of rises, dwells and returns. ( T)3、Integrated circuit is built on a semiconductor substrate, usually one of multi-crystal silicon.( T )4、Krichhoffs voltage law states that the sum of the potential drops around a loop in a circuit must be zero.( F )5、Electrons and protons are said to have the same positive charges.( T )6、If a sinusoidally varying voltage source is connected across the capacitor, it can be shown that the voltage across the capacitor lags the current by in phase, meaning that the voltage peaks occur 1/4 of an oscillation period later in time relative to the current peaks.( T )7、The advance of water as a pressure medium took a double hits near the turn of 20th century: one is the electric power control and the other is the oil hydraulic control system( F )8、An ON-delay timer is enabled when its rung is false.( T )9、Water hydraulics is a wholly new technology.( F )10、Acceleration is the rate of change of displacement.( F )11、Gears can change the rate of rotation of a machinery shaft but can not change rotary motion to linear motion. ( T )12、Krichhoffs current law states that the sum of the current entering and existing a node must be zero.( T )13、Integrated circuit is built on a semiconductor substrate, usually one of multi-crystal silicon.( T )14、The first integrated circuits were created in the late 1950s in response to a demand from military for miniaturized electronics to be used in missile control systems.( F )15、Electrons and protons are said to have the same positive charges.( F )16、An OFF-delay timer is enabled when its rung is true.( T )17、A robot may act under the direct control of a human or autonomously under the control of a programmed computer.( T )18、The advance of water as a pressure medium took a double hits near the turn of 20th century: one is the electric power control and the other is the oil hydraulic control system.( T )19、Velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement.( T )20、In many cases, the signal of interest is in the form of analog electrical voltage or current, produce for example by a microphone or some other type of transducer.二、Translation (1) Translate the following words into English 1、 斜面和杠杆 inclinedplaceandlever 2、 轮和轴 wheel and axle 3、 齿轮和凸轮 gear and cam 4、 导体、半导体、绝缘体 conductor,semiconductor,insulator 5、 集成电路 integrated circuit 6、 印制电路板 printed circuit board 7、 保持定时器 retentive timer 8、 家庭机器人 family robot 9、 专用集成电路 application specific integrated circuit 10、 止回阀 check valve 11、 组合滑轮 combined pulley 12、 螺丝 screw 13、 电感和电容 inductance and capacitance 14、 金属氧化物半导体 metal oxide semiconductor 15、 逻辑梯形图 logic ladder diagram 16、 操控式机器人 control robot 17、 可编程控制器 programmable control unit 18、 位移，速度和加速度 displacement, velocity and acceleration 19、 混合集成电路 hybrid integrated circuit 20、 光刻术 lithography (2) Translate the following words into Chinese 1、 wedge 楔 2、 anti-backlash gears 消隙齿轮 3、 voltage, current and resistance 电压，电流和电阻 4、 bipolar junction transistor 双极结型晶体管 5、 ON-delay timer 延迟定时器 6、 mobile robot 移动机器人 7、 analog to digital converter 模拟数字转换器 8、 unloader and safety relief valve 减荷器和安全泄压阀 9、 simple harmonic motion 简谐运动 10、 degree of freedom 自由度 11、rack and pinion 齿条与齿轮 12、gear reduction 齿轮减速 13、series circuit and parallel circuit 串联电路和并联电路 14、electron,proton and neutron 电子，质子和中子 15、photoresist 光阻材料 16、OFF-delay timer 延时断开定时器 17、self reconfigurable robot 自重机器人 18、valve manifold 阀歧管 19、return line filter 回油过滤器 20、peak amplitude 振幅峰值三、Translate the following texts into English1、与采用刚性物体来传递作用力的装置相比，滑轮装置的缺点是滑轮与绳索之间的打滑和绳索的伸长。 Comparedwithrigidbodydeviceandtotransmitforce,pulleydevicedefectis betweenthepulleyandtheropeslippingandropeelongation.2、齿轮是通过轮齿之间的连续啮合来传递运动的机构单元。Gearisthemechanismunittotransmitmotionthroughcontinuousbetweenthe meshingteeth.3、对于简单串联电路，其所有的元件彼此首尾相接，从而仅仅形成一条电流通过的通路。Withsimpleseriescircuits,allcomponentsareconnectedend-to-endtoformonlyonepathforelectronstoflowthroughthecircuit.4、振动的最简单模式可以看成是一个物体在平衡位置附近的振荡或者重复运动。Thesimplestmodeofvibrationcanberegardedastheoscillationofanobjectinthe neighborhoodoftheequilibriumpositionorrepetitivemotion.5、凸轮装置通常包括两个可移动的部件：凸轮和从动件。 Thecamdeviceusuallyconsistsoftwomovingparts:camandfollower.6、 水压传动系统所采用与传统系统一样的基本元件：泵，马达，液压缸，液压阀，过滤器和储液箱。 Hydraulictransmissionsystemaswiththetraditionalsystemadoptsthebasic elements:pump,motor,hydrauliccylinder,hydraulicvalve,filterandaliquidstoragebox.7、 第一种添加掺杂剂以形成P层或者N层区域的方法是原子扩散法，第二种方法是离子注入法。ThefirstadditionofdopanttoformthePlayerorNlayerregionmethodisatomic diffusionmethod,thesecondkindofmethodisbyionimplantation. 8、模拟信号对时间的离散要求计算机周期性地对信号取样，并将结果保存在内存中。Analogsignalrequiresthediscretetimethatcomputerisperiodicallyonthesignal sampling,andtheresultsstoredinthememory. 四、Translate the following texts into Chinese 1 Theword“robot”isusedinageneralsensetomeananymachinewhichmimicstheactionsofahuman,inthephysicalsenseorinthementalsense.Itisusedtoawiderangeofmachines,thecommonfeatureofwhichisthattheyareallcapableof movementandcanbeusedtoperformphysicaltasks. “机器人”这个词被用在一般意义上是指任何在身体或精神上模仿人类的行为,身体意识和精神意识(仿生)的机器。它用于广泛的机器当中，其共同的特征是，他们具有所有的运动的能力和能用来进行物理任务。2 WhenaPLCisexecutingaladderlogicprogram,itexaminestheinput modulesfirst,then,thePLCscanstheladderlogicprogramrung-by-rungfromthetopoftheprogramtothebottom. 当PLC正在执行一个梯形逻辑程序时，它首先检查输入模块。它存储连接了输入模块的输入设备的状态（高或低），并分配到输入存储位中。然后,PLC从程序的顶部至底部逐级扫描梯形逻辑程序。3 Sinceadigitalcomputerhasfiniteprecision,extracareisneededtoensuretheerrorsincoefficients,A/Dconversion,D/Aconversion,etc.,arenotproducing undesiredorunplannedeffects. 因为数字计算机精度有限,需额外注意协同因素,A/D转换、D/A转换等不会产生不想要的或意外的效果。4 Becauseofthegreaterpressurewavepropagationfoundinwater,special caremustbegivenwhendesigningwaterhydraulicsystemsinordertopreventwaterhammer. 由于在水中存在巨大的压力波,所以在设计水液压系统时必须特别小心,以防止水锤。5 Digitalsignalprocessorisaprogrammabledevice,withitsownnative instructioncode,andcanalsobeembeddedwithincomplexsystem-on-chipdevice,oftencontainingbothanaloganddigitalcircuitry. 数字信号处理器是一种可编程器件，具有其自己的本地指令代码，也可以被嵌入在芯片内的复杂系统，通常包含两个数字和模拟电路。6 Thereareanumberofdifferentstandardgeartypes,includingspurgears, changegears,clustergears,helicalgears,herringbonegears,straightbevelorspiral bevelgears,wormgears,andsoonandsoforth. 有许多不同的标准齿轮的类型。实例包括正齿轮，变速齿轮，簇齿轮组，斜齿轮，人字齿轮，直齿锥或螺旋锥齿轮，蜗轮，依此类推等等。7 Voltagecanbegeneratedbymeansotherthanrubbingcertaintypesof materialsagainsteachother,chemicalreactions,radiantenergy,andtheinfluenceofmagnetismonconductorareafewwaysinwhichvoltagemaybeproduces. 电压除了能通过一些类型不同的材料相互摩擦产生之外，化学反应，辐射能，磁场对导体的影响也是产生电压的方法。8 Withsimpleparallelcircuits,allcomponentsareconnectedbetweenthesametwosetsofelectricallycommonpoints,creatingmultiplepathsforelectronstoflow fromoneendofthebatterytotheother. 简单的并联电路，所有元件连接两组相同电流之间的共同点,创建电子从电池的一端流到其他多个路径。9 Iftherewerenofrictioninthesystem,theoscillationwouldcontinueatthe samerateandsameamplitude,butrealsystemdoeshavefriction,andthiscausethe amplitudeofvibrationtograduallydecreaseastheenergyisconvertedtoheat. 如果没有摩擦的系统，振荡将永远以相同的速率和相同的幅度保持着。振动将继续以同样的速度和幅度相同，但真正的系统有摩擦，这引起振动的能量转化为热量逐渐减少的幅度。10 Signalscommonlyneedtobeprocessedinavarietyofways,forexample, theoutputsignalfromatransducermaywellbecontaminatedwithunwanted electricalnoise. 信号通常需要以多种方式处理。例如,传感器的输出信号可能含有多余的电子“噪音”。