英语笔译实务

by vivi chenContentslAbout the courselLead-in to Unit 1 lAssignmentAbout the coursePurposeRequirements for studentsArrangements Methods of teachingAssessment Methods of teachinglExplaining&demonstratinglGroup worklTopic translation practicelNetworkAssessmentAttendance 10%Class participation 15%Exercise 15%Final exam 60%Final examlMultiple choice questions (2*10)lPutting the sentences into Chinese (2*10)lPutting the sentences into English (2*10)lPutting the passage into Chinese (20*1)lPutting the passage into English (20*1)Lead-in lTranslating technique-conversionlPractice-sentence translatinglPractice on the topic of tourismTranslating technique(1)ConversionslIn order to smooth the translation,some parts of speech in respective language have to be converted.The conversion in translation generally takes following forms 1、nonsubject subject（1）object of preposition subjectl There are four seasons in a year.一年一年有四季。l Now,heat is being added to the substance.现在这种物质物质正在加热。a year.the substancel At least two quarts of water are required daily by a normal individual.一个正常的人一个正常的人每天至少需要两夸脱的水。l High-quality machines of various types are produced in our country.我国我国生产各种类型的优质机器。our countrya normal individual（2）object of verbs subjectlAn automobile must have a brake with high efficiency.汽车的煞车煞车必须高度有效。lIce is not so dense as water and therefore it floats.冰的密度密度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。lTwo widely used alloys of copper are brass and bronze.黄铜和青铜黄铜和青铜是两种广泛使用的铜合金。a brake densebrassand bronze2、non-predicate predicate（1）attributive predicatel Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon.锰对钢的强度的影响和和矽相同相同。lSolids have a shape independent of the container.固体的形状与与容器无关无关。sameindependent（2）subject predicatelA glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。lA view of Mt.Fuji can be obtained from here.从这里可以看到看到富士山。A glance A view（3）other parts of speech predicate some adjectives,adverbs,prepositions,nouns or prepositional phrases can be converted into predicate especially when they serve as predictive in the sentence.lThe fact that she was able to send a message was a hint.But I had to be cautious.她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示，但是我必必须小心谨慎须小心谨慎。lAs he ran out,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿穿鞋子。（形容词译成谓语）（形容词译成谓语）（副词译成谓语）（副词译成谓语）be cautiousonlThis explanation is against the natural laws.这种解释违反违反自然规律。lWe were on the supposition that they could improve the complex machine.我们认为认为他们能改进这台复杂的机器。lHe was a regular visitor.他以前常来常来。（介词译成谓语）（介词译成谓语）（介词短语译成谓语（介词短语译成谓语）（名词译成谓语）（名词译成谓语）against on the supposition a regular visitor 3、non-object object（1）subject objectlWhen power is spoken of,time is taken into account.说到功率功率时，总是把时间计算在内。lThe workers were seen repairing the machine.（我们）看见工人工人在修理机器。powerThe workers 4、non-attributive attributive（1）subject attributiveFor the sake of emphasis of some parts,thesubject of the sentence can be converted into attributive.lVarious substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.各种材料的各种材料的磁特性有很大的不同。lWithout air,the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.没有空气，地球的地球的温度会发生极大变化。Various substances the earth（2）adverbial attributive some adverbials(mostly adverbials of place)located at the beginning of the sentence can be converted into attributives.lIn this world,things are complicated and are decided by many factors.世界上的世界上的事情是复杂的，是由各方面的因素决定的。lThroughout the world,oil consumption is growing rapidly.全世界的全世界的石油消耗量正在迅速增长。In this worldThroughout the worldPractice1.The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering ring around the two men.2.他们一不会做工，二不会耕地，三不会打仗。他们一不会做工，二不会耕地，三不会打仗。3.Out of all the glorious tales written about the U.S.revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a black man was the first to die for American independence.Practice4.中国已经成功地发射了第一颗试验通信卫星。这中国已经成功地发射了第一颗试验通信卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。了一个新阶段。5.Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in this direction.Practice6.The beauty of our country or at least all of it south of the Highlands is as hard to define as it is easy to enjoy.7.随着中国旅游市场迅速扩大，人们正在创造更好随着中国旅游市场迅速扩大，人们正在创造更好的环境，以促进旅游市场进一步发展。的环境，以促进旅游市场进一步发展。8.There is a combination of enthusiasm and excitement that is felt while travelling.New foods,different faces,foreign languages,and interesting customs all fascinate the travelers.Practice9.专家认为，提倡旅游业与环境保持和谐是所有国专家认为，提倡旅游业与环境保持和谐是所有国家的共同选择。家的共同选择。10.The idea of going to Europe just for scenery is my idea of a misspent journey when there are so many different cultures to explore and historical and artistic experiences to absorb.Reference1.水手们兴高采烈，蜂拥而至，将这两个人围成水手们兴高采烈，蜂拥而至，将这两个人围成了一圈。了一圈。2.They do not know a thing about factory work,nor about farm work,nor about military affairs.3.即使遍读关于美国为摆脱英国统治争取独立而即使遍读关于美国为摆脱英国统治争取独立而进行革命的光辉纪事，却也很难了解第一个为美进行革命的光辉纪事，却也很难了解第一个为美国独立而捐躯的原来是一个黑人。国独立而捐躯的原来是一个黑人。Reference4.The successful launching of chinas first experimental communications satellite,which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since,indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.5.思想独立的观察家们对你们在这个方面所取得的思想独立的观察家们对你们在这个方面所取得的成就给与了很好的评价。成就给与了很好的评价。Reference6.我们美丽的国家我们美丽的国家至少苏格兰高地以南的地至少苏格兰高地以南的地带带有目共赏而难以描绘。有目共赏而难以描绘。7.As the Chinese tourism market expands at a high speed,a good environment is being created to further drive its development.8.旅行时，人会有一种激动兴奋的感觉。新奇的食旅行时，人会有一种激动兴奋的感觉。新奇的食品、不同的面孔、外国的语言，以及有趣的风俗，品、不同的面孔、外国的语言，以及有趣的风俗，所有这些都令游客们心悦神迷。所有这些都令游客们心悦神迷。Reference9.Experts hold that it is a common choice for all the countries to advocate the harmony between the environment and the tourism industry.10.在我看来，欧洲有这么多不同的文化值得探索，在我看来，欧洲有这么多不同的文化值得探索，那么多历史和艺术遗产可以欣赏，如果去那里只那么多历史和艺术遗产可以欣赏，如果去那里只是为了看看风景，真是枉了此行。是为了看看风景，真是枉了此行。Unit 1 TourismlUseful expressionslSupplementary practicelTranslating technique the selection of wordslReferencelRelated practicelAssignmentUseful Expressionsla brochure of scenic spotlaccess to wheelchairs in the tourist 景区设置的轮椅通道景区设置的轮椅通道la cursory triplaerobic capacityla hub of land traffic and logistics 陆路交通枢纽和物流中心陆路交通枢纽和物流中心lan annual capacity of handling 5 million passengers景区的观光手册景区的观光手册走马观花之行走马观花之行供氧能力供氧能力年旅客吞吐量为年旅客吞吐量为500万人次万人次lapply for a visalaround-the-world cruiserla seaside resortla theme parkla travel bufflaudio guidelautomatic deposit box申请签证申请签证环球游船环球游船海滨度假胜地海滨度假胜地主题公园主题公园旅游爱好者旅游爱好者电子讲解机电子讲解机自动寄存箱自动寄存箱la vacation wonderlandla world geological parkla year-round tourist destination 全年开放的旅游胜地全年开放的旅游胜地lbudget airlineslcameras are forbidden lchartered buslchefs special lclip/punch the ticket度假的天堂度假的天堂世界地质公园世界地质公园便宜的、经济型航空公司便宜的、经济型航空公司包车包车禁止拍照禁止拍照厨师特荐菜；招牌菜厨师特荐菜；招牌菜剪票剪票lcollecting and distributing center for small commoditieslcontact the visitor center for more informationldown paymentldrawbridgelearth-circling flight lecotourism小商品集散中心小商品集散中心预付订金预付订金 吊桥吊桥环球飞行环球飞行生态旅游生态旅游咨询详细信息请联系游客服务中心咨询详细信息请联系游客服务中心lenjoy a birds-eye view of the citylenjoy service at a preferential price 享受优惠价格享受优惠价格lensemble of ancient royal architecture 古代宫殿建筑群古代宫殿建筑群lexcess luggagelfeature tourlFerris wheellfestooned vehicle parade俯瞰城市全景俯瞰城市全景超重行李超重行李特色旅游特色旅游摩天轮摩天轮花车巡游花车巡游lget in through the wicketlInternational Ecotourism Society 国际生态旅游协会国际生态旅游协会lin the scarcely settled grasslands 在人烟稀少的大草原在人烟稀少的大草原lissue a visallocker servicelmarine ecosystemlmonsoon climate从检票口通过从检票口通过签发签证签发签证寄存行李寄存行李海洋生态系统海洋生态系统季风气候季风气候lnatural landscape(scenery)lnatural spalnewly introduced entertainment in the tourist sitelobservation deckloccupancy ratelpackage tourlpack-sack自然风景自然风景天然水疗中心天然水疗中心最新引入景区的游乐项目最新引入景区的游乐项目观光台观光台入住率入住率团体游团体游旅行背包旅行背包lpleasure cruiserlprovide free interpretation service 提供免费讲解服务提供免费讲解服务lread through safety instructionslrecreational resortlrecreational travellrent ski equipmentlride the roller coaster游轮；游览航行游轮；游览航行细读安全须知细读安全须知休闲度假胜地休闲度假胜地休闲性旅游休闲性旅游租用滑雪用具租用滑雪用具坐过山车坐过山车lroom reservationlround-trip ticket/one-way ticketlsafari/wildlife parklscenic spots often visited by tourists 游客常去的景点游客常去的景点 lshore excursionlsightseeing buses/cable carlsustainable tourismltake dragon as the mascot客房预约客房预约往返票往返票/单程票单程票野生动物园野生动物园上岸旅行观光上岸旅行观光游览车游览车/缆车缆车可持续观光可持续观光把龙当作吉祥物把龙当作吉祥物lticket boothltoken(coin)/token for games/a gift token 代用币代用币/游戏币游戏币/礼品卷礼品卷ltourism economistsltourism logoltourism receiptsltourist coach(bus)ltourist service center/visitor center 游客服务中心游客服务中心售票厅售票厅旅游经济师旅游经济师旅游标识语旅游标识语旅游收入旅游收入旅游车旅游车ltourist trapltrainee guide/volunteer guide 实习导游实习导游/义务导游义务导游lupper,middle or lower berthlvacant berthlvalid visalvehicle-free promenadelvisa-free travel旅行陷阱旅行陷阱上铺，中铺或下铺上铺，中铺或下铺空着的卧铺（未卖出）空着的卧铺（未卖出）有效签证有效签证步行街步行街免（申办）签证旅行免（申办）签证旅行lwalk on the plank pathlwatch the rising sunlwater-curtain movie/four-dimension movie 水幕电影水幕电影/四维电影四维电影lweek-long art festivallwilderness tourismlWorld Carnival在栈道上行走在栈道上行走观日出观日出为期一周的艺术节为期一周的艺术节荒野旅游荒野旅游环球嘉年华环球嘉年华一般词汇一般词汇n旅游常客旅游常客 regular member 纪念品纪念品 souvenir n带队小旗带队小旗 pennant 度假营度假营 holiday camp n观光团观光团 sightseeing party 旅游护照旅游护照 tourist passport n向导向导 conductor 宿营地宿营地 tourist parkn旅程旅程 itinerary 旅游签证旅游签证 tourist visan旺季旺季 busy season 旅游指南旅游指南 tourist guide n市区旅游市区旅游 city tour 旅游胜地旅游胜地 tourist attractionn周游世界周游世界 globe tour 海滨胜地海滨胜地 seaside resortn公费旅游公费旅游 junket 市区图市区图 city map n包价旅行包价旅行 package tour 淡季淡季 off-seasonn名胜名胜 scenic spot 游览游览 excursionn古迹古迹 historic site 旅行社旅行社 travel agencyn自助游自助游 independent travel 自然保护区自然保护区 natural reserve n世界自然和文化遗产世界自然和文化遗产 World Heritage Sites (WHS)n旅游黄金周旅游黄金周 golden week for tourism n经典线路经典线路 classic travel route 国内游国内游 inbound tourism n古建筑群古建筑群 ancient architectural complex n鱼米之乡鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 描写性词汇描写性词汇 奇峰异石奇峰异石 picturesque peaks and rocks 奇花异草奇花异草 exotic flowers and herbs 青山不断青山不断 Green hills roll on endlessly 群山环抱群山环抱 be surrounded by mountains/hills 高山水急高山水急 Mountains are high and torrents are swift.山峦迭翠山峦迭翠 range upon range of green hills 拾级而上拾级而上 ascend step by step 天下奇观天下奇观 wondrous spectacle 亭台楼阁亭台楼阁 elegant buildings for landscaping purposes 蜿蜒曲折蜿蜒曲折 winding and zigzagging 万紫千红万紫千红 a riot of colorsn相映成趣相映成趣 form delightful contrast心旷神怡心旷神怡 completely relaxed and happyn悬崖绝壁悬崖绝壁 sheer precipices and overhanging rocks绚丽多姿绚丽多姿 gorgeous and colorful寻幽探胜寻幽探胜 search for seclusion and beautiful scenery烟波浩渺烟波浩渺 a wide expanse of misty waters一览无余一览无余 have a commanding view of一片苍茫的海天景色一片苍茫的海天景色 a vast expanse of sea and skyn依山傍水依山傍水 nestling under a mountain and near a rivern郁郁葱葱郁郁葱葱 luxuriant and green枝繁叶茂枝繁叶茂 luxuriant,sturdy and vigorous庄严肃穆庄严肃穆 solemn and serene巍然屹立巍然屹立 be towering and lofty蔚为壮观蔚为壮观 present a splendid sight熙熙攘攘熙熙攘攘 hustle and bustlen百花齐放百花齐放 all flowers are in bloom碧波荡漾碧波荡漾 green,rippling(lake)碧水清山碧水清山 a world of shimmering green hills and clear azure water苍松翠柏苍松翠柏 luxuriant cypresses and pines层峦叠嶂层峦叠嶂 range upon range of hills/mountains姹紫嫣红姹紫嫣红 a blaze of bright colors崇山峻岭崇山峻岭 towering and steep mountains船移景换船移景换 Each turn of the boat affords a different scenery雕梁画栋雕梁画栋 carved beams and painted rafters洞天福地洞天福地 scenery of exceptional charm飞流急湍飞流急湍 Waters rush down in whirlpools and rapids峰回路转峰回路转 the paths running sinuously amidst the peaks Practice San Francisco San Francisco,open your Golden Gate,sang the girl in the theatre.She never finished her song.That date was 18th April,1906.The earth shook and the roof suddenly divided,buildings crashed to the ground and people rushed out into the streets.The dreadful earthquake destroyed the city that had grown up when men discovered gold in the deserts of Califounia.But today the streets of San Francisco stretch over more than forty steep hills,rising like huge cliffs above the blue waters of the Pacific Ocean.Reference 漫步旧金山漫步旧金山 “旧金山，敞开你的金门吧！旧金山，敞开你的金门吧！”剧院里女歌手剧院里女歌手唱道，可惜她再也没能唱完。这一天是唱道，可惜她再也没能唱完。这一天是1906 1906 年年4 4 月川日，大地震动，屋顶猛地开裂，楼房轰轰倒塌，月川日，大地震动，屋顶猛地开裂，楼房轰轰倒塌，人们纷纷从屋里逃出，冲上街头。这座城市早在人人们纷纷从屋里逃出，冲上街头。这座城市早在人们于加州沙澳发现金矿起，就兴盛起来，然而却遭们于加州沙澳发现金矿起，就兴盛起来，然而却遭此可怕的地震，毁于一旦。时至今日，旧金山的街此可怕的地震，毁于一旦。时至今日，旧金山的街道四处延伸（四通八达），遍布四十多座陡峭的小道四处延伸（四通八达），遍布四十多座陡峭的小山像悬崖峭壁般高耸于太平洋蓝色的海域之上。山像悬崖峭壁般高耸于太平洋蓝色的海域之上。The best way to see this splendid city,where Spanish people were the first to make their homes,is to take one of the old cable cars which run along the nine main avenues.Fares are cheap;they have not risen,Im told,for almost a hundred years.Practice 要游览这座西班牙人最早落户的绚丽城市，最要游览这座西班牙人最早落户的绚丽城市，最好的办法是乘坐旧式缆车，缆车穿越九条主大街，好的办法是乘坐旧式缆车，缆车穿越九条主大街，收费低廉，据说近百年来一直没涨过价。收费低廉，据说近百年来一直没涨过价。Reference You leave the palm trees in Union Squarethe heart of San Franciscoand from the shop signs and the faces around you,you will notice that in the city live people from many nationsAustrians,Italians,Chinese and othersgiving each part a special character.More Chinese live in China Town than in any other part of the world outside China.Here,with Chinese restaurants,Chinese post-boxes,and even odd telephone-boxes that look like pagodas,it is easy to feel you are in China itself.PracticeReference 联合广场是旧金山的中心你从广场棕联合广场是旧金山的中心你从广场棕桐树下向外行，扫视店铺招牌和周围形形色色桐树下向外行，扫视店铺招牌和周围形形色色的面孔，就会注意到这座城市里居住着来自许的面孔，就会注意到这座城市里居住着来自许多国家的人多国家的人 奥地利人、意大利人、中国人奥地利人、意大利人、中国人等等等等 这就使每一地段呈现出迥然不同的特这就使每一地段呈现出迥然不同的特色。唐人街住着许多华人，其人数之众远远超色。唐人街住着许多华人，其人数之众远远超过本土之外任何地方。这里有中国风味的餐馆、过本土之外任何地方。这里有中国风味的餐馆、中国式邮筒，甚至还有奇异的电话亭，形如宝中国式邮筒，甚至还有奇异的电话亭，形如宝塔凡此种种，就令你犹若置身中国境内了。塔凡此种种，就令你犹若置身中国境内了。Fishermans Wharf,a place all foreigners want to see,is at the end of the ride.You get out,pause perhaps to help the other travelers to swing the cable car on its turntable(a city custom),and then set out to find a table in one of the gay little restaurants beside the harbor.As you enjoy the fresh Pacific seafood you can admire the bright red paint of the Golden Gate Bridge in the harbor and watch the traffic crossing beneath the tall towers on its way to the pretty village of Tiberon.Practice 缆车的终点站是缆车的终点站是“渔民码头渔民码头”，海外游客均想，海外游客均想一睹为快。你下车后，稍做停留，遵照当地风俗，一睹为快。你下车后，稍做停留，遵照当地风俗，帮助其他游客推动转车台上的缆车，使之掉头转向，帮助其他游客推动转车台上的缆车，使之掉头转向，然后移步到码头旁边一家装饰华丽的小饭馆里，找然后移步到码头旁边一家装饰华丽的小饭馆里，找个座位坐下。你可以一边品尝太平洋的海鲜，更能个座位坐下。你可以一边品尝太平洋的海鲜，更能一边欣赏海港里漆色鲜红的金门大桥，观看林立的一边欣赏海港里漆色鲜红的金门大桥，观看林立的高楼之下通往美丽村庄高楼之下通往美丽村庄“蒂伯龙蒂伯龙”的交通线上络绎的交通线上络绎不绝的车辆。不绝的车辆。ReferencePracticel可摄像的手机可摄像的手机/手机相机手机相机 camera phone/phone cameral喇叭话筒喇叭话筒l大昭寺大昭寺l藏传佛教藏传佛教megaphonethe Jokhang TempleTibetan BuddhismPractice 西藏西藏 西藏曾经是偏远的代名词，但最近几年，这里西藏曾经是偏远的代名词，但最近几年，这里的建设和旅游业都迅猛发展，把手机相机、挥舞着喇的建设和旅游业都迅猛发展，把手机相机、挥舞着喇叭话筒的导游们都带到了大昭寺这样的景点。西藏旅叭话筒的导游们都带到了大昭寺这样的景点。西藏旅游业的高歌猛进要归结于中国人收入的增加、中国人游业的高歌猛进要归结于中国人收入的增加、中国人对藏传佛教的越来越着迷以及通往世界屋脊的交通状对藏传佛教的越来越着迷以及通往世界屋脊的交通状况的改善等多种因素。今年夏天，中国启动了一条通况的改善等多种因素。今年夏天，中国启动了一条通往西藏的铁路，堪称工程学的一大奇迹。这条铁路全往西藏的铁路，堪称工程学的一大奇迹。这条铁路全程爬升高度达程爬升高度达48764876米，为世界之最。米，为世界之最。Reference Tibet Once almost a synonym for remoteness,Tibet has in recent years experienced rapid(a surge of)development and tourism,bringing camera phones and tour guides/leaders waving/wielding megaphones to sites like the Jokhang Temple.Tourism to Tibet is increasing quickly/jumping/soaring/skyrocketing,a result of rising Chinese incomes,growing Chinese fascination with Tibetan Buddhism and easier access to the Roof of the World.This summer,China opened a railway leading to Tibet,which is a marvelous engineering feat(Beijing unveiled an engineering marvel of a train line to Tibet).The train climbs to a height of 4.876 meters,becoming the highest railroad in the world.一名导游对记者说：一名导游对记者说：“我必须我必须来来这里，这这里，这里有钱赚啊。里有钱赚啊。”这股旅游热潮还只是刚刚开始。尽管西藏这股旅游热潮还只是刚刚开始。尽管西藏20042004年年接待游客约为接待游客约为120 120 万之多，但一位官员预万之多，但一位官员预计，到计，到20202020年，西藏游客可能增加到年，西藏游客可能增加到1200 1200 万。万。Practice “I had to come here,”a tour guide told me during my visit to Tibet this summer.“This is where I can make money.This tourism boom is only the beginning.Though in 2004 Tibet received some 1.2 million tourists,an official estimated that 12 million visitors may come by 2020.Reference 对很多西方游客来说，游客的激增更增加了他对很多西方游客来说，游客的激增更增加了他们去西藏的迫切感，因为他们认为现在还能辨认出们去西藏的迫切感，因为他们认为现在还能辨认出这里独特的文化和脆弱的环境。然而正当更多外国这里独特的文化和脆弱的环境。然而正当更多外国游客考虑进藏旅游时，西藏也正在变得更加舒适，游客考虑进藏旅游时，西藏也正在变得更加舒适，更加便于自助游客的进出，而且也具备了高档的住更加便于自助游客的进出，而且也具备了高档的住宿条件。宿条件。Practice For many Western travelers,the tourism surge/boom has added to the urgency of getting to Tibet while they think they can still recognize its unique culture and fragile/weak/vulnerable environment.Yet even as more foreigners consider visiting,Tibet is becoming more comfortable,with easier access for independent travelers and higher-end/deluxe accommodations.ReferenceTranslating technique the selection of words1.Better understanding of the source material context connection denotation&connotation2.Selection of the word forms in C-E translation.C(without morphology)E(with morphology)*verbs are more or less colloquial,while nouns and gerunds are quite formal.Reference 1.He smokes heavily.He is a heavy smoker.2.She loves music very much and has a gift for dancing.She has a love for music and a gift for dancing.She is a greater lover of music and a gifted dancer.3.You must be bad at learning,or else your teacher must be bad at teaching.You must be a bad learner,or else you must be going to a bad teacher.Reference4.Please dont stand up before the bus has fully stopped.Please dont stand up before the bus comes to a full stop.5.You must know the history and culture of the country well before you can qualify as a tourist guide.You must have a good knowledge of the history and culture of the country before you can be a qualified tourist guide.Reference6.You must expose yourself to English as much as possible if you are to learn it well.You must get as much exposure to English as possible if you are to learn it well.7.It would be impossible to realise the Four Modernizations without strong Party leadership.The realization of the Four Modernizations would be impossible without strong Party leadership.Reference8.In the 1980s,a great number of township enterprises emerged in China,which brought unprecedented vitality to the counts economy.The emergence of a great number of township enterprises in China in the 1980s brought unprecedented vitality to the counts economy.9.This event itself indicates their sincere wish to cooperate with us.This event itself is an indication of their sincere wish to cooperate with us.Reference10.The beautiful apple,peach and pomegranate hang their fruit on their branches and make people admire them at first sight with their brilliant colors.The beautiful apple,peach and pomegranate hang their fruit on their branches and draw peoples admiration at first sight with their brilliant colors.Related practice1.计算机比人检查的更细心更勤快。2.他们不仅雇佣工人，也雇佣经理。3.教材不按时送到就会打乱我们的教学计划。4.这类预言要是为实验所验证，那么，理论即得到了支持，并可导致形成某个定律或原理。5.2003年10月16日，中国第一架载人宇宙飞船安全返回地面。这标志着中国成为继美国和前苏联之后的第三个成功将人类送上太空的国家。Reference 1.The computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human beings.2.They are the employers of managers,as much as they are the employers of work people.3.Any delay in the delivery of the textbooks will disturb our teaching plan.4.Verification of these predictions by experiment supports the theory and may lead to formulation of a law or principle.Reference5.The safe return of chinas first manned spaceship on October 16,2003,has made china the third country in the world that has successfully sent man into space following the united states and the former soviet union.AssignmentComplete the translating exercises on p4&p8.Review the sample translations in unit 1.Try to finish the passage translations on p12.Unit 3 EconomylTranslating technique negativeness&affirmativeness lUseful expressionslSupplementary practicelTranslating technique the selection of wordslRelated practicelAssignment70I.Reasons for using Affirmative-negative or negative-affirmative expressing way.lDuring the process of E-C or C-E translation,due to different ways or habit of expressing,the transfer of affirmative expression into negative one or vice versa is not only frequent but necessary.lThe reasons of using this method is,lfirst,to express the exact meaning of the source language smoothly;l second,to conform to norms of the target language.71II.Brief definiti