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word专题四介词和介词短语(一)语法讲练过知识关要点一 常用介词 1方位介词(1)图解常见的方位介词(2)along, through, across, over1 / 20word(3)at, on, to, in(4)between, amongbetween 在之间(指两者)，常和 and 连用。The building stands between the park and the small river.那栋楼位于公园和小河之间。among 在之间(指三者或三者以上)。Well visit a town among the mountains.我们将要参观一个被群山环绕的小镇。名师指津 如果指三个及三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间，仍然要用 between。 Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。2时间介词(1)in, afterin 表时间，常表示“在之内”，有时in 还有“在之后”的意思，但表示此意时，必须具备两个条件：所在句子的谓语动词必须表将来；后面必须是一段时间。这两 个条件缺一不可，否则用 after 或 later。2 / 20wordMy father will be back in three days.我父亲将在三天以后回来。My father will be back after three oclock.我父亲将在 3 点后回来。My father came back after three days/three days later. 我父亲是三天后回来的。(2)for, since介词forsince用法接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久接时间点，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直 持续到说话的时刻，因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用Mr. Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement.布朗先生喜欢乡村生活，退休后他在那里生活了差不多 15 年。Tom has been doing his homework since seven oclock.汤姆从 7 点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。(3)during, through, overduring 指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或 在整个时间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显。He often falls asleep during the class.课堂上他常常打瞌睡。 through：在期间；从开头到结尾(所指时间包括在内，此时与 throughout 相同)。Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family throughhis fathers illness.在他父亲生病期间，汤姆坚强地撑起了养家的压力。over：在(做)期间；此外，over 还有“贯穿(一时间段)”的意思，相当于 during。 We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.我们一边喝茶一边愉快地聊天。3表示工具、手段、方式的介词(1)by, in, on3 / 20 word三个词都可以表示旅行的方式。不涉及交通工具的名词前用 by，名词前不带冠词。如：by sea, by water, by land, by air 等。涉及交通工具的名词前用 by，名词需用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。如： by bike，by taxi，by plane，by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship 等。当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时，用 on 或 in，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如：travel to New York on this plane, go to school on my bike 等。名师指津 步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用 on。如：on foot，on horseback/on a horse, on a camel 等。(2)with, inwith 用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。 We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。原料、颜料、语言、钢笔、铅笔等in大、小写字母Please answer me in English.请用英语回答我。The artist wrote in ink/pencil(with a pen/a pencil)那个艺术家用钢笔/铅笔写字。注意以下固定短语：on/over the telephone/radio 通过/广播in this/that wayby this/that means用这/那种方式with this/that method 4表示原因的介词介词用法withforfrom多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理状态 的原因多与表示感情的抽象名词或动名词及 reason，famous 等词连用常接抽象名词，表示自然或间接原因4 / 20ofoverword用于某些形容词后，后接与感情相关的人或事常用于带有感情色彩的动词如：cry，quarrel，laugh，sigh 等词之后，叙述所发 生事情的原因Her face went red with anger.她气得脸都红了。The West Lake is famous for its scenery.西湖以它的景色而闻名。5其他常考的介词(1)except, except for, but, besides, apart from5 / 20wordHe answered all the questions except the last one.除最后一个问题没有回答外，其余所有问题他都回答了。The position is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 这篇作文写得很好，只是有些拼写错误。No one but Karl went there.除卡尔外，没有人去那里。(2)against 的用法6 / 20word(3)beyond 的用法7 / 20word(4)with 的用法热点即训.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, thereview says it is more effective at lengthening life _ walking, cycling or swimming.解析 考查介词。根据句中的 more 可知，此处应用介词引出比较对象。此处表示跑 步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。故填 than。答案 than2 (2018 全 国 卷 )Corn uses less water _ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.8 / 20word解析 考查介词。由空前 less 可知，此处应用介词 than，表示“比”。答案 than3(2018某某卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggestthat the next time you go to your mums home _ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.解析 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处应用介词 for 表示“目的”。答案 for4(2017全国卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed peopleto avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _ work.解析 此处是指“当他们来回上下班时”。考生平时多用 from. to.连接起始点。 答案 from5(2016全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands.解析 用手吃饭，应用介词 with。答案 with.单句改错1(2018卷改编)Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment at next Wednesday afternoon._解析 考查介词。根据句意：早上好，李先生的办公室。早上好。我想预约 下星期三下午。根据语境可知，此处用介词 for 表示“安排或预约于(某时间)。”答案 atfor2(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road._解析 in the middle of 意为“在的中间”，故把 on 改为 of。此处为“道路的中央”，表示所属关系，而 on 后跟地点表示“在上面”，此题只要熟悉介词本意就不 存在解题的障碍。答案 onof3(2016全国卷)Now I am leaving home to college._解析 考查短语 leave for some place“离开去”，故把 to 改为 for。答案 tofor9 / 20word4(2016某某卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda in more than two years._解析 考查短语 for时间段，故应用介词 in 改为 for。答案 infor5(2015全国卷)Tony saw a toy on a shop window._解析 in 表示“在里面”，根据句意把 on 改为 in。答案 onin要点二 常见介词的搭配1介词与动词构成的搭配take advantage of 利用thank sb. for sth. 为某事感谢某人have an effect on 对有影响say goodbye to 对说再见contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成provide sb. with sth. 提供某人某物hold up 举起rely on 依靠refer to 提及；参考；查阅pass by 经过care about 关心；介意feel like 想要call for 需要pay for 为付款apply for 申请begin with 以开始2介词与名词构成的搭配(1)atn .表示状态at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平状态at war 在战争中 at work 在工作(2)其他以 at 开头的介词短语at the beginning of 在的开始10 / 20wordat the cost of 以的代价at the risk of 冒的危险at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布 (3)onn.表示状态on exhibition/show/display 在展出on fire 着火on sale 出售，打折on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加on holiday/vacation 在度假(4)其他以 on 开头的介词短语on account of 因为on behalf of 代表on no account/condition 决不(5)byn.表示方式by accident 偶然地 by air/plane 乘飞机by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧by hand 用手工 by mistake 错误地by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地(6)inn.表示方式in cash 用现金付款in detail 详细地in English 用英语in depth/height/length 在深度/高度/长度上(7)其他以 in 开头的介词短语in no time 立刻 in no way 决不in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有，占有 in addition to 另外 in charge of 掌管in return 作为回报 in spite of 尽管in exchange for 作为交换 in favor of 支持，赞成 in case of 万一；如果；假使in honour of 为向表示敬意11 / 20wordin memory of 为了纪念in support of 为支持(8)ofn.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit 有益处的 of help 有帮助的of importance 重要的 of significance 有意义的of use 有用的 of value 有价值的(9)out ofn.表示状态out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 失去控制 out of date 过期out of order 发生故障 out of sight 看不见out of the question 不可能 out of work 失业 (10)undern.表示被动under attack 遭到袭击 under pressure 在压力下under treatment 在治疗中 under control 处于控制之中 (11)withn.表示方式with delight/joy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地 with ease 轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地with pleasure 乐意地(12)beyondn.表示“超出，难以”beyond pare 无与伦比 beyond reach 够不到beyond description 难以描述beyond expression/words 难以表达3介词与其他词构成的搭配next to 紧挨着 instead of 代替apart from 除之外 according to 根据along with 随着 together with 连同owing to 因为 but for 要不是regardless of 不管，不顾 up to 直到；由而定 to and from 往返，来来回回in between 在中间，在两者之间热点即训12 / 20word.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.解析 考查介词。search for 意为“寻找”，为固定搭配。答案 for2(2018某某卷改编)Chinas soft power grows _ line with the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.解析 考查介词短语。根据句意：我国的软实力的增长与我国在全球各地不断受到的 欣赏和理解是紧密相连的。in line with“与紧密相连”。答案 in3(2018某某卷改编)Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _ all.解析 考查介词短语。根据句意：鲍勃觉得自己不能参加这个派对，因为他要写一份 报告，但是最终他还是去了。这里用 after all 表示“终究”。答案 after4(2017全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture. 解析 此处表示得到一个在工程学或者建筑学方面的学位。此处考查 in 的本意“在方面”。考生可能会误用 on 和 about，这两个介词本意为“关于”。degree 与介词 in 搭配，表示在某方面的学位。答案 in5(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.解析 focus on“集中于”，故填 on。答案 on.单句改错1 (2018 全 国 卷 )Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes._解析 考查介词。表示“和某人玩”，习惯用 play. with sb.，故将 for 改 为 with。13 / 20word答案 forwith2(2016全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams being rich in a short period of time._解析 dream of/about“梦想”，故在 dream 后加 of/about。答案 在 dream 后加 of/about3(2015某某卷)Please help with me and give me some advice._解析 及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需加介词，故把 with 去掉答案 去掉 with4(2015某某卷)My soccer coach retired in last week._解析 last, next 后跟名词表时间时前面无需加介词，故把 in 去掉。答案 去掉 in5(2014某某卷)My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird._解析 shoot at“朝射击”，故把 on 改为 at。答案onat(二)语法写作过应用关介词在书面表达中的增分点增分技法正确使用介词，写好句子。演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。The performance began with a piece of classical music which was familiar to people in their fifties.我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar/very much alike.巧用增分对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。(pare)As_for_parents,_nothing_can_be_pared_with_their_childrens_physical_and_men14 / 20wordtal_health.尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施援救。(despite)Despite_the_high_mountains_and_thick_forests,_the_doctors_and_nurses_rushed_to_the_scene_of_the_accident_to_carry_out_the_rescue.你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(apologize)You_should_apologize_to_the_people_present_for_what_you_have_just_done.专题过关训练.单句语法填空1(2018某某某某模拟)Hand straps(扶手带) _ buses were next with 380 units, followed by bathroom doorknobs at 340.答案 on2Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library _ a book about it.答案 for3Many people fall somewhere _ between, but may have periods when levels of stress increase.答案 in4(2018某某中学月考)Regardless _ your dream, do your homework.答案 of5(2018某某某某模拟)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number.答案 by6(2018某某模拟)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _ food safety problems.答案 to.单句改错1 (2018 某 某 庄 浪 四 中 模 拟 )There was one on particular Id always wanted._答案 onin2 (2018某某武邑中学模拟 )First, talk to someone you trust for how you feel._15 / 20word答案 forabout3 (2018 某 某 某 某 模 拟 )Its the relationship among my deskmate and me._答案 amongbetween4(2018某某六中模拟)Gradually, I became interested in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college._答案 去掉 into5(2018某某三中模拟)There had been a terrible accident on the highway and,for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six miles._ 答案 第一个 foras6 (2018 某 某 模 拟 )Sometimes, human beings are too cruel at their best friendsanimals._答案 atto.写作训练1运用语法写靓句在他讲述他自己学习英语的有趣经历时，我们都大笑起来。 (talk about ，burst into )_在一个小时的演讲期间，他问了我们一些问题。(during, ask) _我们从他那生动有启发性的演讲中学到了很多。(learn, from ) _在回家的路上，我决定努力学好英语。(on, make) _我因我迟到向老师道歉，因为某些原因，我拒绝了邀请。(apologize, for ) _16 / 20word同时，我要把保护环境整洁健康看作是我的职责。(regard, keep) _答案 When he talked about his interesting experience in leaning English, we all burst into laughter.During the onehour speech, he asked us several questions.We have learned a lot from his vivid and instructive speech.On my way home, I made up my mind to learn English well.I apologized to my teacher for my being late. For some reasons, I refused this invitation.At the same time, I will regard it as my duty to keep our environment clean and healthy.2语法填空(2018某某模拟)Ive been a volunteer at Radio Lollipop since May. It is one of the best _(experience) that Ive had in the last few years.Radio Lollipop is an international charity organization _(found)in 1979 to provide care, fort, games and entertainment for children in hospital.The service is provided _(entire) by volunteers who have been speciallyselected and trained to make a childs stay in hospital more interesting and less _(frighten)I help out regularly on Monday evenings after work at the Royal Hospital. Mytask is to deliver a smile to the children at the wards(病房) _ mightbe there for a few days or even a couple of months. _ is hard to findchildren on Monday, as the cinema at the hospital is open on that day. Most of them tend _(be) there.I am _(thank) for this opportunity to help children at the hospitaland make their stays more pleasant. The experience also _(help) me dealwith the difficulties and challenges that Ive been faced with in my own life. Iam now more positive in helping others and realize that everyone goes _ some pain and suffering from time to time.答案 experiences founded entirely17 / 20wordfrightening who/that It to be thankfulhelps through3短文改错(2018某某模拟 )Being a teacher is always believed to be one of greatestoccupations, because teachers make great contributions for the world. Last week,I got a chance to experience teaching students. Our school asked us to teach somekids live in the countryside. The kids was so happy that they gave me a warm wele.I teach them English and after class, we played games happily. We had a lot of funstogether. When I returned back to school, I missed the students so much. They likeme but some of them have kept in touch with me ever since. I felt so proudly of being a teacher.答案18 / 20word4写一篇短文(2018某某实验中学测试)假设你的朋友 Tom 写信向你询问你最近的学习生活状况，请 你以 Li Hua 的身份给 Tom 回信，内容应包括以下要点：1目前的学习生活状况。2高中的苦与乐，对未来的打算。3英语学习方面有困难，希望得到一些帮助。4邀请对方来中国游玩，期盼早日收到回信。注意：字数 100 词左右；可适当发挥，使上下文连贯。Dear Tom，_Yours，Li Hua答案Dear_Tom，Thank you very much for your last letter which asked me something about my studyand life. Hows everything going? Im now writing this letter to tell you my recent situation.As far as Im concerned, my school life is busy but meaningful. On the one hand,I am busy preparing for the ing exams. Ihave to do muchhomework every day so thatI have little time to enjoy sunshine. On the other hand, I have made many friendswith my classmates. We get on well and help each other with our studies. In addition,my dream is to study puter science in university and bee an excellent puter engineerin the future. Iam sure I will realize my dream. Whatsmore, I just wonder if youcould help me and give me some advice because I have trouble in studying English.In a word, wele to China and Im glad to be your guide. Im looking forward to receiving your letter as soon as possible.Yours，Li_Hua19 / 20word20 / 20
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