2022年考博英语-东华大学考前模拟强化练习题84（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-东华大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Output from the power stations _steeply as restrictions on the movement of coal took effect.问题1选项A.fell behindB.fell backC.fell throughD.fell away【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“fell behind”，意为“落后，拖欠”；B选项“fell back”，意为“撤退，回落”；C选项“fell through”，意为“落空，失败”，D选项“fell away”，意为“消失，背离，抛弃”。句意：由于对煤炭运输的限制生效，发电站的发电量急剧下降。因此，D选项符合题意。2. 单选题I didnt say anything like that at all. You are purposely _ my idea to prove your point.问题1选项A.revisingB.contradictingC.distortingD.distracting【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项revise“修正、复习、校订”；B项contradict“反驳、否定”；C项distort“扭曲、曲解”；D项distract“转移、分心”；句意：我根本没有那样说，你故意曲解我的观点以证明你的论点。因此该题C项正确。3. 单选题After winning the Championship the team members _the head coach to their shoulders in shouting triumph.问题1选项A.tiltedB.hoistedC.hauledD.accompanied【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“titled”，意为“授予称号，加标题于”，B选项“hoisted” ，意为“提起，升起”，C选项“hauled”，意为“拖，拉”，D选项“accompanied”，意为“陪伴，伴随”。句意：赢得冠军后，队员们把主教练举到肩膀上欢呼胜利。因此，B选项符合句意。4. 单选题Hamlet _ his fathers death on his uncle.问题1选项A.reservedB.revertedC.revengedD.revealed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项reverse“颠倒、撤销、反转”；B项revert“回复、重提”；C项revenge“报复、复仇”；D项reveal“显示、透露、揭露”；句意：哈姆雷特向叔叔报了杀父之仇。revenge on“向报复”；因此该题C项正确。5. 单选题Robert had taken it for granted that his verbose and_ explanation of the facts would convince the jury of his innocence.问题1选项A.flabbyB.flimsyC.greasyD.glib【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“flabby”，意为“（肌肉）松弛的；肥胖的；软弱的；无力的”；B选项“flimsy”，意为“脆弱的；浅薄的；易损坏的”；C选项“greasy”，意为“油腻的；含脂肪多的；谄媚的”；D选项“glib”，意为“油腔滑调的；不诚恳的；肤浅的”。句意：罗伯特想当然地认为，他对事实的冗长而_圆滑_的解释会使陪审团相信他是清白的。因此D选项符合题意。6. 单选题In _ times, human beings did not travel for pleasure, but to find a more favorable climate.问题1选项A.primitiveB.primeC.preliminaryD.primary【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“primitive”，意为“原始的；远古的”；B选项“prime”，意为“主要的；最好的；基本的”；C选项“preliminary”，意为“初步的；开始的；预备的”；D选项“primary”，意为“主要的；初级的；基本的”。句意：在_原始_时代，人类长途跋涉不是为了消遣，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。空格后提到人们长途跋涉是为了寻找适宜的气候，这说明是原始时代，人们不断迁徙，为了寻找适宜的气候来生存。因此A选项符合题意。7. 单选题Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.（1） in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was （2） on both sides with many（3） businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries.（4） , some shops offered（5） . These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoerepair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.（6） in the 1950s, a change began to（7） . Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street（8） too few parking places were（9） shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces（10） the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got（11） the first shopping center was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls,（12） as a collection of small new stores（13） crowded city centers. （14） by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from（15） areas to outlying malls. And the growing（16） of shopping centers led（17） to the building of bigger and better-stocked stores.（18） the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the（19） of one-stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, （20） benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.问题1选项A.As early asB.EarlyC.Early asD.Earlier问题2选项A.builtB.designedC.intendedD.lined问题3选项A.variedB.variousC.sortedD.mixed up问题4选项A.Apart fromB.HoweverC.In additionD.As well问题5选项A.medical careB.foodC.cosmeticsD.services问题6选项A.SuddenlyB.AbruptlyC.ContrarilyD.But问题7选项A.be taking placeB.take placeC.be taken placeD.have taken place问题8选项A.whileB.yetC.thoughD.and then问题9选项A.available forB.available toC.used byD.ready for问题10选项A.overB.fromC.out ofD.outside问题11选项A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.then问题12选项A.startedB.foundedC.set upD.organized问题13选项A.out ofB.away fromC.next toD.near问题14选项A.AttractedB.SurprisedC.DelightedD.Enjoyed65.问题15选项A.innerB.centralC.shoppingD.downtown66.问题16选项A.distinctionB.fameC.popularityD.liking67.问题17选项A.onB.in turnC.by turnsD.further68.问题18选项A.ByB.DuringC.InD.Towards69.问题19选项A.cheapnessB.readinessC.convenienceD.handiness70.问题20选项A.because ofB.andC.withD.provided【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D第6题:D第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D第11题:A第12题:A第13题:B第14题:A第15题:D第16题:C第17题:B第18题:A第19题:C第20题:C【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查单词用法。A项as early as“同一样早”；B项early可为形容词也可为副词，做副词时意为“早期”；C选项没有early as 这种搭配；D选项earlier“较早”，为early的比较级。由空格后“in the 1900s”可知是指20世纪初期、早期，所以B选项符合题意。句意：在20世纪初，大多数美国城镇都有一条主要街道。2. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项built“建造，建立”；B项designed“设计；计划”；C项intended“故意的，有意的”；D项lined“排队、填满”。由空格后“businesses”可知是指街道两边排列的大大小小的商店，所以D选项符合题意。句意：街道的两旁排列着很多各种各样的商店。3. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项varied“各式各样的”；B项various“各种各样的；多方面的”；C项sorted“（非正式）组织好的”；D项mixed up“混淆不清的，困惑的”。varied和various都可以指同一范畴的不同种类，在表示“各种各样，各不相同的”意思时，一般可以换用，只是前者侧重于“不同”的含义，后者则侧重于种类数目的“多”。由空格后“businesses”可知是指街道两边排列的各种不同种类的商店，侧重于种类数目的多，所以B选项符合题意。句意：街道的两旁排列着很多各种各样的商店。4. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系。A项Apart from“远离，除之外”，后必须接名词或动名词；B项However“无论如何；不管怎样”；C项In addition“除此之外”可单独使用；D项As well“也；同样地”，一般用于句末。由空格前后可知是指商店除了销售商品，还提供服务，所以C选项符合题意。句意：除了各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品之外，有些商店还提供服务。5. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项medical care“医疗护理”；B项food“食物”；C项cosmetic“化妆品”；D项service“服务”。由空格前“some shops”可知商店是提供服务的地方，所以D选项符合题意。句意：除了各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品之外，有些商店还提供服务。6. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系。A项Suddenly“突然”；B项Abruptly“突然地；唐突地”；C项Contrarily“相反地；反之”；D项But“但是”。由空格后“a change”可知这里表示转折且需填入一个连词，所以D选项符合题意。句意：但是在五十年代，情况发生了变化。7. 【试题解析】考查语法知识。take place只有主动语态，故可排除C，而begin to后应接动词不定式，只有take place“发生”可用，所以B选项符合题意。句意：但是在五十年代，情况发生了变化。8. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系。A项while是连词，“而，却”，表比较；B项yet“然而”，表转折；C项though“尽管，虽然”，表让步；D项and then“然后”。根据空格前后“Too many automobiles”和“too few parking places”可知，太多的车与很少的停车场是一个对比关系，所以A选项符合题意。句意：参考59题。9. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A项available for“可用于的；对有效的”；B项available to“可以用来，现有的”；C项use by“在以前使用”；D项ready for“对有适合准备”。根据空格后“shoppers”再加上be available to sb.为固定搭配，意为“对某人来说可用的，可得到的”，所以B选项符合题意。句意：主干道上挤满了太多的汽车，而可供购物者停车的地方却太少。10. 【试题解析】考查方位词辨析。A项over“在上面”；B项from“从起；从开始”；C项out of“的外面”；D项outside“外面”，多指超过某一个界限、范围等。根据空格后“the city limits”可知这里是指城市界限之外的地方，所以D选项符合题意。句意：由于道路拥挤，商人们开始对城市界限以外的开阔地感兴趣。11. 【试题解析】考查语法知识。由空格后“the first shopping center was built”可知这里是一个时间状语从句，所以只能用when，所以A选项符合题意。B项while“在期间”，表示一段时间；C项since“自从”，主句一般用现在完成时；D选项then“之后”，在此语义不符。句意：当第一个购物中心建成时，他们得到了开放的空间。12. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项started“开始”；B项founded“建立（found的过去分词）；创立”；C项set up“建立”；D项organized“组织”。由空格后“as a collection of small new stores”（作为一些小商店的集合）可知这里是指大的商场都是由小的商店开始的，所以A选项符合题意。句意：购物中心是从聚集一些小的店铺开始的。13. 【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A项out of“在之外”；B项away from表示距离，“远离”；C项next to“靠近，下一个”；D项near“近的”。由空格后“crowded city centers”（拥挤的市中心）可知这里是指远离，所以B选项符合题意。句意：购物中心，或者更确切地说是商场，最初是在拥挤的城市中心之外的一些小的新商店的集合。14. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项Attracted“吸引”；B项surprise“使惊奇”；C项delight“使喜悦”；D项enjoy“欣赏，喜爱”。由空格后“by hundreds of free parking space”（数以百计的免费停车位），再联系前文提到街道拥挤，所以免费停车位会吸引无数的人，所以A项符合语义。句意：被数百个免费停车位所吸引。15. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项inner指“内部的；内心的”；B项central“中心的；主要的”；C项shopping“购物，买东西”；D项downtown“市中心的”。由前后语义可知顾客被免费停车位从市中心吸引到城市外的商业中心，所以D项符合语义。句意：在数百个免费停车位的吸引下，顾客们纷纷从市中心涌向郊外的购物中心。16. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项distinction“声望”；B项fame“卓越，好名声”；C项popularity“普及，流行；名气”，指名气很大，知名度很高；D项liking“喜爱，喜好”。由空格后“shopping centers”可知是指购物中心的名气，所以C项符合语义。句意：这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成。17. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系。A项on“在之上”；B项in turn“依次”，引申为“反过来”；C项by turns“轮流；交替”；D项further“进一步地；而且”。由66题可知，名气增大反过来促进了建成更好的商店，所以B项符合语义。句意：这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成。18. 【试题解析】考查语法知识。由空格后“the late 1970s”可知，只有by所组成的时间状语与完成时连用，意为“到为止”，其他三个选项均被排除，所以A项符合语义。句意：到20世纪70年代末，许多购物中心几乎发展成了小城市。19. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析与上下文语义。A项cheapness“廉价”；B项readiness“敏捷，迅速”；C项convenience“便利”；D项handiness“轻便；灵巧”。由空格前“providing”可知，convenience与providing组成短语“提供方便，便利”，符合上下文义，所以C项符合语义。句意：除了提供一站式购物的便利外。20. 【试题解析】考查介词、连词辨析。A项because of“由于”；B项and“和”；C项with“和在一起，带有”；D项provided“假如，倘若”。由空格前后“landscaped parks, benches”可知，这里是指公园带有何种基础设施，所以with在这里是带有的意思，因此C项符合语义。句意：商业街被变成了带有长椅、喷泉及户外娱乐的风景优美的公园。8. 单选题The proposal he put forward two days ago has been supported by people on all sides of the political_.问题1选项A.spectrumB.ambitionC.expectationD.strength【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“spectrum”，意为范围，幅度，B选项“ambition”，意为“抱负，志向”，C选项“expectation”，意为“期望，期待”，D选项“strength”，意为“力气，力量”。句意：他两天前提出的建议得到了政治力量各方面人士的支持。因此，D选项符合句意。9. 填空题Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash(/) in the blank.【答案】1.【试题答案】simple改为simply2. 【试题答案】on改为in3. 【试题答案】frozen改为freezing4.【试题答案】去掉being5.【试题答案】去掉and6.【试题答案】去掉the7.【试题答案】去掉why8.【试题答案】whether改为that9.【试题答案】raising改为rising10.【试题答案】for改为by【解析】1.【试题解析】：此题考查词性区分。你可能不知道雾仅仅是一种可以触碰到地面的云，这里需要用副词simply来修饰，simple是形容词放在这里句意不通。2.【试题解析】：此题考查固定搭配。in rare cases在罕见的情况下，属于固定词组搭配。3.【试题解析】：此题考查动词。below是介词，后面应加动词的-ing形式，空气的温度在冰点以下。4.【试题解析】：此题考查动词。are being+形容词表示一时的表现，be+形容词表示一直这样，在此处指的是一个既定事实，因此去掉being。5.【试题解析】：此题考查固定词组。the morethe+动词的比较级，表示越多什么越怎么样，中间不需要加连接词。6.【试题解析】：此题考查冠词用法。air与前面的water形式应当一样，the是定冠词表示特指，此处是泛指空气。7.【试题解析】：此题考查句意理解。前面已经有了puzzle for，表示疑问，再用why来询问的话太过赘述。8.【试题解析】：此题考查whether和that引导主语从句的用法。它可以证明液滴在98摄氏度时会下落，因此是一个既定事实，不能用whether是否来引导。9.【试题解析】：此题考查raising和rising的区别。，.通常形容自然界的物体：如潮涨,，日出以及这里的气流上升，都是用rise而不能raise。此外,，在这里rising是分词作形容词使用,，rise后不能加物体,，只有sth rise而不能用rise sth。. raise是及物动词,， raise sth.，如raise ones hand。10.【试题解析】：此题考查固定搭配。replace by sth 用什么替换，以什么接替，replace一般与介词by或者with搭配。10. 单选题A drunk man walked in, _ in appearance.问题1选项A.repulsiveB.reluctantC.reproachfulD.reputed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项repulsive“可憎的、排斥的”；B项reluctant“不情愿的”，常与to搭配构成不定式；C项reproachful“责备的、指责的”；D项reputed“享有声望的”；句意：一个醉汉走了进来，面目可憎。因此该题A项正确。11. 单选题Taking advantage of his popularity in the opinion polls, the Prime Minister has decided to call a_ election for next month.问题1选项A.convincingB.magneticC.snapD.clean-cut【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“convincing”，意为“令人信服的；有说服力的”；B选项“magnetic”，意为“地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的”；C选项“snap”，意为“突然的”，snap election是个短语，意为“提前选举；临时选举”；D选项“clean-cut”，意为“（尤指男人）外表整洁的，优雅高尚的；轮廓分明的”。句意：首相利用他在民意调查中的声望，决定在下个月_提前_举行选举。本句表示“首相想趁着自己在民意调查中富有声望，于是提前进行选举，来获取优势地位”。因此C选项符合题意。12. 单选题The measures are little more than_ that will fade fast once investors take a hard look at them.问题1选项A.blind faithB.window dressingC.good impressionD.winning image【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“blind faith”，意为“盲目的信念”；B选项“window dressing”，意为“装点门面”；C选项“good impression”，意为“好的印象”；D选项“winning image”意为“赢者的形象”，句意：这些措施不过是装点门面，一旦投资者仔细观察，它们很快就会消失。因此，B选项符合句意。13. 单选题When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too”, she says.Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, expels say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says john deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broke. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.1. By “Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means _2. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?3. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about _4. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown?5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?问题1选项A.Spero can hardly maintain her business.B.Spero is too much engaged in her work.C.Spero has grown out of her bad habit.D.Spero is not in a desperate situation.问题2选项A.Optimistic.B.Confused.C.Carefree.D.Panicked.问题3选项A.gold market.B.real estate.C.stock exchange.D.venture investment.问题4选项A.They would benefit in certain ways.B.The stock market shows signs of recovery.C.Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.D.The purchasing power would be enhanced.问题5选项A.A now boom, on the horizon.B.Tighten the belt, the single remedy.C.Caution all right, panic not.D.The more ventures, the more chances.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“通过说艾伦斯佩罗还不至于咬手指（第一段第一行），作者的意思是？”。根据本题题干直接定位到第一段第一、二句话When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either（谈到经济放缓，艾伦斯佩罗还不至于咬手指。但这位47岁的美甲师也没能随心所欲地修剪、填充或打磨指甲），再结合后文可知，她不再去高档商场而是去中档商场了，所以可知这里是指斯佩罗的经济状况还没有到绝望的境地。A项“斯佩罗几乎无法维持自己的生意”说法过于绝对，虽然遭受到经济放缓的影响，但是生意还是在继续，只是没有之前好了；B项“斯佩罗过分投入于自己的工作”说法没有原文依据；C项“斯佩罗已经戒掉了坏习惯”说法错误，该处为习语理解。所以该题D项正确。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“公众对当前的经济形势有何看法？”。根据本题关键词“public”定位到第二段关键词“Consumers”以及最后一句Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening（消费者似乎只是担心，并没有惊慌失措，许多人说，他们对经济的长期前景仍然乐观，即使他们稍微勒紧裤腰带）可知，公众没有感到恐慌，甚至还是保持乐观的态度。B项“困惑的”；C选项“无忧无虑的”；C项“恐慌的”三个选项描述错误。所以该题A项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“当提及400万到1,000万美元之间（第三段第二、三行）时，作者在谈论？”。根据本题题干直接定位到第三段第三句In Manhattan, “theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran（经纪人芭芭拉科克伦说，在曼哈顿，“由于华尔街奖金丰厚，400万至1000万美元的黄金市场掀起了新一轮淘金热”）再结合开头一二句可知这里是指房价，所以这里是指掀起了投资房产的淘金热。A项“黄金市场”说法不准确，应该是与房地产相关内容；C选项“证券交易所”不符合本题题意；D项“风险投资”在本文没有提及。所以该题B项正确。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“为什么许多人能够在经济放缓中看到银色的边？”。根据本题关键词“silver linings”定位到最后一段第二、三、四句Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom（潜在的购房者会为较低的利率而欢呼。许多消费者似乎受到了股市波动的影响，投资者现在认为股市波动是持续繁荣的必要因素）可知经济放缓也是有好处的，他们可能以某些其他的方式受益。B项“股票市场显现了复苏的迹象”、C选项“经济繁荣之前通常会有这样的滑坡”不符合本题题意、D项“购买力会增强”均在原文没有体现。所以该题A项正确。5.【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“以下说法作者有可能会同意哪一个？”根据最后一段第二、三、四句Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom（潜在的购房者会为较低的利率而欢呼。许多消费者似乎受到了股市波动的影响，投资者现在认为股市波动是持续繁荣的必要因素）可知经济放缓也是有好处的，他们可能以某些其他的方式受益，且第三段提到的公众的反应也是保持乐观的，所以作者的态度与C选项符合。A项“新的繁荣，即将出现”说法过于乐观，没有提到出现了新的繁荣；B选项“勒紧裤带，别无它法”说法过于悲观，文章只是提到公众勒紧裤带，但他们依然是乐观的；C项“谨慎无碍，恐慌无需”；D项“风险越多，机会越多”在原文中没有提及。所以该题C项正确。14. 单选题After deliberating for seven hours, the jury reached a majority_ of 10 to 3 in favor of the defendant.问题1选项A.declarationB.conclusionC.opinionD.verdict【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“declaration”，意为“公告；宣告；申报（单）”；B选项“conclusion”，意为“结论；结局；推论”；C选项“opinion”，意为“意见；想法；（群体的）观点，信仰”；D选项“verdict”，意为“（陪审团的）裁定，裁决，裁断”。句意：经过7个小时的商议，陪审团以10比3的多数_裁定_被告胜诉。本句表示“由陪审员经过商议后得出的结论，所以应该是裁定、裁决”。因此D选项符合题意。15. 单选题_ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.问题1选项A.ContinuousB.ContinualC.ConstantD.Contrary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项continuous“连续不断的”，指整个事发的过程都没有中断；B项continual“持续不断的”，指一再的、频繁的、反复发生的；C项constant“不变的、恒定的”；D项contrary“相反的、对立的”；句意：城邦国家之间频繁的冲突导致希腊文明最终衰落。因此该题B项正确。16. 单选题Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics-the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are control led by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial