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Unit81.formal formalness formallyadj.（学校教育或培训）正规的；方式上的；礼仪上的n.须穿礼服的社交集会；夜礼服We were invited to a formal lunch. 我们被邀参加一次正式的午宴。2.poll poller polled polled polling pollsn.1.民意调查，民意测验 C2.选举投票，计票 C3.得票数v.1.获得票数 I,T2.投票，作民意调查Opinion poll show that the public preferred butter to margarine. 民意调查表明，公众更喜欢黄油而不是人造奶油。 2.residentn.1.居民，定居者，侨民 CThe residents of the town are proud of its new library. 该镇的居民都为镇上新建的图书馆感到自豪。 Im not a resident here. 我不是本地居民。 2.住院医生 C3.留鸟，无迁徙习性的动物 Cadj.1.居住的，定居的，常驻的2.住校的，住院的，住在住所的3.（鸟类等）无迁徙习性的4.固有的，内在的pute 词形变化:computed computed computing computesv.1.（用计算机或计算器）计算，估算；推断 I,THis failure to compute correctly resulted in an explosion. 他的计算失误导致了爆炸。 We can compute the circular area with radius 我们能用半径计算出圆的面积。 n.1.计算；估算；推断4. consumeristic a. 消费主义的 Consume v.1.吃；喝；饮 TOn Superbowl Sunday, Americans hold parties to watch television and consume beer, pizza, and na-chos. 举行超级杯赛的星期天，美国人会聚在一起观看 比赛，喝啤酒，吃比萨饼和纳克斯。 How we consume it has changed greatly over the centuries. 不过人们用什么方法喝咖啡，几个世纪以来已经有很大改变。 2. 烧毁；毁灭 T3.常用被动语态使全神贯注，使着迷；使充满（强烈的感情4.消耗，花费；耗尽 T5.挥霍，浪费 T6.购买；消费 T7.耗尽生命；被毁 8.利用商品 5.popular 词形变化:popularity popularly popularizeadj.1.流行的，受大众欢迎的，受喜爱的，受欢迎的，当红的Drinking tea at 4 pm is a popular british institution. 下午4点钟吃茶点是英国人很流行的习惯。 He whistled a popular tune. 他用口哨吹了一首流行曲调。 2.通俗的，大众（化）的 3.普通的；大众的，广泛的6. accounting n.会计学 Account 词形变化:accounted accounted accounting accountsn.1.帐，帐目，帐单He that gains well and spends well needs no account book 收支正当，无须记帐。 Some mapping between account names and security IDs was not done. 帐户名和安全ID间的某些映射未完成。 2. 帐户；客户3.记述，描述；报导(+of)4.根据，理由5.估价；价值,重要性7.humanity n.C1.人类；【总称】人2.人性；humanities人的属性3.人道；博爱；仁慈；humanities仁慈的行为4.（苏格兰大学里的）拉丁语研究5.the humanities（尤指古希腊和拉丁的）语言文学；人文学科；关于人的学问，人学 复数：humanities词义辨析man，mankind，humanity这些名词均有“人类”之意。man指各时代的全体人类。mankind集体名词，语体庄重，泛指过去、现在和未来的人类。humanity书面用词，集合名词，多用于文学作品中，作人类解时，侧重有同情心、理解力和崇高品质。1 Liss says humanity can emulate natures garbage-free ways, but it will require innovative technology and a big change in attitude.利斯说人类可以效仿自然界消除垃圾的方法，但这需要创新的科技和态度的重大转变8.ethnic adj.1.民族的，种族的ethnic minorities folkways and customs are closely related to peoples production and life. 少数民族的风俗习惯与群众生产生活息息相关。 China is a united country of many ethnic groups. 中国是一个统一的多民族国家。 2.具有民族特色的，异国风味的n.1.少数民族成员（尤指保留其语言、社会观点和固有习俗的）C2.(ethnics) 种族文化或民族背景，人种学 C更多详细释义9.enroll 词形变化:enrollee enrolled enrolled enrolling enrolls enrolsv.1.(enrol)（使）加入；注册；登记 I,TChina s universities and colleges generally enroll only outstanding middle school students or the equivalent. 一般说来，中国的大学所录取的只能是高中生以及同等学历中的佼佼者。 To withdraw from one educational institution or course of study and enroll in another. 转学退出一个教育机构或一门课程并加入到另一个中去。 10.elementary adj.1.初级的，基础的，基本的Here it refers to the elementary education that starts with learning to read and getting enlightened. 这里指的是从识字启蒙开始的基础教育。 The new laws deprived many people of the most elementary freedoms. 新法律剥夺了许多人的最基本的自由。 2.简单的，容易的3.【化】元素的11.secondary 词形变化:secondaries secondariness secondarilyAdj. 1.第二的；第二次的A well-developed secondary mortgage market plays a useful role in channelling long-term funds. 发展完善的第二按揭市场，对开辟长期融资有及其重要的作用。 2.次的；次要的；从属的，辅助的，附属的3.（教育、学校等）中等的4.第二手的，间接的5.【医】继发性的；第二期的6.【电】次级的7.【化】仲的；副的；二代的12.specialization n. 特别化,特殊化,专门化1 Despite the efficiency of specialization, it may also have the effect of making work tedious and without purpose.尽管专业化具有效率，它也可以使得劳动成为可厌而没有意义的事情。special词形变化:specialness speciallyadj.1.特殊的，特别的This is a special device elevated the stage for the finale. 这是一种特殊的装置使舞台上升，以演出最后一幕。 He never drinks except on special occasions. 除非在特别场合，他从不喝酒。 2.专门的，专用的3.增加的，额外的4.具体的；明确的n.1.专列；专车；专机13.maturity n.1.成熟；成熟期；发育完全At maturity the root system is extensively nodulated. 在成熟时，根系普遍具有根瘤。 I think the apples have come to maturity. 我想这些苹果已熟了。 2.（金融）到期3.（人或动植物）成熟；成年；完全长成4.（保险单等）到期（应付款）14. corporation n.1.法人；社团法人 C2.大公司；企业 C3.【美】股份（有限）公司 C1.Let me introduce Mr.Zhou to you.He is the manager of hub cereal,oil and foodstuffs import and export corporation. 我来给您介绍一下周先生。他是河北省粮油食品进出口公司的经理。15. Agency n.1.代理行；经销处The agency is mapping out an advertising campaign for the new product. 经销处在给新产品设计广告。 Our company has agencies in major cities of the country. 我公司在国内主要城市都设有代理机构。 2.代理业务；代理关系3.中介；代理4.公众服务机构5.专业行政部门；（美国、加拿大政府的）印第安事务处16.confine 词形变化:confiner confinement confinablev.1.限制；使局限 TI wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject. 我希望演说者不要离题。 Well confine our discussion to the main issue. 我们将只讨论主要问题。 2.禁闭；幽禁；使卧床 Tn.1.边缘，范围，区域17.occupation n.1.占领，侵占，占领期These fragments of wall in London are vestiges of the Roman occupation. 这些伦敦的断垣残壁是罗马人占领的遗迹。 The workers occupation of the factory lasted two weeks. 工人占领了工厂两星期。 2.（土地、房屋、建筑等的）使用，居住，占用 U3.工作；职业4.消遣，业余活动18.render 词形变化:renderer renderablev.1.使得，使成为 TIntensely fractured rocks may render traps ineffective by causing leakage. 强烈破碎的岩石造成石油、天然气泄漏而使得圈闭变得不起作用。 The imposition of heavy emergency custom duties have render our position exceedingly difficult. 由于海关征收繁重的紧急关税，使得我们处于极其困难的境地。 2. 给予；提供 T3.付给；交纳；（向封建主）纳贡 T4.提出；发出；呈报；汇报 T5.交出；舍弃；放弃；让与 T19.institution n.1.（大学，银行等规模大的）机构 COverall responsibility usually lies with the governing body of an institution or a local authority. 全部责任通常都落在一个机构或地方当局的管理部门身上。 They set up a supervisory institution. 他们设立了监察机构。 2.慈善机构，社会福利机构 C3.（由来已久的）风俗习惯，制度 C4.建立，设立，制定 U5.（某地或工作中的）出名的人 C20.revelation n.1.揭露，泄露 UThey fully expected that a rush of abuse would follow this unpleasant revelation 他们充分预计到这件事一旦被揭露出来立刻会引起人们的辱骂。 The revelation of his past lead to his resignation. 对他过去的揭露导致了他的辞职。 2.被揭露的真相，被曝光的秘闻 C3.让人大开眼界，令人耳目一新 U,C4.【神学】启示；天启；启示物；告诫21.deduction n.1.演绎；推论；推理This deduction is ridiculous. 这种演绎是荒谬的。 2.扣除（额）；减去（数）Deduct v.1.sth(fromsth)（从总量中）扣除，减去 TYou can deduct the twenty-five cents out of my allowance. 你可在我的零用钱里扣去二角五分钱。 22.preferable 词形变化:preferability preferableness preferablyadj.1.更好的，更可取的，更合意的(+to)I think riding a bicycle is preferable to walking. 我认为骑自行车比走路更可取。 Poverty is preferable to ill-health. 贫穷总比不健康更好。 23.civilization n.1.文明，文化The great contribution of Asian civilizations to the development of the world civilization is the glory and pride of the whole of Asia. 亚洲文明对世界文明发展的巨大贡献，是全亚洲的光荣和骄傲。Civilize v.T1.使文明，使开化时态：civilized,civilizing,civilizes名词：civilizer形容词：civilizableTo civilize the barbarous people is not easy.要使野蛮人开化不是简单的。24.incredible 词形变化:incredibility incredibleness incrediblyadj.1.不能相信的，不可信的Its incredible, Wilson said, kicking the dusty road. “简直不能相信，”威尔逊说，一边踢着脚下的土路。 2.【口】难以置信的；惊人的；极妙的25.contribution 词形变化:contributorn.1.贡献，促成作用 CHe has made an important contribution to the companys success. 他对公司的成功作出了重要的贡献。 The contribution and demands of women have been degraded and ignored. 女性的贡献并未受到肯定，而妇女的需求也经常被忽略。 2. 捐款 U,C3.定期缴款，特殊捐税；军（向占领地人民征收的）军税 C4.一则，一条，稿件 C5.分担，分摊contribute词形变化:contributor contributive contributively26.diverse 词形变化:diverseness diverselyadj.1.（形式、种类、性质等）不同的，各不相同的，相异的，互异的；不一样的；不像的They are the people from diverse cultures. 他们是些有着不同文化背景的人。 Since then，she has played a diverse range of roles. 从那时起她出演了各种不同的角色。 2.多种多样的，各种各样的，形形色色的，多样化的3.由各种不同性质（或成分）构成的，27.wisdom n.1.智慧，才智，精明 UHe had acquired much wisdom during his long life. 他在漫长的生命岁月中获得许多智慧。His confidence, his manliness and bravery, turn his wit into wisdom. 他的自信、男子气概和勇敢将他的风趣变为智慧。 2.明智 U3.知识，学问 U28.union n.1.协会，同盟,工会The chairman called the workers to gather round the trade union. 主席号召工人们团结在工会的周围。 The Student union is (are) holding election today. 学生会今天举行选举。 2.团结，和睦3.合并，联合29. Accumulate 词形变化:accumulated accumulated accumulating accumulatesv.1.积累，积聚 I,TWe should accumulate funds for the construction of the state. 我们要为国家建设积累资金。 A thick layer of dust had accumulated in the room. 房间里已经堆积起了厚厚的一层灰尘。 30.depict 词形变化:depiction depicted depicted depicting depictsv.1.描绘；描画 TThe author tried to depict the splendor of the sunset. 作家试图描画落日的光彩。 It would require a painter, and no common painter too, to depict my aunts face. 描绘我姑母的容貌，需要一个画家才行，而且不是寻常的画家。 2.描写；描述；刻画 T更多详细释义31. distinguish词形变化:distinguishable distinguished distinguishably distinguished distinguished distinguishing distinguishesv.1.distinguish (between) A and B; distinguish A from B 区别，辨别（人或事物）I,TCan you distinguish cotton cloth from linen? 你能否识别棉布和亚麻布? We should distinguish between right and wrong. 我们应辨别是非。 2.distinguish A (from) B 显示（两者）之间的差别；为某人某事物之特征或特性，使某人某事物有所不同 T3.看清、听清.（某事物） T4.distinguish oneself（因善于做某事）受人注目，出名32.classical 词形变化:classicality classicalness classicallyadj.1.古典的，正统派的，古典主义的His classical urbanity comes to his relief-if one can attribute urbanity to a former agrarian. 是他的古典的优雅风格挽救了他，如果我们可以用优雅这两个字来形容过去的重农主者的话。 I must say I have a strong preference for classical architecture. 我得说我对古典建筑有强烈的偏爱。
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