《名词性从句讲与练》PPT课件.ppt

名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。,名词性从句,一、怎样确定引导词？,句1意为：好消息是冠军赛将在国家体育馆鸟巢举行。答案为C。 句2意为：不知你是否读过悲剧李尔王。答案为C。 句3意为：明天就是布鲁斯的生日了。你知道生日聚会在哪里举行 吗？答案为D。,由此，我们可以得出什么结论？,名词性从句的引导词是根据从句的意思来选择的。如果名词性从句 的意思不完整，就用wh-word引导 (如句2和句3)。如果名词性从句 的意思已经完整，就用that引导 (如句1)。,The good news is _ the Race of Championships(ROC) will be held in the Birds Nest, the National Stadium. A. what B. which C. that D. how 2. Im wondering _ you ever read the tragedy King Lear. A. that B. what C. if D. how 3. Tomorrow is Bruces birthday. Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held? A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where,二、用that还是用what？,句1：介词about后的宾语从句中do和think缺宾语，所以用what。 句2：根据句意“有人告诉我温总理在北京儿童医院看望了甲流病 人和医护人员”可以判定is前是主语从句，从句中涉及sb. be told sth.结构，所以从句中缺宾语，要用what；is后是表语从句， 从句的意思已经完整，所以用that。答案1.A，2. C。,what和that的区别在于：what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语， 而that在名词性从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，没有实意。换句 话说，如果名词性从句中缺主语、宾语或表语，要用what；如果从 句中不缺成分，意思已经完整，就用that。,Im his good friend, and I can make guesses about _ he will do or think. A. whatB. which C. whomD. that 2. _ I have been told is _ Premier Wen visited A/H1N1 patients and medical staff at the Beijing Childrens Hospital in Beijing A. That; that B. That; what C. What; that D. What; what,三、何时不能省略that？,我们先来判定下列句中的that是否能省略。 1. That Zhang Yining married a millionaire is known to us all. 2. The reason why I come here is that I want to see you. 3. Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?,答案：都不能省略。,原因如下： (1) 主语从句置于句首时，其引导词that不能省略。 (2) that引导表语从句时，不能省略。 (3) that引导同位语从句时，不能省略。 另外，当及物动词后跟一个that引导的宾语从句时，that可以省略； 跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，第二个以及后面的that 不能省略。,四、用whether还是用if？,请用whether和if填写下面四个句子： 1. It depends on _ you can do the work well. 2. _ he could live on depended on his desire for survival. 3. It hasnt been decided _ well go to Qingdao Underwater World. 4. I am wondering _ you could give me a hand.,表示“是否”时，介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether引导，不能 用if引导；置于句首的主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引 导；置于句末的主语从句，既可以用whether引导，也可以用if引 导；及物动词后的宾语从句，既可以用whether引导，也可以用 if引导。,所以，句1中介词on后面的宾语从句只能用whether引导，不能用 if引导；句2中置于句首的主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if 引导；句3中置于句末的主语从句既可以用whether引导，也可以 用if引导；句4中及物动词wonder后面的宾语从句既可以用whether 引导，也可以用if引导。,五、是同位语从句还是定语从句？,请判定下面两个句子中分别含有什么从句。 1. We were all happy to hear the news that he told us. 2. We were all happy to hear the news that the 11th National Games came to a successful close on Wednesday.,答案：句1中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰the news。句2中含有 that引导的同位语从句，解释说明the news。,同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于： 同位语从句是对前面名词的解释说明（如句2）；定语从句是后 置定语，是对前面名词的修饰和限定（如句1）。 that引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，没有实意，不充当任何 句子成分，不能省略(如句2)；that引导定语从句时，替代先行词， 在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略（如句1）。,六、用陈述句语序还是疑问句语序？,名词性从句用陈述句语序，还是用疑问句语序呢？先做下面两道题。 1. Where _ go for a picnic this weekend? Where _ go for a picnic this weekend has not been decided. A. shall we; shall we B. shall we; we shall C. we shall; shall we D. we shall; we shall 2. Where do you suppose _ the lecture to us? A. will the professor give B. the professor will give C. would the professor give D. that the professor will give,答案：1. B 2. B。,特殊疑问词的构成是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。名词性从句 都用陈述句语序。特殊疑问句中含有do you think/ believe/ expect /suppose等插入语时，这些插入语后面的句子要用陈述句语序。,所以，句1中：空一所在句为特殊疑问句，要用疑问句语序shall we； 空二所在句为主语从句，要用陈述句语序we shall。句2中：空格前 面有do you suppose插入语，所以空格处要用陈述句语序the professor will give。,七、怎样对待从句中的插入语？,名词性从句中的插入语是用来增加干扰性，增加题目难度的。做题 时只要把插入语看出来，将其去掉不看，问题就明朗化容易解决了。 Dont you know, my dear friend, _ it is what you have rather than you that she loves? A. what B. which C. that D. as 2. He told me the news, believe it or not, _ Noriko Sakai admitted taking drugs. A. what B. that C. which D. whether,分析：句1：my dear friend是插入语，将其去掉后，不难看出know 后面是一个宾语从句。由于从句的结构和意思都已完整，所以用 that。答案为C。句意为：亲爱的朋友，难道你不知道她爱的是你 拥有的东西，而不是你吗？句2：believe it nor not是插入语，将其 去掉后，不难看出news后面是一个同位语从句。由于从句的结构 和意思都已完整，所以用that。答案为B。句意为：信不信由你， 他告诉我酒井法子承认自己吸毒了。,八、如何应对从句中的复杂结构？,He was so annoyed and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant. A. what B. that C. what that D. what what,要想做对这类题，必须把看似复杂的总体结构拆解成简单明了的 小结构、小分支。 本句中，understood后面是宾语从句。从句中what he said“他 说的话”是一部分，在从句中作主语。如果把what he said视为it， 那么后面就变成_ it meant，显然宾语从句中缺宾语（meant 缺宾语），空格处要用what。也就是说，第一个what引导宾语从 句，同时作meant的宾语，第二个what引导宾语从句中的主语从 句，同时作said的宾语。简单地说，said和meant都缺宾语，所以 都用what。答案为D。,巩固练习： 1. I heard the good news the other day _ the Winter Olympic flame arrived in the host country Canada on Friday. A. what B. when C. that D. if,C。 句意为：前几天，我听说冬奥会的火炬于周五到达主办国加 拿大。所以空格所在的同位语从句意思已经完整，用that引导。,2. We all wonder, perhaps except you, _ the wife of the professor killed by a student said she didnt hate the murderer. A. what B. that C. why D. whether,2. C。 根据句意“我们都不知道，可能除了你，为什么教授被学生杀 死后，教授的妻子却说她不恨这个凶手”可知用why引导wonder的 宾语从句。从句与动词之间被perhaps except you隔开。,3. _ made me burst into laughter was _ he had meant to take me in but was taken in. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; what D. That; that,3. B 空格处的was前是主语从句，从句中缺主语，要用what；was 后是表语从句，从句的结构和意思都已完整，所以用that。句意为： 让我大笑的是，他本想骗我但却被骗了。,4. As I looked at the memorial, I thought about _ terrible life was for the Jews then and _ they were to fight the Nazis. A. how; how B. what a; how C. what; how D. how; what,4. A about后面跟了两个宾语从句。先用代入法确定空一。把how 代入空一，即为how terrible life was，结构完整；把what a代入 空一，即为what a terrible life was，was前缺主语，结构不完整。 所以空一要用how。空二所在句缺状语，要用how，不能用what。,5. A new problem occurred when the project was carried out _ the water could be supplied to the top of the building, 300 meters high in the sky. A. that B. how C. what D. where,5. B 句意为：在工程进行的时候，出现了一个新的问题，那就是 怎样才能把水供到大楼顶层，距地面300米的地方。此题考查分割 式同位语从句。如果选A，就表示能把水供到大楼顶层，换句话说 ，就是把水供到大楼顶层不是问题，而这与前面的“新问题”a new problem矛盾。,6. _ well go climbing Mount Tai tomorrow depends on the weather. A. Whether B. If C. Why D. That,7. Agassi says I cant speak to addiction, but a lot of people would say _ youre using anything as an escape, you have a problem. A. if that B. what C. that D. that if,8. As for the Yangshuo balloon explosion accident, _ happened then remains unclear. A. that B. which C. what D. where,6. A 句意：我们明天是否去爬泰山取决于天气；表示“是否”时， 置于句首的主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引导。,7. D say后面是宾语从句。宾语从句中又有主句you have a problem 和从句youre using anything as an escape。两者之间是条件关系， 所以用if引导。答案为that if，that可以省略。句意为：阿加西说 “我不能责备上瘾，但是很多人都会说如果你用什么东西来逃避， 那你就有问题了。”,8. C remains前面是主语从句，从句中缺主语，所以用what。句意： 关于阳朔气球爆炸事故，现在还不清楚当时发生了什么。,