资源描述
Marie Curie was born in Warsaw on November 7, 1867. She received a general education in local schools and some scientific training from her father. In 1891, she went to Paris to continue her studies at the Sorbonne where she obtained Licenciateships in Physics and the Mathematical Sciences. She met Pierre Curie, Professor in the School of Physics in 1894 and in the following year they were married. She succeeded her husband as Head of the Physics Laboratory at the Sorbonne, gained her Doctor of Science degree in 1903, and following the tragic death of Pierre Curie in 1906, she took his place as Professor of General Physics in the Faculty of Sciences, the first time a woman had held this position. Qian Xuesen was born in December 11, 1911 Hangzhou, China. He is a scientist who was a major figure in the missile and space programs of both the United States and Peoples Republic of China. In 1936 he went to the California Institute of Technology to commence graduate studies on the referral. During the Second World War, he was amongst the other scientists participated the Manhattan Project. In 1955 Qian was released and deported from the United States together with his wife and their two American-born children as a part of post-Korean war negotiations to free American prisoners of war held by China. He went to work as head of the Chinese missile program immediately upon his arrival in China. In 1979 Qian was awarded Caltechs Distinguished Alumni Award. He died in November 4, 2009.Martin Luther King, (January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the African-American civil rights movement. His main legacy was to secure progress on civil rights in the USA, and he has become a human rights icon: King is recognized as a martyr by two Christian churches. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president. Kings efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his “I Have a Dream speech. There, he raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S. history. Henry Norman Bethune (March 3, 1890-November 12,1939 Chinese name:白求恩白求恩) was a Canadian physician and medical innovator. Bethune is best known for his service in war time medical units during the Spanish Civil War and with the Chinese Communists during the Second Sino-Japanese War. He developed the first mobile blood-transfusion service in Spain in 1936. Qualities of the great peopledeterminedbraveconfidentwarm-heartedresponsibleselflesshonestgenerouskindeasy-goinghard-workingdevotedhelpfulindependentWhat qualities does a great person have? A great personconfidentunselfishhonestget on well with othersnever lose heartbe active in society activitiesdo public service work without paymake great contributions to mankindenergeticpassionateMost great people are also famous people, but famous people may not be great people. Great persons are important in a long history. Important persons are important in a certain time. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. lawyer guidance legal fee hopeful educated terror cruelty reward criminal vote attack violenceequal president anti-black sentence sincerely nationalism 1. 乐意做某事乐意做某事2. 愿意愿意(让某人让某人)做某做某事事3. 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事4. 处于不幸中处于不幸中5. 为了为了而战而战6. 与与作战作战be willing to do sth. be willing (for sb.) to do sth.advise sb. to do sth.in troublefight for fight against Expressions Preview7. 继续做某事继续做某事8. 担心担心 9. 失业失业10. 非洲民族会议非洲民族会议11. 事实上事实上12. 使充气使充气;爆炸爆炸13. 把把投入监狱投入监狱14. 与与平等的平等的continue to do sth.worry aboutbe out of work/lose ones jobAfrican National Congressas a matter of fact/in factblow upput in prisonbe equal to 15. 当权当权; 上台上台16. 设立设立; 建立建立17. 被判决被判决(死刑）死刑）18.对对(于于) 很积极很积极19.原则上原则上10.求助于；致力于求助于；致力于11.发出（气味等发出（气味等)；耗尽；耗尽 12.充气充气;爆炸爆炸 13.乞讨乞讨come to power set upbe sentenced to (death)be active in (doing) sth./take an active part inin principleturn to give outblow upbeg for He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; peoples rights; peoples livelihood. 他坚信三条原则：民族，民权，民生。他坚信三条原则：民族，民权，民生。 believe in 信任，信仰信任，信仰 Do you believe in God? We believe in our government. believe sb. = believe what sb. says 相信某人的话相信某人的话 believe in sb. 信任某人信任某人 e.g.: 1. The products of their factory are all of good quality and so the supply fails to meet the demand every year. 2. One quality of this plastic is that it is almost unbreakable .These are coats of high quality. 这些是高质量的大衣。He possesses the quality of inspiring confidence. 他有本事能让别人信任他。make an attack on/against/upon 攻击攻击 / /袭击袭击/ / 抨击抨击 under attack 遭到袭击遭到袭击 / / 抨击抨击a heart attack 心脏病突发心脏病突发 e.g.:He made an attack on the governments actions.他抨击政府的举措。他抨击政府的举措。 The governments actions were under attack.政府的举措遭到袭击。政府的举措遭到袭击。 The death of the actor is due to a heart attack.演员的死亡是源于一场心脏病突发。演员的死亡是源于一场心脏病突发。 The enemy attacked us at night.敌人在夜晚突袭我们。敌人在夜晚突袭我们。onlyonly副词状语或状语从句副词状语或状语从句置于句首，主句置于句首，主句用用部分倒装部分倒装形式（即把主句的情态动词，系动词形式（即把主句的情态动词，系动词或助动词提到主语前面）或助动词提到主语前面）Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.只有到那时，我才意识到学英语的重要性。Only in this way can you solve the problem.只有用这种方式，你才能解决问题。Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.他只有靠大声叫喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。 （1 1）如果句子为主从复合句，则主句部）如果句子为主从复合句，则主句部分倒装，从句不倒装。分倒装，从句不倒装。 （2 2）onlyonly修饰主语时，不用倒装。修饰主语时，不用倒装。Only her mother can help her to solve the problem.He pretends to understand, but as a matter of fact he doesnt.他假装他理解了，但事实上他没有。In fact, we knew each other, but we didnt contact with each other for many years.事实上，我们认识彼此，但是多年来我们没有联系了。A balloon expands when it is blown up. 气球吹气后会膨胀起来。The terrorists are threatening to blow up the government buildings.恐怖分子正威胁要炸毁政府大楼。as a matter of fact=in fact 事实上事实上equal adj. fight for equal rights 争取平等权利争取平等权利be equal to Tom is equal to John in height.汤姆跟约翰一样高。He was equal to the work.他能胜任工作。与与相等相等;胜任胜任相等的，平等的，胜任的相等的，平等的，胜任的2. meanvt. 表示表示的意思的意思 In this poem the flower means youth. 在这首诗里花朵是指青春。The sign means that cars cannot enter. 这种标志表示汽车不能入内。本意是本意是, , 原意为原意为; ; 意味意味 When we say yes, we mean it. 我们说同意就同意。怀有某目的怀有某目的; ; 打算打算 I mean this house for my daughter. 我打算把这房子给我的女儿。对某人有价值或重要对某人有价值或重要 I must tell you that I mean what I say. 我得告诉你, 我说话是算数的。adj. 吝啬的吝啬的; ; 自私的自私的 Her husband is rather mean over money matters. 她的丈夫在金钱方面非常小气。3. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. stagen. 阶段阶段; ; 时期时期 He was suffering from cancer which had already reached an advanced stage. 他的癌症已经到晚期了。舞台舞台The moment the actor appears on stage, the audience bursts into laughter.当演员出现在舞台上，观众突然笑起来。vt. & vi. 上演上演 That scene will not stage well. 那场戏不会演好。4.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. vote vt. & vi. 投票投票, , 表决表决 They vote to choose a president. 他们投票选举总统。n. 投票投票, , 选举选举, , 表决表决 The vote will be held next month. 下个月举行选举。票票, , 选票选票 The Tory got 40% of the vote. 保守党获得40%的选票。表决结果表决结果; ; 投票总数投票总数 Was the vote for or against the resolution? 表决结果是赞成还是反对此决议?选举权选举权, , 投票权投票权, , 表决权表决权 Only members of the team have a vote. 只有这个团体的成员才有表决权。Adjective3. Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?turn to求助于求助于 She often turns to the book for guidance. 她经常参考那本书。( (使使) )转向转向 He turned his back to me. 他转过身去, 背对我。( (把注意力等把注意力等) )转向转向 More and more people turn to computer science. 愈来愈多的人从事计算机科学研究。( (使使) )变成变成 Is it the low temperature that turns the water to ice? 是低温使水变成冰的吗?4.In 1952, Mandela set up law office to help poor black people. set up建立建立, , 创立创立, , 竖立竖立 Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here. 很多外国公司已在这里开办工厂。准备准备; ; 安排安排 Will you set up the drinks while I look after the party food? 你准备饮料, 我来料理宴会食品好吗?引起引起, , 产生产生 The crowd set up a shout as the winner neared the post.优胜者接近终点时, 人群中发出一片喊叫声。escape v.t. 逃脱逃脱 加动名词或名词作宾语加动名词或名词作宾语None of the criminals escaped being punished.None of the criminals escaped punishment.没有一个罪犯逃脱惩罚。escape from sw 从从逃跑逃跑Nobody can escape from here.没人可以从这儿逃跑。escape from prison 越狱越狱escape from the net 漏网漏网allow doing sth 允许做某事允许做某事allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事sb be allowed to do sth 某人被允许做某事某人被允许做某事We dont allow eating in the classrooms.我们不允许在教室吃东西。My parents wont allow me to stay out late.我父母不让我在外面呆到很晚。come to/into power be in powerThe government came to power in 2004.This government has been in power for four years.have the power to do sthcome into beingcome into usecome into effect 当权，上台（表动作）当权，上台（表动作）执政（表状态）执政（表状态）有权做某事有权做某事形成，产生形成，产生开始使用开始使用生效生效 Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. ( (2009, ,江苏卷江苏卷) ) A. if B. when C. which D. since 解析：考查定语从句的用法。解析：考查定语从句的用法。days 是是主语，主语，are gone 是谓语，而后面是定语从句是谓语，而后面是定语从句部分，修饰部分，修饰days, , 从句中句子意思完整，不从句中句子意思完整，不缺少成分，故用关系副词缺少成分，故用关系副词when。B2.Whenever I met her, _was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. （2009，山东卷），山东卷） A. who B. which C. when D. that 解析：考查定语从句的用法。由句子结解析：考查定语从句的用法。由句子结构可知，应选择关系代词，指代构可知，应选择关系代词，指代wheneverwhenever引引导的整个复合句，只有导的整个复合句，只有whichwhich具有这种用法。具有这种用法。ThatThat不可引导非限制性定语从句。不可引导非限制性定语从句。B3. The house I grow up _has been taken down and replaced by an office building. （2009，江西卷），江西卷） A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which B 解析：考查定语从句的用法。首先要明确本题解析：考查定语从句的用法。首先要明确本题的主角是的主角是“the house has been taken down and replaced by an office building.”.”。其中。其中“has been taken down”和和“replaced”是并列的谓语部分；其是并列的谓语部分；其次，要判断出次，要判断出I grow up _ 是先行词是先行词 the house 的定义从句。本从句中的关系词的定义从句。本从句中的关系词which被省略，被省略，in和和which充当定语从句的状语，充当定语从句的状语，in不可省略，此定语从不可省略，此定语从句相当于句相当于where/ in which I grew up 。故选。故选B B。1. The boy looks stupid, but _ he is bright. A. in a fact B. as a fact C. in a matter of fact D. as a matter of fact2. Sadly I did not have passbook because I was not born there and I _ whether I _. A. worried ; was out work B. was worried about ; out of work C. worried about; out of work D. was worried about ; was out of work一、单项选择一、单项选择3. He is such a kind person that he is _ to help any one that is_A. will ; in trouble B. willing ; in the trouble C. willing ; in trouble D. will ; in the trouble4. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _ the importance of studiesA. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realizeNow here are the weather report for our city. Tomorrow will be fine with the high temperature 3 in the daytime. In the evenings, the temperature will fell down below zero. The temperature will be -8 . The day before tomorrow, there will be the strong wind and the temperature will be low. It will fall down to -10 . You had better to wear your warm clothes. If you are a driver, youd better be more carefully when you are driving because the strong wind.isaeveningfallafter改错改错acarefulof一一. 定义：定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子定义：定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。就叫做定语从句。eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 其中斜体部分为定语从句。二二. 分类：分为分类：分为限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和和非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，还，还有有间隔性定语从句间隔性定语从句。eg: 1.This is the school (that/which)we visited last year. （限制性定语从句） 2.The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect. （非限制性定语从句） 3.The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（ 间隔性定语从句）注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少不可缺少、起修饰限制作用；而非限制、起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明可有可无、起补充说明作用。作用。三三. 构成：定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。构成：定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。 先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。 引导词是用来引导定语从句的引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词。eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.四基本原则四基本原则定语从句中不能出现与先行词定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致在意义上相一致的词的词Eg.This is the book that I like it best .(it 与与book指同一物，所以要去掉。指同一物，所以要去掉。)先行词先行词 引导词引导词定语从句定语从句五定语从句中常见考点：五定语从句中常见考点：考点一考点一.关系代词和关系副词的辨别关系代词和关系副词的辨别1. 关系代词关系代词that（人、物），（人、物），which（物）、（物）、who(m)（人）、（人）、whose（某人的，某物的）、（某人的，某物的）、as2. 关系副词关系副词when（表时间）、（表时间）、where（表地点）、（表地点）、why（表原因）（表原因）注：关系副词可变为注：关系副词可变为“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构（即：结构（即：关系副词关系副词=介词介词+关系代词关系代词）。）。eg:This is the mountain village where(=in which)I stayed last month.3. 怎样选择正确的关系代词或关系副词怎样选择正确的关系代词或关系副词方法一：找出先行词和定语从句中动词，看定从中方法一：找出先行词和定语从句中动词，看定从中动词与先行词能否构成习动词与先行词能否构成习惯搭配惯搭配。能，用关系代词；不能，用关系副词。能，用关系代词；不能，用关系副词.Eg.I will never forget the day _ I spent with my parents.(定从中动词spent 与先行词the day 构成spent the day ,所以用关系代词that或which或省略)方法二：找出先行词和定语从句，看定语从句是否方法二：找出先行词和定语从句，看定语从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表语缺少主语、宾语或表语，如缺少，用关系代词。如不缺少，定语从句所如缺少，用关系代词。如不缺少，定语从句所表达意思相对完整，用关系副表达意思相对完整，用关系副词词。eg:.This is the factory _ made cars . (缺少主语，所以用关系代词that 或which，作主语不能省略) .This is the reason _ he was late for school.(定语从句he was late for school 表达意思相对完整，所以用关系副词why 或介词+关系代词for which)注意：当先行词为注意：当先行词为case、position、point、situation、society、activity等抽象等抽象意义的名词时，常用关系副词意义的名词时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句引导定语从句.eg:He got himself into a dangerous situation where he may lose control of the plane .考点二考点二. 定从中定从中that 与与which的区别的区别1. 关系代词只用关系代词只用that的情况。的情况。（1）当先行词为）当先行词为不定代词不定代词（all、much、little、few、some、any、none、one、something、anything、everything等）或先行词被不定形容词（等）或先行词被不定形容词（all、many、some、few、little等）修饰时。等）修饰时。eg:Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？ （2）当先行词既）当先行词既有人又有物有人又有物时。时。eg:Do you know the things and persons that you are talking about.（3）当先行词含有）当先行词含有序数词序数词或或最高级最高级时。时。eg: This bus is the first that will go to Beijing. This is the best movie that I have ever seen.（4）当先行词被）当先行词被only、very、next、last等修饰时。等修饰时。eg:This is the very book that Im looking for.（5）在）在who或或which引导的特殊疑问句中。引导的特殊疑问句中。eg:Which is the bike that you lost?（6）当）当关系代词关系代词在定语从句中作在定语从句中作表语表语时。时。eg:Zhengzhou is no longer the city that it used to be.2.关系代词只用关系代词只用which的情况。的情况。（1）引导）引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句时。时。eg:He turned to be a very successful man,which was more than we expected.（2）在）在“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构中，关系代词只用结构中，关系代词只用which。 eg:This is the question about which they have so much discussion in the past few weeks.（3）当关系代词后）当关系代词后有插入成分有插入成分时。时。eg: Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.3.指人时指人时，关系代词只用，关系代词只用who(m)的情况。的情况。（1）引导）引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句时。时。eg:She has a daughter,who is a doctor in the famous hospital.（2）当）当“介词介词+关系代词关系代词(宾格形式宾格形式)”结构引导定语从句时。结构引导定语从句时。eg: The gentleman about whom you told me proved to be a thief.（3）当关系代词后）当关系代词后有插入成分有插入成分时。时。eg:This is my friend who,I think,is the best in our class.（4）在）在There be句型结构中，句型结构中，先行词先行词指指人人时。时。eg:There is a young lady who asks for you.考点三：考点三：as的用法及的用法及as与与which的区别的区别1. as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句（1）as常用于固定搭配中：常用于固定搭配中：the same. . . as，suchas，as/soaseg:.Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city as everyone likes to visit.定语从句，所以定从中没有出现与先行词city 意义上一致的词Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city that everyone likes to visit it.状语从句，that 后应为完整句子，所以it 不能省略。.Today I bought the same bike as Tom did last week.比较：Today he wears the same coat that he did yesterday.（2）as常用于固定句型中：常用于固定句型中：as we all / everyboby know(s), ,as is often the case,as we expect等。等。eg:As we all know, Zhengzhou is an attractive city.2.在非限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，as与与which的区别的区别指代整句话内容时，指代整句话内容时，as可位于主句前面、中间或后面可位于主句前面、中间或后面；而；而which一般位于主句后一般位于主句后。另。另外，外，which还可指代一个还可指代一个名词名词或一个或一个短语短语。eg: As we all know,Tom is a good boy. ：China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.：She doesnt think she is wrong,which makes her teacher angry.（which指代上文整句） .as在句中有正如之意，而在句中有正如之意，而which没有没有 eg: He succeeded this time,as had been expected. She has made great progress,which makes her parents very happy. (同样的但不是同一辆)（同一件衣服）考点四考点四. 定从中定从中所属关系所属关系的表达的表达whose引导定语从句时必须和名词放在一起。引导定语从句时必须和名词放在一起。whose+n(s)=the+n(s)+of which/whom=of +which/whom+the+n(s)eg:The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.= The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired.= The house of which the roof was damaged has now been repaired.考点五定从中考点五定从中动词形式与先行词的一致动词形式与先行词的一致 eg: He is the only one of the students who fails the exam. Those who are fond of studying do well in exams.考点六考点六. the way作先行词引导定从时，关系词可用作先行词引导定从时，关系词可用in which/that/省略省略。eg:I dont like the way that/in which/省略he spoke to me. 考点七考点七. 介词介词+关系代词关系代词在这种结构中，关系代词表示在这种结构中，关系代词表示人人,只能用只能用whom ；关系代词表示；关系代词表示物物,只能用只能用which 。 *怎样选择正确的介词怎样选择正确的介词1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如：根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如： This is the pen on which I spent 10 yuan. This is the pen for which I paid 10 yuan. 2.根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如： I remember the day which I graduated from high school. (强调在具体某一天要用介词on) I remember the days which I lived in Russia. （强调在某几天时间内要用介词during） I remember the month which I got along with Tom.3. 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。 Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?(write .for the article)4. 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。 The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her carelessness .( be happy with 对表示满意)老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她粗心而被解雇。He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .( be familiar with 对.熟悉)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。 in onduring5. 有些有些“动词动词+介词介词”的固定词组不可拆开用的固定词组不可拆开用常见的动词词组有：常见的动词词组有：look for,look after, care for,send for,hear of，hear from, deal with, get through,pay attention to等。等。Eg .This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.这是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking.（错误） 6. “不定代词不定代词both,some,any,many,(a)few,none，neither等等 +of whom 或或of which，表示整体与部分的关系或所属关系，表示整体与部分的关系或所属关系eg: I have many apples,some of which are bad.（很多苹果中有一些是红色）比较：I have many apples and some of them are bad . He has three children, none of whom is kind to him.比较：He has three children but none of them is kind to him .7.“介词介词+which+to do”作定语的情况作定语的情况介词介词+which+to do作定语相当于作定语相当于介词介词+which引导定语从句引导定语从句。其中定语从句主语与。其中定语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含有情态动词。主句主语一致，且从句含有情态动词。eg:Franks dream was to have a shop in which to produce the workings of his own hands. =Franks dream was to have a shop in which he could produce the workings of his own hands. He has no house in which to live.=He has no house in which he can live.8.“介词介词+where”引导的定语从句的情况引导的定语从句的情况有时候，我们可以见到有时候，我们可以见到“介词介词+where”引导定语从句的情况。此时，引导定语从句的情况。此时，where代替的是表示地点的介词短语。代替的是表示地点的介词短语。eg:You can look out of the window,from where you get a good view.(其中where=out of the window)考点八：定从句与短语的转化考点八：定从句与短语的转化1. The girl （who is ）dancing now just returned from Beijing.正在跳舞的女孩刚从北京回来。2. I love the stories （which were） written by Mary .我喜欢玛丽写的故事。
展开阅读全文