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简单句 并列句和复合句英语的句子可以分为简单句、并列句、复合句。并列句和复合句又都是由简单句组成。一 简单句简单句的五个基本句型：句型例句主句+系动词+表语My mother is a teacher.主语+不及物动词Time flies.主语+及物动词+宾语We like English.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He asked me a question.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补助语I found the book interesting.1.主语系动词表语 这一句型说明主语是什么或怎么样；谓语动词需用系动词；表语多为形容词，也可为名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。常见的系动词有：be，become，look，seem，appear，get，feel，grow，turn，remain，come，fall，hold，keep，smell，sound，taste等。如：This machine is in good condition.这台机器的情况良好。The garden smells pleasant.这座花园香气宜人。All these dictionaries are a great help to me.所有这些词典都对我帮助很大。Her ideal has come true.她的理想实现了。 2主语动词 这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语也没有被动语态；但常带有状语。如：The water is boiling.水开了。The train will leave soon.火车就要开了。The gas has given out.煤气用完了。Such houses rent easily.这样的房子很容易租出去。I often go swimming in summer.我夏天常去游泳。Leaves fall when the autumn wind blows.秋风起，树叶落。3主语动词宾语 这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中，当一个动词(包括单个动词和动词短语)作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语(除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去)，否则会视为“句子不完整”。如：He has a sister.他有一个妹妹。They wanted to have a rest.他们想休息一会儿。I like taking risks.我喜欢冒险。He speaks English very fluently.他英语说得非常流利。4主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 在这一句型中谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy，make，cook，get，choose，sing，find等。间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give，lend，teach，take，return，send，pass等。如：She brought me a shirt.她给我带来一件衬衣。Pass him the dictionary，please.请将词典递给他。He showed me how to run the machine.他演示给我看怎样操作这台机器。That gentleman told us a funny story. 那位绅士给我们讲了个有趣的故事。I gave her a book.I gave a book to her. 我给了她一本书。He bought me a pen.He bought a pen for me. 他给我买了一支钢笔。5主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语 这一句型中动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语用来补充、说明宾语的情况。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、分词和介词短语等充当。常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有：elect，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep，make，notice，see，let，smell，start，watch，appoint，believe，call，catch，allow，ask，cause，consider，expect，know，tell，think，want，wish，listen to，look at等等。如：We elected him our monitor.我们选他当班长。President appointed John manager of Marketing. 总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。The news made me happy.那消息使我很高兴。He beat a friend of mine black and blue. 他把我的一位朋友打得青一块紫一块。We caught him stealing a watch from the counter. 我们当场抓住他从柜台里偷手表。I have got all the mistakes in my maths homework corrected. 特别提醒：简单句只有一个主谓关系。句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。如：China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.(两个主语，一个谓语)中国和中国人民在很多方面以难以置信的速度进步。Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention to by people.(两个谓语，一个主语)计算机对人类社会意味着很多东西，并越来越受到人们的重视。二并列句1.在两个或多个简单句之间加上并列连词，或加上分号，把简单句变成并列句，从而使句子的连贯性更强，表达也更为贴切、自然。如：Tom is our monitor now. He came to our school last year. Tom came to our school last year and he is our monitor now.Tom came to our school last year；he is our monitor now.Tom does his homework in the classroom. He sometimes does his homework at home. Tom does his homework either in the classroom or at home. Tom usually does his homework in the classroom，or at home sometimes.2熟记下列并列连词的意义和用法。(1)联合类：and，both.and，as well as，neither.nor，not only.but also.(2)选择类：or，or else，otherwise，either.or.,(3)转折类：but，still，however，yet，while，when(4)因果类 so，for，therefore, as a resultCome here on time tomorrow morning，otherwise/or you will miss a good chance. 明早一定按时来，否则你会失去一个好机会。I have a lot to do this evening，so I cant go shopping with you.Neither Tom nor his father could speak Chinese. 汤姆和他父亲都不会说汉语。He shook his head，for he thought differently.3however，but，while的用法比较。however另起新句，有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比，又表转折。He was ill，but he still kept on working. 他病了，可他还是坚持工作。What she said sounded reasonable，Mr.Green，however，didnt believe her. 她说得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。There is plenty of rain in the south while there is little rain in the north.南方多雨而北方少雨。温馨提示(1)so不能与because连用。(2)but，while不与although连用，但yet，still可与although连用。4包含并列连词的特殊句式。(1)祈使句，and/or主谓结构。(2)名词短语，and主谓结构。在 “祈使句，and/or主谓结构”的结构中，祈使句表示一个条件，and后的句子表示结果。在 “名词短语，and主谓结构”结构中，名词短语可能表示条件，也可能表示时间，and后的句子表示结果。例如：Climb to the top of the mountain，and youll get a good view of the city.Hurry up，or youll be late.Another five minutes，and Ill finish the composition.A few minutes and they went away.(3)be about to.when.正要这时突然He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily. 三、复合句包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词或关系代词引导。或者简单地说只要给一个简单句任意加上一个从句，复合句即可生成。主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句： 1.主语从句 2.宾语从句 3.表语从句 4.同位语从句 5.状语从句 6.定语从句(The meeting came to an end.)试加一个定语从句：(The meeting that they held in our classroom came to an end.)试加一个状语从句：(When we arrived，the meeting came to an end.)或：(The meeting came to an end though it was still early.)或：(Before I could speak anything，the meeting came to an end.)1.The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.2. A man who doesnt learn from others cant achieve much.3.The film had begun when we got to the cinema.4.What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.5.From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.6.Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
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