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高中高考英语语法总结大全名词名词概论名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:名词专有名词普通名词个体名词可数名词集体名词物质名词不可数名词抽象名词名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s1.清辅音后读/s/;2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/map-mapsbag-bagscar-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buses watch-watchesce, se, ze, (d)ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加es读/z/baby-babies其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:two Marysthe Henrysmonkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比较: 层楼:storey -storeysstory-stories2)以o结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo-photospiano-pianosradio-radioszoo-zoos;b.加es,如:potatopotatoestomatotomatoesc.均可,如:zero-zeros / zeroes3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:a.加s,如:belief-beliefsroof-roofssafe-safesgulf-gulfs;b.去f, fe加-ves,如:half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves;c.均可,如:handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1)child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-women注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japaneseli,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:people police cattle等本身就是复数,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。b. news是不可数名词。c. the United States,the United Nations应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书。5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜)trousers, clothes若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼不可数名词量的表示1)物质名词a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时。比较:Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数)These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。This factory produces steel.(不可数)We need various steels.(可数)c.当物质名词表示份数时,可数。Our country is famous for tea.我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please.请来两杯茶。2) 抽象名词有时也可数。four freedoms四大自由the four modernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如:a glass of water一杯水a piece of advice一条建议定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。如:sports meeting运动会students reading-room学生阅览室talks table谈判桌the foreign languages department外语系2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials3)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。如:goods train (货车)arms produce武器生产customs papers海关文件clothes brush衣刷4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。如:two-dozen eggs两打/(二十四个鸡蛋)a ten-mile walk十里路two-hundred trees两百棵树a five-year plan.一个五年计划个别的有用复数作定语的,如:a seven-years child不同国家的人的单复数名称总称(谓语用复数)一个人两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下:1) 单数名词词尾加s,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加s,如the boys bag男孩的书包,mens room男厕所。2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加,如:the workers struggle工人的斗争。3) 凡不能加s的名词,都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song歌的名字。4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barbers理发店。5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有s,则表示分别有;只有一个s,则表示共有。如:Johns and Marys room(两间)John and Marys room(一间)6) 复合名词或短语,s加在最后一个词的词尾。如:a month or twos absence代词人称代词的用法1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如:John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如:When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾 语,them做介词宾语,her作主语补语)a. - Who broke the vase?-谁打碎了花瓶?b. -Me.-我。(me作主语补语= Its me.)说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。人称代词之主、宾格的替换1)宾格代替主格a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后,多用宾语。- I like English.-我喜欢英语。- Me too.-我也喜欢。- Have more wine?-再来点酒喝吗?- Notme.-我可不要了。b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。He is taller than I/me.He is taller than I am.2)主格代替宾格a.在介词but,except后,有时可用主格代替宾格。b.在电话用语中常用主格。- I wish to speak to Mary. -我想和玛丽通话。- This is she. -我就是玛丽。注意:在动词be或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。I thought it was she.我以为是她。(主格-主格)I thought it to be her.(宾格-宾格)I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格-主格)They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格-宾格)代词的指代问题1)不定代词anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone,someone,everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him代替。Nobody came, did he?谁也没来,是吗?2)动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩。Give the cat some food. She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。3)指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用she。并列人称代词的排列顺序1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称 第三人称 第一人称you he/she; it - IYou, he and I should return on time.2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称 第二人称 第三人称weyouThey注意: 在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。a.在承认错误,承担责任时,It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。b.在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称, 如:I and you try to finish it.c.并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时,d.当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。物主代词1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,例如:John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的-s属格结构,例如:Jacks cap意为The cap is Jacks.His cap意为The cap is his.2)名词性物主代词的句法功能a.作主语,例如:May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。b.作宾语,例如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。c.作介词宾语,例如:Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。d.作主语补语,例如:The life I have is yours. Its yours. Its yours.我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。双重所有格物主代词不可与a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。公式为:a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如:a friend of mine.each brother of his.反身代词1) 列表Iyouyoushehemyselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfwetheyitoneourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself2)做宾语a.有些动词需有反身代词absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behaveWe enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。b.用于及物动词+宾语+介词take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.I could not dress (myself) up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。Please sit down.请坐。3) 作表语; 同位语be oneself: I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。4) 在不强调的情况下,but, except, for等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如:No one but myself (me) is hurt.注意:a.反身代词本身不能单独作主语。(错) Myself drove the car.(对) I myself drove the car.我自己开车。b.但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself作主语。Charles and myself saw it.5)第二人称作宾语,要用反身代词。You should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。相互代词1)相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的,例如:It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.显而易见,不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。2) 相互代词的句法功能:a.作动词宾语;People should love one another.人们应当彼此相爱。b.可作介词宾语;Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other, 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多,例如:He put all the books beside each other.他把所有书并列摆放起来。He put all the books beside one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来。Usually these small groups were independent of each other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。c.相互代词可加-s构成所有格,例如:The students borrowed each others notes.学生们互借笔记。指示代词1) 指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:单数复数限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.代词:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.2)指示代词的句法功能;a.作主语This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。b.作宾语I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。c.作主语补语My point is this.我的观点就是如此。d.作介词宾语I dont say no to that.我并未拒绝那个。There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。说明1:指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)(错)He is going to marry this.(this作宾语时不能指人)(对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)说明2:That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。(对) He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)(错) He admired that who danced well.(that作宾语时不能指人)(对) He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)(对) He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)疑问代词1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:指人:who, whom, whose指物:what既可指人又可指物:which2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较:疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk?桌上的书是谁的?What was the directional flow ofU. S.territorial expansion?美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?限定词:Whose books are these on the desk?桌上的书是谁的?What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of theUnited States?哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?说明1:无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which和what所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:Which girls do you like best?你喜欢哪几个姑娘?What girls do you like best?你喜欢什么样的姑娘?说明2:Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom,例如:Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)Who(m) are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)说明3:疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如:For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)What are you looking for?你在找什么?(现代英语)说明4:疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:I cant make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。关系代词1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。)2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that可指人也可指物,见下:限定性非限定性限定性指人指物指人或指物主 格whowhichthat宾 格whomthatthat属 格whoseof which/whoseof which/whose例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例如:He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。说明: 关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略, 例如:Ive forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。Hes changed. Hes not the man he was.他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。every, no, all, both,.1)不定代词有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。2) 不定代词的功能与用法a.除every和no外不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。I have no idea about it.b. all都,指三者以上。all的主谓一致:all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。All goes well.一切进展得很好。all通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:不说all the book,而说the whole book。但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如all day,all night,all the year; 但习惯上不说all hour,all century。all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如all China,all the city,all my life,all the way3)both都,指两者。a. both与复数动词连用,但both and可与单数名词连用。b. both, all都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前,be动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.4)neither两者都不a. neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数。b.作定语与单数名词连用,但neither nor用作并列连词,可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。c.可用于下列句型,避免重复。She cant sing,neither (can) he.neither与nord.如前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither,而不用nor。If you dont do it,neither should I.如果你不干,我也不干。e.如后连续有几个否定句式,则用nor,不用neither。He cant sing,nor dance,nor skate.none, few, some, any,.一、none无1) none作主语,多与of构成短语none of。 在答语中,none可单独使用。Are there any pictures on the wall? None.2) none作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致。It is none of your business.二、few一些,少数few作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于肯定句。三、some一些1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。2)当做某一解时,也可与单数名词连用。(= a certain)You will be sorry for this some day.总有一天,你会后悔这件事的。A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.某些人不同意你的看法。注意:(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。(2)some用于其他句式中:a.肯定疑问句中:说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。Would you like句式中,表委婉请求或建议,如:Would you like some coffee?b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时,如:If you need some help,let me know.c. some位于主语部分,Some students havent been there before.d.当否定的是整体中的部分时,some可用于否定句。如:I havent heard from some of my old friends these years.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。四、any一些1)any多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有任何的意思时,any可用于肯定句。Here are three novels. You may read any.这有三本小说,你可任读一本。五、one, ones为复数形式ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,则用some, any,而不用ones。Have you bought any rulers? Yes,I ve bought some.代词比较辩异one, that和itone表示泛指,that和it表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it与所指名词为同一个。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.(同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。one/another/the otherone the other只有两个some the others有三个以上one another,anothersome others,othersothers = other people/thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部1)泛指另一个用another。2)一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用the other。3)一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用one (another),第三个可用the other,a third。4)一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。5)泛指别的人或物时,用others当在一定范围内,除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部时,也用others。the的妙用He is one of the students who help me.He is the one of the students who helps me.他是帮我的学生之一。第一句定语从句与the students一致。第二句定语从句与the one一致。anyone/any one;.1anyone和any oneanyone仅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。2no one和nonea)none后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而no one只单独使用,只指人。b)none作主语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。None of you could lift it.你们中没有人可举起它。- Did any one call me up just now?-刚才有人打电话给我吗?- No one.-没有。3every和each1)every强调全体的概念,each强调个体概念。Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。Each student may have one book.每个学生都可有一本书。2)every指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。3)every只作形容词,不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。Every student has to take one.Each boy has to take one.Each of the boys has to take one.4)every不可以作状语,each可作状语。5)every有反复重复的意思,如every two weeks等;each没有。6)every与not连用,表示部分否定;each和not连用表示全部否定。Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。Each man is not honest.这儿每个人都不诚实。both, either, neither,.这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be动词之后,行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。1)both (两者都),either(两者中任何一个),neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。2) both,eitherboth与复数连用,either与单数连用。Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。There are flowers on both sides of the street.(两岸)There are flowers on either side of the street.(岸的两边)路边长满了野花。3) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一个),none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。注意:all与none用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词。All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那。All (of) the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那。many, muchMany,much都意为许多,many +可数名词,much +不可数名词。How many people are there at the meeting?How much time has we left?Many of the workers were at the meeting.Much of the time was spent on learning.few, little, a few,.(a) few +可数名词, (a) little +不可数名词a few / a little为肯定含义,还有一点few / little为否定含义,没有多少了。He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time.我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。典型例题:Although he s wealthy,he spends_ on clothes.A. littleB. fewC. a littleD. a few答案:A. spend所指的是钱,不可数,只能用little或a little.本句为although引导的让步状语从句,由句意知后句为否定含义,因此应用little表示几乎不。固定搭配:only a few (=few)not a few (=many)quite a few (=many)many a (=many)Many books were sold.Many a book was sold.卖出了许多书冠词和数词不定冠词的用法冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。不定冠词a (an)与数词one同源,是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作e,而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做en。1)表示一个,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2)代表一类人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting with.Mr. Smith is an engineer.3)词组或成语。a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有那(这)个的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Take the medicine.把药吃了。2)上文提到过的人或事:He bought a house. Ive been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3)指世上独一物二的事物:the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar美元;the fox狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich富人; the living生者。5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂
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