疏浚工程专业英语词汇

疏浚工程专业英语词汇1、疏浚工程船舶挖泥船dredger耙吸挖泥船trailingsuction hopper dredger, trailer边抛耙吸挖泥船trailing suction side-casting dredger边耙挖泥船trailingsuction dredger with suction tube at side中耙挖泥船trailingsuction dredger with central well尾耙挖泥船trailingsuction dredger with stern well钢耙挖泥船dozerdredger, scraper dredger 开体耙吸挖泥船split-typetrailing suction dredger中边耙挖泥船trailing suction dredger with central & side suction tubes绞吸挖泥船cuttersuction dredger组合吸扬挖泥船dismountable suction dredger 微型吸扬挖泥船minisuction dredger吸扬挖泥船suctiondredger吸盘挖泥船dustpansuction dredger管道吸扬挖泥船pinelinesuction dredger 链斗挖泥船bucketdredger自航链斗挖泥船self-propelledbucket dredger连续斗型链斗挖泥船closed-connectedbuck dredger高架链斗挖泥船overheal bucket dredger斗轮挖泥船bucketwheel dredger抓斗挖泥船grabdredger自航抓斗挖泥船self-propelledgrab hopper dredger双瓣哈壳式抓斗挖泥船clamshellgrab dredger多瓣抓斗挖泥船orangepell grab dredger全齿抓斗挖泥船wholetine grab dredger单索抓斗挖泥船singlerope grab dredger双索抓斗挖泥船twinrope grab dredger液压抓斗挖泥船hydraulicgrab dredger封闭式抓斗挖泥船enclosedtype grab dredger铲斗挖泥船dipperdredger反铲挖泥船backhoe dredger单斗式挖泥船spoondredger吹泥船barge-unloa*suction dredger冲流挖泥船bedwash-out dredger喷射挖泥船jetlift dredger气动泵挖泥船pneuma-pumpdredger多用挖泥船multi-purposedredger底卸式挖泥船bottom-dischargedredger两栖挖泥船amphidredger两栖反铲挖泥船amphiback hoe dredger带泥舱挖泥船hopperdredger自航挖泥船self-propelleddredger非自航挖泥船non-self-propelleddredger 柴油机动力挖泥船dieseldredger 柴油机电动挖泥船dieselelectric dredger柴油液压挖泥船dieselhydraulic dredger蒸汽动力挖泥船steamdredger燃汽轮机挖泥船gasturbine dredger内河挖泥船 riverdredger2、 辅助船舶挖泥船队 dredging fleet挖泥船分队 dredging caravan拖轮 tow boat, tug, tug-boaat推轮 pusher boat双体推轮 catamaran towboat, catamarantug驳船 barge, lighter工作驳 working barge工作艇 working boat, *hy供给驳 supply barge供煤驳 coal barge供煤船 coal tender供水驳 water barge供水船 water tender供油驳 oil barge供油船 oil tender, fuel tender泥驳 hopper barge, spoil barge, mud boat自航泥驳 self-propelled hopper barge自航开体泥驳 self-propelled split barge开体泥驳 split hopper barge侧开泥驳 side hopper barge封底泥驳 elevator barge开底泥驳 hopper dump barge箱形驳 pontoon barge倾斜式甲板驳 tilting pontoon倾复式甲板驳 tipping barge方头驳船 pontoon-bowed barge首锚方驳 head-line barge甲板驳 deck barge半潜甲板货驳 semi-submersible deck cargo barge顶推泥驳 pusher mud barge双体船 catamaran趸船，浮箱船 pontoon住宿船 floating living quarter, accommodating barge电焊工作船 floating welder, wel* boat修理船 repair ship航标工作船 buoy tender布标船 buoy layer灯船 light boat测量船 surveying ship, survey vessel接力泵船 floating booster station碎石船 floating rock crusher打桩船 floating pile driver破冰船 ice-breaker布缆船 cable layer救助拖船 rescue tug钻探船 drilling ship起重船 floating crane旋转起重船 floating slewing crane自升工作平台 self-elevating working platform登陆浮船体 lan* pontoon引航船 pilot vessel联检船 joint inspection boat巡逻船 patrol boat交通艇 traffic boat, personnel boat锚艇 anchor boat带缆艇 mooring boat救生艇 life boat应急救生艇 emergency boat潜水工作艇 diver service boat海关艇 customs boat检疫艇 quarantine boat舢板 sampan船舶标记 vessels identification3、 船舶布置、结构、性能舱室布置 accommodation layout驾驶台 bridge报务室、无线电报房 wireless room (radio cabin, radio rom)客厅 salon (saloon)会议室 meeting room餐厅 dining room (mess room)休息室 drawing room (day room)吸烟室 smoking room厨房 galley冷食间、配膳间 pantry洗衣房 laundry舱室、住房 cabin (accommodation)客舱 passengers cabin船员舱室 crews quarter医务室 hospital, sick bay药房 dispensary (room)浴室、盥洗室 bath (room)盥洗室、厕所 toilet, water closet (W.C.)货舱 cargo hold舷门、走道 gangway进口处 entrance出口处、太平门 exit机舱 engine room锅炉间 boiler room轴遂、地轴弄 shaft turnel舵机房 steering engine room泵室、泵间 pump room冷藏间 refrigerating chamber ( space)空调间 air-conditioning room ( space)鱼肉间 meat and fish room ( chamber)蔬菜间 vegetable room ( chamber)应急发电机室 emergency generator room电瓶间 battery room修理间 repairing room电工工作间 electric workshop贮藏室 locker物料间 store room柜、舱、箱 tank双层底柜 double bottom tank前尖舱 fore peak tank后尖舱 aft(er) peak tank舷侧舱 wing tank压载水柜 ballast tank防摇柜 anti-rolling tank泄水油柜 drain tank粪便柜 sewage tank柴油柜 diesel (oil) tank燃料油柜 fuel (oil) tank储存柜 storage tank贮油柜 oil reservoir tank日用油柜 daily (service) tank滑油柜 lubricating oil tank重力油柜 gravity tank回油柜 oil return tank沉淀柜 settling tank污油水舱柜 slop tank淡水柜 fresh water tank膨胀水油箱 expansion tank卫生水柜 sanitary tank甲板 deck救生艇甲板 lifeboat deck船首楼甲板 forecastle deck船尾楼甲板 poop deck前甲板 fore deck上甲板 upper deck主甲板 main deck干弦甲板 freeboard deck中层甲板 between deck下层甲板 orlop deck游步甲板 promenade deck艇甲板 boat deck驾驶甲板 navigation deck顶甲板 topside deck起居甲板 accommodation deck深舱 deep tank边舱 side tank顶边舱 topside tank日用燃油舱 daily fuel oil tank循环滑油舱 circulating lubricating oil tank燃油溢油舱 overflow fuel oil tank饮水舱 potable water tank锅炉水舱 boiler water tank隔离空舱 cofferdam主尺度 principal dimensions船体 hull船长 length of ship总长 length overall最大长 extreme length垂线间长 length between perpendiculars设计水线长 designed waterline length满载水线长 load waterline length浸体长 submerged length平均浸湿长度 mean wetted length平行中体 parallel middle body进流段 entrance去流段 run船宽 breadth of ship最大宽 extreme breadth型宽 molded breadth设计水线宽 designed waterline breadth浸体宽 submerged breadth甲板宽 beam over deck型宽 molded depth最大高度 maximum height off light waterplane吃水 draft型吃水 molded draft外型吃水 navigational draft设计吃水 designed draft满载吃水 loaded draft压载吃水 ballast draft空船吃水 light draft分舱吃水 subdivision draft龙骨吃水 keel draft首吃水 fore draft尾吃水 aft draft平均吃水 mean draft最大吃水 maximum draft最小吃水 minimum draft长宽比 length-breadth ratio宽度吃水比 breadth-draft ratio型深吃水比 depth-draft ratio长深比 length-depth ratio长度吃水比 length-draft ratio宽深比 breadth-depth ratio首型 types of bow尾型 types of stern龙骨线 keel line甲板线 deck line舷弧 sheer脊弧 sheer at deck center前体 fore body后体 after body内倾 tumble-home外倾 flare前肩 forward shoulder后肩 after shoulder水线 waterline设计水线 designed waterline满载水线 load waterline舱底舭 bilge尖舭 hard chine圆舭 rounded chine首踵 forefoot尾踵 aftfoot尾鳍 fin航速 speed of ship设计航速 design speed试航航速 trial speed效劳航速 service speed拖曳航速 towing speed自由航速 free running speed排水量 displacement空船排水量 light displacement满载排水量 full-load displacement超载排水量 overload displacement设计排水量 designed displacement储藏排水量 displacement margin排水体积 displacement volume载重量 total deadweight净载重量 payload容积 capacity净容积 net capacity液舱容积 tank capacity容积曲线 capacity curve静水力曲线 hydrostatic curves稳性 stability稳心 metacenter浮力 buoyance回复力矩 righting moment回复力臂 righting lever舱容图 capacity plan积载 stowage挖泥船尾部 dredger stern挖泥船首部 dredger bow左舷 portside (PS)右舷 starboard side (SB)浮箱 pontoon主浮箱 main pontoon边浮箱 side pontoon左舷浮箱 portside pontoon右舷浮箱 starboard pontoon前边浮箱 forside pontoon后边浮箱 aftside pontoon骨架 frame4、 船舶主要设备“A型框架 “A frame门式构架 gantry frame首部桥梁 forward-mounted ladder尾部桥梁 stern-mounted ladder桥架吊架 ladder gantry桥架枢轴 ladder pivot吊杆 boom缆索 cable护舷材 fender船头防波板 breakwater栏杆 railing定位桩 spud工作桩主桩 working spud进位桩辅桩 walking spud移动式定位桩 traveling spud桩尖 point of spud底部提升定位桩 bottom-lift spuds旋转式定位桩 roter spud上定位桩井 upper spud well下定位桩井 lower spud well定位桩长箍 spud sleeve, spud collar, spud keeper定位桩长箍活门 spud door, spud gate定位桩锁紧长箍 spud clamp定位桩吊架 spud gantry定位桩台车 spud carriage定位桩升降滑轮 spud hoisting sheave定位桩液压柱塞 spud hydraulic ram定位桩倾放装置 spud tilting installation定位桩倾放基座 spud tilting seat钢桩倾倒标号 distinguishing no of spud tilting geas定位桩台车开槽 spud carriage well钢桩长箍吸震器 spud shock absorber定位桩销 spud pin圆柱形钢质定位桩 cylindrical steel spuds液压定位桩起吊设备 hydraulic spud lifting device台车垂直轮 vertical wheel cases台车行走轮 spud carriage vertical wheel台车水平轮 horizontal wheel cases台车轮上导轨 upper rail台车轮下导轨 lower rail台车水平轮吸震器 horizontal wheel shock absorber绞刀 cutter刀片绞刀上的 blade (cutter)六叶片曲臂式绞刀 six blade curved arm cutter刀刃绞刀叶片的 sheath (cutter blade)六叶片篮式绞刀 six blade basket-type cutter绞刀吃水 cutter breaking in闭式绞刀 crown cutter绞刀马达 cutter motor绞刀减速箱 cutter reduction gear开式绞刀 open cutter锥形轮觳绞刀 conical hub cutter斗轮式绞刀 bucket wheel cutter绞刀齿 cutter teeth凿形齿尖 chisel point尖形齿尖 pick point扁形齿尖 flared point绞刀修理平台 gangway for cutter repair绞刀松土器 cutter agitator绞刀轨迹 cutter track绞刀速度 cutter speed绞刀轴 cutter shaft绞刀轴环 cutter collar绞刀轮觳 cutter hub绞刀桥架 cutter ladder绞刀头橡胶轴承 rubber lined bearing for cutter桥架耳柱 ladder truunions桥架倾斜装置 ladder tilting device平安销 safety pin上导轮 upper tumbler下导轮 lower tumbler上导轮中心高 center height of upper tumbler下导轮轴承 bearing of lower tumbler shaft六方 hyxagonal prism, six sided五方 pentagonal prism, five sided四方 quadrate prism, four sides泥斗斗销 bucket pin斗链滚筒 bucket line guide roller斗节板 bucket link代斗节板 auxiliary link斗塔，斗架 centra tower, main gantry斗桥 bucket ladder副斗桥 auxiliary bucket ladder主斗桥 main bucket ladder斗桥上支承 upper support of bucket ladder斗桥下支承 lower support of bucket ladder斗桥倾角 angle of bucket ladder斗桥吊架 bucket ladder gantry斗桥导板 ladder guide斗桥起落装置 bucket ladder hoisting gear斗齿 bucket teeth斗链 bucket chain连续斗斗链 close connected bucket chain间隔斗斗链 open connected bucket chain斗链节距 bucket chain pitch链节 bucket links中间链节板 intermediate links斗链拉紧装置 bucket chain tension柴油机电力传动斗链 diesel electric driven bucket柴油机液压传动斗链 diesel hydraulic driven bucket分泥板 tumbling door, diversion gate泥阱 dump well泥门启闭装置 hopper door working gear泥门液压柱塞 hopper door hydraulic ram强制式泥门移动 positive door movement出泥槽，卸泥槽 glide chute, mud chute活动溜泥槽 hinged glide chute溢流槽 overflow duct溜泥槽吊架 chute gantry溜泥槽分泥门 discharge chute flap流泥槽倾角 angle of glide chute泥舱溢流装置 overflow device泥浆沉淀装置 mixture sedimentation device稀泥浆自动排出装置 automatic light mixture over board installation泥舱自排泥装置 self-emptying installation边抛装置 side discharge installation泥舱 hopper泥舱稀释装置 hopper diluting installation泥舱容量曲线 hopper capacity curve泥斗容量 bucket capacity不同土质的泥斗容量 buck capacity against various soils链斗卸泥船 bucket elevator链斗挖泥船开槽长度 length of bucket dredger well斗链张力调节装置 bucket line tension regulator耙头 drag鞋形耙头 shoe shaped drag head平鞋形耙头 flat shoe shaped drag head钩形耙头 hook shaped drag head荷兰IHC耙头 IHC Holland-type drag head加里福尼亚型耙头 California-type drag head新式的安布罗斯型耙头 modern Ambrose-type drag head新港湾型耙头 New Port Bay-type drag head珊瑚型耙头 coral-type drag head荷兰耙头 Dutch drag head淤泥耙头 silt drag head带扰动活动罩的平耙头 flag head with turbulence visor耙臂 drag arm耙头桥架 drag head ladder耙头桥架起落装置 hoisting gear for drag head ladder耙吸管绞车 suction tube winch耙头绞车自动控制 automatic drag head winch controller耙吸装置 drag and suction device耙吸泥管吊架 suction tube gantry耙吸挖泥阻力 resistance of trail dredging十字环架 cardan ring gantry动力耙头 active drag head泥门 bottom door矩形泥门 box-shaped bottom door圆锥泥门 conical bottom door圆柱形泥门 cylindrical bottom door平移式泥门 sli* bottom door小泥门 upper hopper door开泥门装置 door lifting device密闭式抓斗 enclosed type grab抓斗机全扬程 grab extreme elevation抓斗机舷外跨距 overboard outreach of grab抓斗最大吊高 maximum hoisting of grab抓斗稳索 grab stabilizer line臂杆变幅索 jib luffing line抓斗机回转速 slewing speed of grab crane铲斗斗臂 dipper arm铲斗起升装置 dipper hoisting gear铲斗推压装置 dipper cradling gear铲斗背度装置 dipper backing equipment铲斗碎石装置 dipper rock-breaking gear铲斗机回转装置 dipper turning gear铲斗吊杆 derrick boom铲斗支架 dipper frame铲斗转盘 turntable of dipper machine皮带传送装置 belt-conveyer挖泥遥控装置 dredging remote control system紧急停车装置 emergency shut-off device5、 船员船员总称 crew海员 seaman政委 political commissar船长 captain, master水手长 boatswain管事 steward一级水手 able-bodied (seaman)熟练水手 able seaman助理驾驶员 assistant navigating officer合格的驾驶员 (有证件的驾驶员certified officer三副 third officer二副 second officer大副 first officer实习生、学徒 apprentice生火 fireman (donkeyman)机匠 motorman轮机员 engineer值班轮机员 engineer on duty轮机助理 assistant engineer三管轮 fourth engineer二管轮 third engineer大管轮 second engineer轮机长 chief engineer电工 electrician电机员 electrical engineer电助 assistant electrical engineer无线电报务员 radio officer6、 疏浚施工水运工程 water transport engineering深海工程 deep ocean engineering沿海工程 coastal engineering土木工程学 civil engineering土木工程师 civil engineer深海疏浚 deep ocean dredging沿海疏浚 coastal dredging疏浚工程 dredging works疏浚作业 dredging operation疏浚工程 dredging project基建疏浚 capital dredging维护疏浚 maintenance dredging扰动疏浚 agitation dredging试挖 trial dredging, test dredging疏浚勘测 dredging exploration survey疏浚土分类 classification of dredging soils疏浚土方计算 calculation of dredging volume疏浚水位信号 signal of dredging water level疏浚导标 lea* marks卸泥标志 dumping marks导标要素 chief elements of lea* marks挖槽设计 design of channeling挖槽 channeling, trench cutting挖槽水力计算 hydraulic calculation of channeling挖槽边坡 side slope of channeling挖槽宽度控制 width of cut controlling挖槽深度控制 depth of cut controlling设计挖深 nominal depth of dredging开挖深度 depth of excavation最大挖深 maximum dredging depth最小挖深 minimum dredging depth经济挖深 economical dredging depth超挖深度 depth of over-dredging最大挖宽 maximum dredging width最小挖宽 minimum dredging width允许挖宽误差 allowance over-dredging备淤深度 preparatory depth回淤富裕深度 allowance siltation泥舱土方计算曲线 hopper rating curve纵挖法 longitudinal dredging method横挖法 transverse dredging method平行横挖法 parallel transverse dredging method斜向横挖法 obliqued transverse dredging method十字形横挖法 cross-shaped transverse dredging method扇形挖泥法 fan-shaped transverse dredging method逆流挖泥法 against current dredging method特殊挖泥法 special dredging method顶滩挖泥法 facing beach dredging method掼滩挖泥法 against shoal dredging method挖船窝法 ship-pit dredging method切角挖泥法 cut-corner-edged dredging method留埂挖泥法 remaining straps dredging method梅花式挖泥法 plum blossom type dredging method水平挖掘法 horizontal dredging method盘短挖泥法 shorting distance dredging method装舱溢流法 overflow-loa* dredging method分段挖泥 separated zone dredging边抛法 side casting method分类挖泥 separated stripe dredging船外旁通法 over-board method分层挖泥 separated layer dredging挖到设计标高 cut down to grade挖到规定标高 cut to line待挖区域 area to be dredged待挖泊位 berth to be dredged待挖航道 channel to be dredged待挖基槽 foundation trench to be excavated挖成区域 dredged area挖成的泊位 dredged berth挖成的水底 dredged bottom挖成的航道 dredged channel挖填 cut-and-fill挖出物疏浚土dredged material, dredged soil上方 barge measured volume, hopper measured volume挖填方分界处 cut to fill location下方 bed measured volume, in-situ measured volume弃土 spoil materials废方 waste cut回填土 backfilling挖方量 volume of excavation吹填 reclamation吹填方 reclaiming soil volume吹泥造田 reclaiming new land, land reclamation切削硬度 cutting hardness切削能力 cutting ability填泥场 dumping ground填泥场围埝 coffer-dam of sediment zone围堰 dam, bund, levee集浆池 mud distiller, interval mud sump泥浆 slurry泥浆浓度 soil concentration泥浆临界流速 slurry critical velocity水下挖掘 underwater excavation水下填方 underwater fill水下沉淀物 underwater sediments陆上回填 refilling on land, shore refilling抛石 rip-rap stone, drop-fill rock抛石标志 rip-rap marks土夯实，土压实 rammed earth, compaction of soil塌方 avalanching防塌设施 avalanche defence泥沙分析 sediment analysis沙质河床 sand bed拦沙设施 sediment diversion installation输沙设施 sand transporting installation沉淀池 sedimentation basin截沙池 sediment trap沉积过程 sedimentary process淤积速度 sediment accumulation rate输沙量曲线 sediment rating curve平均输沙量 average annual sediment discharge平均年淤积量 average annual sediment accumulation平均年冲刷量 average annual erosion清面 clearance of river surface清方 clearance of river bed破冰 ice-breaking开工展布 out-spread process挖泥船选择 chosen of dredger挖泥船性能 characteristic of dredger挖泥船生产量 dredgers output挖泥船生产率缩减系数 shrinkage ratio of dredgers output挖泥船时间利用率 dredgers time utilization挖泥船设备利用率 dredgers machine utilization挖泥船运转时间 dredgers running time挖泥船生产性停歇时间 dredgers productive stopping time挖泥船非生产性停歇时间 dredgers unproductive stopping time定期停歇时间 dredgers fixed stopping time挖泥船调遣 mobilization of dredger挖泥船遣返 demobilization dredger调遣时间 dredgers transfer time, mobilization time挖泥时间 dredging time航行时间 sailing time重航时间 laden sailing-time空航时间 light sailing-time停泊时间 lay-time其他原因停泊时间 lay-time for other purposes船舶艘数 number of ship工日 man-day公休工日数 man-days of legal holidays日历工日数 calendar man-day应出勤工日数 calculated man-days in attendance实际出勤工日数 actual man-days in attendance缺勤工日数 man-days in absence出勤率 rate of attendance工时 man-hour, working hour出勤工时 man-hours in attendance停工工时 man-hours in idleness工时利用率 utilization factor of man-hours日平均 daily mean日产量 daily output日报表 daily report日工作记录 daily sheet日工资 daily wage利润 profit预算 budget施工预算 budget statement of construction施工费用 operation cost施工定额 construction norm竣工决算 final cost, actual (balanced) budget竣工验收 finishing acceptance, final acceptance开工报告 construction start report, commencement report技术交底 technical requirements explanation工程质量 quality of construction施工进度表 construction schedule施工阶段 construction phase施工季节 construction season季风期 monsoon period施工文件 construction portfolio施工图 construction plan施工组织设计 work organization project施工现场调查 site investigation施工测量 construction survey施工钻探 construction drilling建议完工日期 recommended completion date疏浚工程竣工验收 final examination of the dredging works竣工标高 dredged level7、 测量航道工程勘测 engineering survey of waterway浚前测量 pre-dredging survey进度测量 progress survey浚后测量 post-dredging survey海港测量 harbour survey水深测量 soun*, depth measurement海道测量 seaway survey航道测量 waterway survey水下测量 underwater survey海岸测量 coast survey水文测量 hydrographic survey海洋测量 marine survey航线测量 route survey航行测量 running survey拖扫测量 wire-drag survey岸控测量 shore-controlled survey三角测量术 triangulation磁力测量 magnetic survey大比例测量 large-scale survey小比例测量 small-scale survey方位交叉测量法bearing intersection survey绳索测深 wire soun*沿海测深 coastal soun*深海测深 deep-sea soun*测深图水深图soun* chart海图 sea chart航道图 navigation chart测量图 survey sheet实测图 survey map测量人员 surveyor, hydrographer测量仪器 survey instrument全站仪 electronic tracking测量平板仪surveying panel, plane table水道测量用六分仪 surveying sextant测量水准仪 surveyors level经纬仪 transit, theodolite回声测深仪 echo sounder, acoustic sounder记录式回声测深仪 recor* echo sounder超声波回声测深仪 supersonic echo sounder激光测距仪laser distance measuring instrument, laser range finder红外测距仪 infrared distance measuring instrument测杆 survey rod测线 survey line测链=66英尺=20.177米surveyors chain测桩 survey peg测站 survey station测量标 surveying mark测深锤 soun* bob, soun* lead测深尺 soun* scale测量罗盘 surveyors compass水位 WL (water level)水线 WL(water line)水深 water depth高程标高elevation回水 flowback工作水位 operation level乘潮水位 tide sail level (stage)上游水位 upper level下游水位 lower level水位标尺 water gage自记水位计 water level recorder水准点基准点datum mark, bench mark8、施工条件气候条件 climate condition海洋性气候 ocean climate自然条件 natural condition海况 sea condition海浪 sea wave涌浪 swell风浪 windy wave波高 wave height波长 wave length波速 wave velocity流速 current speed潮汐 tide潮位 tide level潮差 tide range高潮 high tide, high water低潮 low tide, low water平均高潮位 mean high tide level平均低潮位 mean low tide level涨潮 flood tide, rising tide落潮 ebb tide, falling tide海潮 sea flood潮汐表 tide table潮位计 tide meter潮位指示器 tide indicator潮位标尺 tide gage潮汐资料 tide information潮汐日推迟时间 daily retardation (of tides)潮位零点 datum of tidal level水位零点 datum of water level平均海平面 mean sea level海图基准面 chart datum深度基准面 sea level datum理论深度基准面 theoretical sea level datum海平面零点 sea level datum逆流 reversed flow紊流 turbulent flow层流 laminar current环流 circulating current动压力 dynamic pressure静压力 static pressure雾 fog能见度 visibility雾日 fog days多雾地区，雾带 fog belt雾钟 fog belt水温 water temperature结冰 freezing, ice formation岸冰 flaw ice冰饼 pancake