高2-6模块2单元grammar

Module 6 Unit 2 Grammar and Usage一般过去时一般过去时1.1.一般过去时用来表示过去的动作及状态一般过去时用来表示过去的动作及状态.表示表示过去的习惯常用过去的习惯常用used to do,would doused to do,would do表示表示.2.2.一般过去时常连用表过去的时间状语，状语一般过去时常连用表过去的时间状语，状语从句甚至其它类型从句和表过去的地点状语，从句甚至其它类型从句和表过去的地点状语，地点状语从句来限定一发生过的动作地点状语从句来限定一发生过的动作.3.3.一般过去时和现在完成时均表示发生在过去一般过去时和现在完成时均表示发生在过去的动作的动作,但前者侧重过去的事实但前者侧重过去的事实,后者侧重过后者侧重过去的动作对现在的影响去的动作对现在的影响.*-Long time no see.Havent you graduated from college?-Yes I English for 4 years in Nantong.*-What _ it,Ted?-Just a pain in my shoulder.Its gone now.A.was B.is have studiedstudiedA试比较试比较:1.I cant enter the room now because I _(lose)my key.2.I cant find my text book now,but I _(put)it here.have lostput过去进行时过去进行时1.1.表示过去某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作表示过去某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作.2.2.与与always continually,constantlyalways continually,constantly等词连等词连用表示过去的经常动作用表示过去的经常动作,往往带有感情色彩往往带有感情色彩.3.3.用于表述故事的发生背景用于表述故事的发生背景 It was getting dark and the wind wasIt was getting dark and the wind wasrising.rising.过去进行时在近年高考中的考查过去进行时在近年高考中的考查:1.Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.-Where was i?-You _you didnt like your fathers job.(04 北京)A.had said B.said C.were saying D.had been saying 2.You were out when I dropped in at your house.(04 广东)-Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A.was waiting B.had waited C.am waiting D.have waited CA3.Has Sam finished his homework today?-I have no idea.He _ it this morning.(04吉林)A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done 4.Whats wrong with your coat?(05 重庆)-Just now when I wanted to get off the bus,the man next to me _ on it.A.sat B.had sat C.had been sitting D.was sitting CD过去完成时过去完成时1.表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作完成之前的表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作完成之前的情况情况.往往具备以下两个特征之一往往具备以下两个特征之一:(1)句中常用句中常用by,before,until引导过去某一引导过去某一时间状语时间状语.They had learned 5000 words by the end of last year.(2)出现在主从句中出现在主从句中,两个发生在过去的动作有两个发生在过去的动作有明显的先后关系明显的先后关系.Hardly had he run into the room when the Hardly had he run into the room when the rain began to come down.rain began to come down.2.2.表示过去未曾实现的希望表示过去未曾实现的希望,打算打算,意图意图,用于如下动词用于如下动词:want,hope,think,:want,hope,think,expect,intend,mean,suppose,plan.expect,intend,mean,suppose,plan.I had meant to buy a present for you in I had meant to buy a present for you in Paris,but my work ran out of my time.Paris,but my work ran out of my time.3.当主从复合句中有after,before 引导的时间状语从句时,用过去完成时的地方可用一般过去时.He(had)finished all the homework before his patents got home.After I(had)had a short break,I went on to work out the problem.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别在于前过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别在于前者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的持续进行而者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的持续进行而后者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的完成结果后者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的完成结果.I was tired out;I had been reading I was tired out;I had been reading for hours in a row.for hours in a row.I had been waiting for nearly an hour I had been waiting for nearly an hour before he came.before he came.过去将来时过去将来时相对于过去某时即将发生的动作相对于过去某时即将发生的动作,常用于常用于宾语从句中宾语从句中.*No one knew when he was going to come.*I didnt know when they were leaving for Shanghai.一般将来时一般将来时1.1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态.I will be back in a few days.I will be back in a few days.2.2.表示一种倾向或习惯性动作表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.Well die without air and water.Well die without air and water.Water will boil if heated.Water will boil if heated.一般将来时的常见表达形式一般将来时的常见表达形式will/be going to 的区别的区别1.will 表示说话人认为或相信将会发生但现在表示说话人认为或相信将会发生但现在看不见的动作而看不见的动作而be going to 表示现在即可表示现在即可看出的现象看出的现象*Its going to rain.*I think the boat will sink when at sea.2.will 表示说话时决定的动作而表示说话时决定的动作而be going to do表示原来的计划表示原来的计划*Hold on please.Ill write it down just incase.*The meeting is going to start at 7.be to表示禁止表示禁止,命令等命令等.No one _ leave here without my permission.No one _ leave here without my permission.A.will B.is to A.will B.is to 2.2.表示计划表示计划,安排安排.Theres to be a sports meeting next weekend.Theres to be a sports meeting next weekend.3.3.表示要求表示要求,责任责任.The work is to/should be finished by 7 today.The work is to/should be finished by 7 today.4.Be to 4.Be to 可用于可用于if if 从句从句.If you are to come tomorrow,I will be very If you are to come tomorrow,I will be very happy.happy.Bbe about to表示最近的将来表示最近的将来,意味立刻意味立刻,马上马上.不可和时不可和时间状语连用间状语连用.*Tissue please?Im about to sneeze.*Move!The car is about to blow up.be doing英语中某些词如英语中某些词如come,go,arrive,leave,come,go,arrive,leave,stay,do,take,have stay,do,take,have 等可以用其进行时等可以用其进行时态表示将来态表示将来.-Hurry,Tom!youre late.-Hurry,Tom!youre late.-Im coming,mum.-Im coming,mum.将来进行时将来进行时1.表示将来某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作表示将来某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作.Ill be waiting for you here this time every year.The boss will be enjoying his holiday tomorrow.So call him now.2.表示即将或按计划在未来要发生的事表示即将或按计划在未来要发生的事 情情,主语为第一人称时往往含有期盼主语为第一人称时往往含有期盼 情感情感.Ill be seeing my grandma next month.They will be separating in the summer.将来完成时将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,并往并往往对将来某一时间产生影响往对将来某一时间产生影响.通常与通常与byby引导引导的时间状语连用的时间状语连用.By tomorrow morning the weather will By tomorrow morning the weather will have cleared up.have cleared up.By the end of this month the project By the end of this month the project will have been finished.will have been finished.近年高考中时态考查示例近年高考中时态考查示例例例1：考查过去完成时考查过去完成时例题例题：2001上海春：The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed解析解析：by(the end of)last month是过去完成时的典型的时间状语.悬挂大桥是被设计,用过去完成时的被动形式.答案:B演变演变:John and I _ friends for eight years.We first went to know each other at a Christmas partyBut we _ each other a couple of times before that.A.had been;have seen B.have been;have seenC.had been;had seen D.have been;had seen点拨点拨：约翰和我(到现在)已经做朋友8年,用现在完成时;后面是在过去某时间前已经见过几次,用过去完成时.答案:D小结小结：过去完成时描述一动作先于另一动作完成，可由时间状语来反映，如：by,by the end of,before,after等；但更多的是由句子含义来决定。例例2：考查一般将来时考查一般将来时例题例题：2004高考全国卷：Lets keep to the point or we_ any decisions.Awill never reach Bhave never reached Cnever reach Dnever reached解析解析：本题考查一般将来时的基本用法，理清句子结构和含义：让我们紧扣主题,否则的话,我们将达不成任何决定.答案:A演变演变:06江苏卷34：A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.wasD.were点拨点拨：a poet and artist一个诗人兼画家,做主语用单数谓语形式;时态是明天下午将来,用进行时表将来.答案:A小结小结：对于一般将来时的掌握，特别要能记住和区分它的各种表达形式，如：be to do sth,be doing,be going to do,will do,be about to do,一般现在时表将来等。例例3：考查过去进行时考查过去进行时例题例题：Shirley a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished.Ahas written Bwrote Chad written Dwas writing解析解析：本题一定要考虑后半句“但是我不知道他是否已完成”，所以应理解成去年（我看到他时），他当时正在写一本书。用过去进行时。答案：D演变演变:2005太原质检：-Sorry to have interrupt you.Please go on.-Where was I?-You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A.had said B.said C.were saying D.had been saying点拨点拨：注意情景隐藏的时间状语:在你被打断的时候,你正在讲.用过去进行时.答案:C小结小结：现在的题目一般不会给你明显的时间状语，往往要很好地理解情景，去挖掘隐含的时间状语。