介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词 + 关系代词”句型。例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1.“介词 + 关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或 whom指人），即 :介词 +which/whom。（1） The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2） The city in which she lives is far away.（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there aremany cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which（ 指物）；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：（1） The man（who/whom /that） you spoke to is a teacher.（2） The city（ which/that） she lives in is far away.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forwardto, liste n to等。This is the pen that / which you arelook ing for.The patie nt whom she is look ing after is her father.The words that /which we shouldpay atte nti on to are writte n on the blackboard.There are fifty patie nts who/whom/that we musttake good care of.练习： Are these sentences right?(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend.(2) The man( who/that) you talked with is my friend.(3) The man with who/that you talked is my friend.(4) The pla ne in which we flew to Can ada is very comfortable.(5) The pla ne in that we flew to Can ada is very comfortable.二、关系副词when, where， why 可用“介词 + which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词+ 先行词。 其中when= 表时间的介词（如：in , at,during等） +which ;Where地点的介词 (如： in ,at,on,under等 )+which ;Why 表原因的介词 (如：for ) +which(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when 引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词 + which来代替关系副词wher bI still remember the daywhe r I came here.( or the day =whe r)(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词 + which来代替关系副词where 。This is the housewhere I lived last year.( ir the house= where)(3)当先行词为 reasor ，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why 引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why 。三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义(重中之重 )(for the reas ors =why)There are many reas orswhy people like traveli rg.1. 一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。I r ever forget the day or which I came to this school.2. 二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。This is the iPad or which I spert 3000 yua r.3. 三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。This is my pair of glasses, _without which I carrot see clearly.1.Do you like the book_ she lear red a lot?例题：用“介词 + 关系代词”的形式表示2. He paid the boy $10 for wash irg ter win dows, most leastyear.(or the day)(spe rd money orsth.)_ had rt bee r clea red for at3. The tower _ peoplecar havea goodviewis orthehill.介词 + 关系代词1) 介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2) that 前不能有介词。3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词 + 关系词”结构可以同关系副词when,where和why 互换。练习：he wert or to1. He was educated at a local grammarCambridge.school,山东卷）A. from whichB. after that C. after which D. from thiswas educated at Beijing University, _she went on to have her advanced studyabroad.（06 陕西卷）A. after thatB. from that C. from which D. after whichcontrol is a subject _Americans have argued for a long time.（09陕西卷 ）A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into whichpower is an ancient source of energy_ we mayreturn in the near future.（10山东卷）A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which_ left their village homessettlement is hometo nearly 1,000 people ,many ofEnglish play _mystudentsacted at the New Year s partywasa great success.04全国 I）A for whichB at whichC in whichD on which7. The journeyaround the worldtook the old sailornine months,_ the s ailingfor a better life in the city.（10浙卷 ）time was 226 days.（04 广西）A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 8. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when theyremembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger.（05广东卷 ）A. in which B. by which C. which D. that9. She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction_had taken morethan three years.（ 11 江西卷）A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to whichplace _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river trafficis the heaviest.（05 江苏卷 ）A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in whichreceived training in the computer for one year,_he found a job in a big company.A.after that which it thishere depend on the fishing industry, _ there wont be much work.A.where which whichweek,only two people came to look at the house,_ wanted to buy it.of them of them of whomof whom 14. In the office Inever seem to have time until after 5 people have gone home.： 30 pm _， manyA.whose time whichwhich timebrought with her three friends,none of_ I had ever met before.（09A.them海南）children,_parents are away working in big cities,are taken goodcareof in the village. （09安徽）themwhomwas born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city_ name will create apictureof beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.（09CBD 若有下湖南）2 全必修which定语从句试题答案：1-5 ：C D C C A 6-10： C A A C C 11-18提出关于介词 + 关系代词的详细讲解，有兴趣的老师可以看一：B D D D B 疑问还请大家及时解第 5 单元 P298 页，里面的内容讲得非常全面，也很透彻