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初 三 完 型 填 空 专 题 复 习,一、完形填空命题原则,江西省2009年中等学校招生统一考试英语学科说明中提出完形的命制,基本上遵循“突出语篇,强调应用, 注重实际”的设计思路。试题特点鲜明,“考查考生在阅读的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况”, 即要求考生通读短文,掌握大意,综合运用所学的词汇,语法等知识,从试题所提供的词汇,短语中判断出使短文意思通顺,结构完整的词汇或短语。,二完型填空的考查趋势,将由局部理解向整体理解转移: 试题考查点减少了单句层次的试题,明显增加了语篇理解的试题; 设问角度突出考查对上下文乃全篇的理解 考查点设置的三个层面:分别为“点”的层面,“线”的层面和“面”的层面。,命题形式,四选一式 方框选词式,命题特点,2. 命题特点 (1) 选材方面,2. 命题特点 (2)布空方面,布空间距为79个单词; 其中以动词和名词布空较多; 其次是形容词、副词、代词和连词;,三、命题趋势,1. 选材 以记叙文和说明文为主,题材内容更接近生活。选材具有一定的教育性、趣味性或实用性。 2. 布空 注重语境,强调综合。,四、解题步骤和策略,1. 解题步骤 跳读全文,掌握大意。(首句和尾句) 瞻前顾后,灵活答题。 (运用各种策略) 复读全文,核实答案。词汇、语法、惯用法是否合理? 句型结构是否完整,搭配是否有误? 句子是否流畅? 上下行文、前后逻辑关系是否一致? 全文是否紧凑,中心突出,浑然一体?,四、解题步骤和策略,2. 解题策略,(1)利用上下文语境选择。例1(07江西卷) leaf then large learn ones grow thick has mean first easy begin Everybody loves oranges. They are sweet and juicy. Theyre in sections, so it is 56._ to eat them. Some oranges do not have any seeds. Some have a 57._ skin, and some have a thin skin. ,easy,thick,四、解题步骤和策略,2. 解题策略,(2) 根据文化背景和常识选择。例2(07江西卷) leaf then large learn ones grow thick has mean first easy begin In English, orange 65._ both a fruit and a color. We use the name of the fruit for the color.,means,四、解题步骤和策略,2. 解题策略,(3) 单词辨义和固定搭配。例3(07江西卷) It costs 3.70 for adults, 2 for children and _43_ for over sixties and school groups. ( )43. A. little B. few C. less D. fewer,C,四、解题步骤和策略,2. 解题策略,(4) 句子结构和逻辑推理。例4(06江西卷) Scientists also 48 that loud, fast music makes people eat faster. In fact, people 49 their food faster when the music gets faster. Some restaurants play fast music during their 50 hours. This gets people to eat faster and leave quickly. Restaurants 51 make spend even less. ( D )48. A. think B. hopeC. realizeD. believe ( )49. A. cook B. orderC. eatD. make ( )50. A. free B. busyC. happyD. sad ( )51. A. can B. shouldC. cant D. neednt,C,B,A,四、解题步骤和策略,2. 解题策略,(5) 根据句子所缺成分选择。例5(08江西卷) play activity favorite also and stop life example happen but new make For example, learning can 59._ when you go to a museum. It can 60._ happen when you get a job. You learn when you 61._ a sport or when you take a trip. ,happen,also,play,如何快速准确地做好完形填空题是每个考生都很关注的问题, 我觉得有以下几点需要考生们特别留意: 在复习阶段:首先要熟练地掌握学过的全部语法知识,牢记 习惯用法,特别是动词短语;注意对动词、名词、形容词、副词 等词汇意义的真正理解,要懂得词汇的内含、外延、褒贬及一定 的修辞色彩; 注意它们的同义词、近义词、反义词及其辨析; 其次要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习,多阅 读一些短文,增强英文阅读能力,提高理解能力。 在应考阶段:拿到试题后,不要急于动手去做,必须从语法 、习惯用法,内容和常识 等多方面综合考虑选项;既要理解文章材料所叙述的表层内容信 息,又要理解文章材料 中的连贯意义、引申意义等深层意义。那么,究竟怎样做才能 取得令人满意的结果呢?,五 注意事项:,要做好完形填空题,除了要具备较扎实的英语基本功之外,还 必须具备良好的应试心态,掌握一定的答题技巧,这样有助于在 做题时思路清晰,速度加快,节约时间,提高效果。具体说来有以 下几点需要注意:1.充满信心,沉着冷静 无论做什么事情,信心十分重要。有的同学 由于英语基础不错,平时做练习时有“偏食”的习惯, 基础题做得多,怕做综合性较强的能力题(如完形 填空、阅读理解等),因而在考试中遇到这类题目 时就会感到压力大,信心不足。同学们在做完形填 空题时一定要充满信心,沉着冷静,要相信自己的 实力。只有这样,答题时才能发挥出自己的最佳水 平,减少失误。,2、精读第一句 3.通读全文,掌握大意,粗选答案 有相当一部分同学在没有通读全文、弄懂大意 的情况下就急忙边阅读边依空选择。这是一种不 良的答题习惯。而且那些错误的答案会在大脑中 先入为主,在复查时很难发现,同学们在做题之 前必须先集中精力将短文精读一遍,掌握其大意 ,同时要记住短文里的人物、时间或地点,尤其 要注意首句和尾句的含义。这样,答题时才能心 中有数。此时可以边阅读边粗选答案,这是为了尽 量减少空格,帮助更透彻地了解全文.,4、从上下文寻找信息词 完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义 相联的语篇,而词语的重复出现、同义词和反义 词的使用是重要的连句成篇的词汇纽带,因此, 在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后 同义词反义词相互照应等现象。 警示:考生在答题时,不要急于求成。而要 充分利用上下文信息词,在继续阅读中寻找和 斟酌答案。充分利用文章的上下文和前后句, 找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时 可能是同义词或反义词。,例如:1)Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very.A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous根据转折连词but的提示,所填入的词应与shallow相反,因此答案为A。2)Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either.A. no B. certain C. many D. moreand是一个并列连词;either为副词,用在否定句或否定词后加强语势,由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词,因此答案是A。,5.形意结合,前后参照完形填空所要求填的答案在意义上必须和短文内容相符, 形式上必须符合语法规则和习惯用法。有些同学之所以 失分较多,其中一个很重要的原因就是顾此失彼。同学 们在选择答案时,应先从意义上判断其是否与短文内容 相吻合,然后再从形式上(如时态、语态、非谓语动词、 主谓一致、固定搭配等)判断所选答案是否恰当,前后 参照,连贯考虑,提高选择的准确率。,6.先易后难,迂回解题做完形填空时,对于一时没有把握的题目, 可以采用“迂回战术”,在题号前标上记号, 先绕过去做下面的题目。 在做完较容易的题目之后再回过头来思考那 些难题,同时把已确定好了的答案代入短文, 帮助理解。这样,也许难题就不难了。,7、把握文章组织结构主要是针对语篇题。做题时,要把准文章作者发展脉络,文章的起 承转合,要注意段落与段落之间,句与句之间 的内在逻辑联系,领悟暗示,选对答案。,8.了解生活常识,确定相关知识Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30A. check B.read C. keep D.sign分析: 外国人早上有读报的习惯,其中paper即 为报纸.这是理解本文细节的关键,有了这些文 化背景知识,可迅速推断出正确答案为B,9.必要时采用排除法,根据已知条件和信息去推断 未知事物10.全文贯通,复查核定 做完题目后,要仔细复查核定。全方位,多角度地 检查所选答案,看能否使全文连贯畅通,内容清晰, 主题突出.对于个别拿不准的答案, 应根据语感完 成.复查可以采用两种方法:1.不看已选的答案, 再把所有的题目做一遍,然后看看两个答案是否 一致,如不一致,再仔细比较鉴别; 2.把答案代入短文细读一遍,看所选答案是否与短文整体相 吻合,再把每个空白处与它相对应的4个答案一 一对照。,六、复习建议,1熟悉语法,培养学生“完整的句子意识”。 词义辨析; 词语搭配(形容词与名词搭配;副词与动 词搭 配;介词短语搭配;动词短语搭配;固定短语等) 句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语等) 句子种类(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句) 句子类型(简单句、并列句、复合句),复习建议,坚持在阅读的基础上锻炼语篇意识和把握整体文段的能力。 把握文章的主旨大意,理解上下文的语境意识。 找出全文的中心思想; 联系上下文分析句与句之间的逻辑关系(原因与结果、前后顺承、后对前的解释、并列、转折、让步等 ) 逻辑推理能力: 学会借助过渡词、上下文、主题句、段落的首尾句以及作者的思路、文中的情节来进行正确地推理。,复习建议,3. 关注生活,注意中西文化的差异。 文化背景知识和中西方文化的差异 (历史、地理、社会习俗、民族风情等),六、复习建议,科学选材,有效训练。 体裁多样,题材丰富,语言生动地道,具有一定的教育性和趣味性。 篇幅长度适中,布空合理,各考点均衡分布。 侧重考查语言的意义,而不是一味的考查语法形式或句子结构。,七 在以后教学中的建议,激发学生的学习兴趣。 兴趣是最好的老师。 一旦学生对英语产生兴趣,他们就会进行积极的思维,全身心投入学习中,从而取得事半功倍的效果。学习兴趣一旦调动起来,他们就会积极主动地进行广泛语言实践,从而为做好完形填空打下扎实的基础。,七 在以后教学中的建议,培养学生的语感 语言是人们相互进行思想交流的手段或工具。语言知识及语言的运用能力不仅是语言知识的单纯积累和使用,它还包括对所学语言的文化背景和社会知识的全面了解和掌握。要提高学生完形填空的解答能力,学生必须有一定的语言运用能力。因此在教学过程中要创造英语语言环境,让学生多听多说。如有位名人所说:“外语好比碉堡,必须同时从四面八方围攻。”因此, 教师要增加学生的课外阅读,培养他们看英语节目的习惯等。,七 在以后教学中的建议,变完形填空为猜测填空 综观历年的英语中考试卷,其完形填空难度空前提高。题目中很少单纯的语法问题。因此要求学生不要的完形填空当语法来做,而应该根据文章的语言环境进行逻辑推理。因此,可采取“猜测填空”的做法,也就是只看题目对所填的内容进行逻辑上的猜测,而不看备选答案,大体确定所要的答案,然后对备选答案进行筛选。,(08江西卷) Mary Rodas parents came to New York from Australia. They lived in a tall building. A man named Donald Smith lived in the building, too. He _41_ a toy company. One day Donald gave Mary, the 4-year-old girl, a new _42_. She played with it. She said, “This is fun!” A few weeks later Donald gave her _43_ toy. She played with it. She said, “Im not _44_ this toy. It doesnt work.” She was a(n) _45_ little girl. Donald liked her honesty, and they became friends. For years Donald gave Mary new toys, and she gave him very good _46_ about the toys.,had/owned,toy,another,When Mary was thirteen years old, Donald _47_ her a new ball. The ball had a balloon(气球) inside it. Mary wanted to fill the balloon with water. She wanted to paint the ball in crazy colors. She wanted to _48_ rice or beans(豆子) in it to make it noisy. The company made these _49_. Marys ideas were a great success! The company _50_ thousands of the balls.,gave,put,balls,made/produced/sold,That Christmas Donald gave Mary a(n) _51_ gift. He made her a vice-president(副董事长) of the toy company. _52_ made $200,000 a year. Her job was to see _53_ the new toys were fun. She took a car from her school to her office. She worked for three or four hours a day at her job. _54_ she had to do her homework. Mary was a busy teenager. She had _55_ time to be with her family. Her parents taught her that working hard and doing her best is very important. Today Mary works at a college. The little vice-president with bright ideas helps students think about their future.,she,If/whether,then,no/less,(B) 给出选项,借助一定的策略进行选择。,( A)41. A. owned B. found C. helped D. chose ( C )42. A. gift B. book C. toy D. bag ( B )43. A. one B. another C. other D. the other ( D)44. A. angry with B. surprised at C. tired of D. interested in ( B)45. A. kind B. honest C. helpful D. lovely ( A )46. A. ideas B. skills C. names D. facts ( D)47. A. lent B. called C. returned D. showed ( C)48. A. grow B. eat C. put D. cook ( D)49. A. inventions B. rules C. mistakes D. changes ( C)50. A. sent B. had C. sold D. received ( A)51. A. amazing B. interesting C. beautiful D. boring ( B)52. A. He B. She C. It D. They ( B)53. A. that B. if C. how D. why ( D)54. A. so B. but C. or D. then ( A)55. A. less B. more C. much D. most,(08广东卷) Do you often think of your parents? You may say, “Of course, I _46_. I buy a present for my mother on Mothers Day and on Fathers Day I give my father _47_, too.” But what about the other days of the year? I have a friend whose parents live in another city. One day I went to see her. We had a nice conversation. Then she wanted to _48_. So she dialed(拨号) the number, but then she put down the phone. After about fifteen _49_, she dialed the number again. “Hi, Mom”,do,gifts,make a call,Later I asked, “_50_ did you dial the number twice?” She smiled, “My parents are old and _51_. They cant get close to the telephone quickly. I always do so when I call them. I just want to give them _52_time to answer the call.” My friend is a good girl. She is _53_ thinking about her parents. You also want to be a _54_ child, right? Please always remember to _55_ your parents in every situation, not just on some important days.,Why,always,good,(A )46. A. will B. do C. wont D. dont (D )47. A. a cake B. a kiss C. some money D. a present (C)48. A. make a call B. pay a visit C. have a rest D. go for a walk (D)49. A. seconds B. minutes C. hours D. days (C)50. A. How B. What C. Why D. When (A)51. A. fast B. slow C. healthy D. careless (B)52. A. little B. quick C. no D. enough (B)53. A. always B. never C. seldom D. sometimes (D)54. A. bad B. clever C. good D. sick (A)55. A. think of B. look after C. ring up D. listen to,七 在以后教学中的建议,变教材中的阅读材料为完形填空。 现行新教材信息量大,课文内容十分丰富,涉及中外文化、风俗习惯 、名人传记 传统节日等 。体裁多样化,有传记、故事书信、日记通告等, 为学生展示了广阔学习天地,也为老师提供良好教学素材。因此我认为可以变课文阅读材料为完形填空。,Thank you for listening!,
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