2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷85（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题.In the museum there is a（ ）of the ship Mayflower.问题1选项A.supplementB.nucleusC.miniatureD.valve【答案】C【解析】supplement增补, 补充；nucleus核心；miniature微小的模型；valve 阀, 活门。句意:博物馆里有一艘五月花号船的微缩模型。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题Many students find（ ） jobs during their summer holidays.问题1选项A.contemptibleB.temperateC.temporaryD.contemporary【答案】C【解析】contemptible卑劣的，可轻视的；temperate温和的，适度的；temporary暂时的，临时的；contemporary当代的, 同时代的。根据句意可知，这里指临时的工作，选项C符合句意。3. 单选题Crimes by children have been rising at a faster rate than the juvenile population. About half of such crimes involve the traditional offenses of the theft, breaking and entering, and vandalism, but serious, violent crimes are going up at a startling rate. The rate of armed robbery, rape, and murder by juveniles had doubled in a decade. If all the needs of the adolescent could be met adequately and without delay, without violating laws, there would be no point in violation, and a minimum of internal, indirect, and direct control would suffice to secure conformity. The objection may be made that many violations are committed for the excitement of the violation itself. However, other possibilities for excitement exist besides violating laws and regulations.No complete and generally satisfactory list of needs, either of children or adults, has been compiled. There does seem to be essential consensus on the needs for affection, and security. Although these categories do not exhaust the needs of children, they are, at least, a beginning.Only some of the childs needs, particularly those of the adolescent, can be satisfied within the family. The family does, however, also greatly affect the chances the adolescent will have in satisfying his needs in the school, in his peer group, and later, in his occupation. If he is able to satisfy his needs reasonably well outside the home, in socially approved ways, there is less pressure to achieve them through delinquent behavior.As there are limitations upon what can be achieved by indirect and direct control, so also are there limitations as to need satisfactions. Adolescents have wants that must be deferred, at least, such as for foreign sport cars, sexual satisfactions, and adult income and status. Likewise, not everyone can be the captain of the football team, the campus queen or the winner of scholarship honors. At present, there is no way that adolescents can always be made to feel loved and secured and no assurance that there will always be something interesting to do. On the other side of the ledger, there is always some work to be done to obtain, in a legitimate manner, whatever recognition and privileges are possible.Even though complete and immediate satisfaction of needs is not ordinarily possible, families can go far toward the legitimate satisfaction of needs within the family, and they can prepare and launch the adolescent in his interaction with school, peer group, and occupation, otherwise they can fail almost totally in helping to meet needs in and outside the family through acceptable behavior.1.According to the author, juveniles commit violations because（ ）.2.The fourth paragraph is written to illustrate that（ ） .3.Which of the following should the family do to reduce juvenile delinquency?4.Which of the following themes does the author focus on?问题1选项A.they want to derive pleasure from the violation itselfB.their needs are not satisfied completely and immediatelyC.violating laws and regulations offers them greater excitementD.not enough control is exercised to make them conform to laws问题2选项A.the important thing is to give children something interesting to doB.all that children need, like adults, are recognition and privilegesC.children can be made to feel loved and secure only at homeD.all the needs of an adolescent cannot be satisfied问题3选项A.Exert direct and indirect control over the child within the family.B.Dont interfere in childrens behavior in or outside the family.C.Try to help the children meet legitimate needs in and outside the family.D.Try its best to satisfy all of the childrens needs within the family.问题4选项A.Need satisfaction and juvenile delinquency.B.Adolescents interaction with family, school and society.C.Family affection and development.D.Indirect and direct control over adolescents.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第四句“If all the needs of the adolescent could be met adequately and without delay, without violating laws, there would be no point in violation.”如果在不违反法律的情况下，能够充分地及时地满足青少年的所有需要，那么青少年就不会犯罪。选项B符合原文。2.根据第四段的二三句，青少年的某些需要必须被推迟，比如外国跑车，性满足，成人的收入和地位。同样，不是每个人都能成为足球队队长、校花或奖学金获得者。作者意在说明并不是青少年所有的需求都能得到满足，选项D正确。3.根据最后一段的内容可知，家庭可以在很大程度上满足家庭内部的需求，并且可以鼓励孩子与学校，同龄人团体以及职业相关的人和事交往互动。即帮助孩子满足家庭内外的合法需求。选项C符合原文。4.结合文章内容可知，本文主要讨论的是满足需要与青少年犯罪，选项A最能概括全文。第2题:第3题:第4题:4. 单选题The key to success is remembering that every hurdle crossed is one less hurdle in the（ ）of your personal ambition.问题1选项A.pursuitB.proportionC.promotionD.propulsion【答案】A【解析】pursuit追求;proportion比例;promotion促进, 推销;propulsion推进, 推进力。根据句意可知选项中能和目标搭配的只有选项A。5. 单选题The new documentary Bully is powerful stuff. Try to get through even just the opening sequence without tearing up. Hopefully it will wake up parents,teachers,and school administrators. But lets also hope they respond thoughtfully to this burning film, because too often in our rush to address a problem, American educators and politicians have a well-intentioned overreaction that minimizes common sense in favor of blanket solutions.Many schools in the United States are genuinely trying to curb child-on-child abuse and,at long last,are paying more attention to the cruel,unpleasant remarks. But at the same time, we have to remember that not every unpleasant, or even adverse,interaction between students constitutes bullying. In some places, anti-bullying policies are now so expansive that they make eye-rolling a punishable offense,lumping it in with other forms of verbal and physical assault. Doing so not only takes a serious issue to the realm of the absurd,it also dilutes the importance of anti-bullying efforts in general. If everything is bullying, then nothing is.Some kids have already figured out how to turn the new system on its head. In some schools zeal to address bullying, every claim is immediately elevated beyond the classroom teacher to a meeting with the principal. A parent in California said that last month that an elementary-school bully began threatening to report her victims as bullies so they would have to suffer through such a meetingand in effect creating a bullying hall of mirrors.Weve been here before. Weapons and drugs in schools are a serious problem,too. In response,school districts, states,and the federal government began to favor zero-tolerance policies. In short order, “zero-tolerance” policies became the joking point for late-night comics as kids were suspended for bringing to school aspirin, acne medicine, or a G. I. Joe doll with a small plastic gun.The obvious lesson there and with bullying is that there is no substitute for discretion and judgment by the adults in charge. In some circumstances, eye-rolling could be abusive behavior just as aspirin can be used or abused. But adults shouldnt give up the hard role of making nuanced judgment calls by creating ridiculously rigid discipline codes. Replacing thoughtless inaction with thoughtless action wont solve the problem.1.What does the author say about peoples reaction to bullying?2.What is the strategy of the kids in dealing with anti-bullying policies?3.The “zero-tolerance” policies towards drugs and weapons ended up being（ ）.4.The word “there” in the first line of the last paragraph refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.They wake up thoughtfully.B.They demonstrate little common sense.C.They attach importance to the film.D.They go too far.问题2选项A.To assault the principal at the meeting.B.To turn the classroom into a wall of mirrors.C.To pay attention to kids verbal remarks.D.To render them ineffective by abusing bullying.问题3选项A.elevatedB.suspendedC.ridiculedD.condemned问题4选项A.with eye-rolling and punishable offensesB.with verbal and physical assaultC.with aspirin and acne medicineD.with drugs and weapons【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段最后一句“.American educators and politicians have a well-intentioned overreaction that minimizes common sense in favor of blanket solutions.”因为在我们急于解决问题的过程中, 美国教育家和政客往往出于善意, 反应过度, 而忽略了有利于全面解决方案的常识。所以选项D（他们反应过度）符合原文。选项B是选项D产生的结果, 所以选项D更恰当。2.根据第三段第一句“Some kids have already figured out how to turn the new system on its head.”有些孩子已经想出办法如何颠覆这个新系统。根据本段的例子也可以看出, 孩子们恃强凌弱使得系统失去效率。选项D符合原文。3.根据第四段最后一句“zero-tolerance” policies became the joking point.”零容忍政策成为了一个笑柄。选项C与原文意思相近。4.根据原文可知, 前面两段分别讲了校园欺凌和毒品武器的问题, 最后一段总结这两种事件给人们带来的经验教训。所以there指的是持有毒品和武器, 选项D符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:6. 单选题In England, along a stretch of the northeast coast which gently curves from Northumberland to the estuary of the river Tees, there was a spot, typical of many on that coast, where sea coal was collected richly and effortlessly. This coal was a coarse powder, clean and brilliant. It seemed to bear little resemblance to the large, filthy lumps put onto the fire. Although it was coal,it was perfectly clean and it was silently deposited at high tide in a glittering carpet a kilometer long for the local community to gather up.The gear needed for sea-coaling expeditions was a curious and traditionally proven assortment which never varied from community to community along the entire northeast coastline. Sacks were essential to put the coal in, and string to tie the neck of each sack when it is full. A wooden rake was used to scrape the coal from the beach. The only alternative to the rake was a flat piece of board held in the hand. A flat, board shovel to lift the raked coal into the bags,completed the portable hardware.But the most crucial item of equipment was a bicycle,a special kind of rusty striped- down model which was the symbol of the sea-coaling craft. A ladys bike was no good because it lacked a crossbar,and that was an essential element in transporting sea coal. One full sack could be slung through the triangular frame of a mans bike, another over the crossbar and,sometimes,even a third on top of that. The beauty of the metal bar against the full,wet sacks forced excess water out of the coal while it was being wheeled home. On a good day,the path to the beach was generally a double snail-track of water that had been forced from each end of a trail of coal sacks.1.It can be inferred that between the two types of coal, sea coal（ ）.2.According to the passage, certain equipment was used because（ ） .3.To carry three sacks of coal on a bicycle,it was necessary to .4.By using the bicycle,（ ）.问题1选项A.could burn betterB.might be cheaperC.was more finely-grainedD.came in big pieces问题2选项A.it had proved to be practicalB.it could be made by communitiesC.people there were very traditionalD.the communities had curious habits问题3选项A.put one of them on the saddleB.balance them all on the crossbarC.remove the excess liquidD.balance two on the crossbar问题4选项A.coal could be moved easily over the sandB.the collectors could sell more coalC.excess liquid could be removedD.the collectors could ride home【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.根据第一段二三句“This coal was a coarse powder, clean and brilliant. It seemed to bear little resemblance to the large, filthy lumps put onto the fire.”海运煤是一种粗糙的粉末, 干净又有光泽。它似乎与放在火上的又大又脏的块状物体没有什么相似之处。由此可知, 选项C符合原文。2.根据第二段的第一句“The gear needed for sea-coaling expeditions was a curious and traditionally proven mixture which never varied from community to community along the entire north-east coastline.”可知选项B明显错误;人们用这些设备的原因并不是因为他们很传统或者有奇怪的习惯, 而是因为这些设备很实用。所以选项A正确。3.根据第三段的第三句“One full sack could be slung through the triangular format of a mans bike, another over the crossbar and, sometimes, even a third on top of that.”一个装满了的袋子可以挂在男式自行车的三角形支架上, 另一个袋子可以挂在横梁上, 有时甚至可以在上面放上第三个袋子。由此推断, 要想放三个袋子, 需要保持其他两个袋子的平衡。选项D正确。4.根据第三段倒数第二句“The beauty of the metal bar against the full, wet sacks forced excess water out of the coal while it was being wheeled home.”在（用自行车）运回海运煤的过程中, 那根漂亮的金属杆上放着装得很满的湿袋子, 将多余的水份从海运煤中挤了出来。选项C符合原文。7. 单选题However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the years as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics and, at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.1.The central idea conveyed in the passage is that （ ）.2.The author directly discusses the fact that（ ）.3.It can reasonably be inferred that the author（ ）.4.The author implies that（ ）.5.The authors primary purpose in writing this passage is to（ ） .问题1选项A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parentsB.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the schoolC.parents unwittingly have hindered and thwarted curricular objectivesD.there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home问题2选项A.parents drill their children too much in arithmeticB.principals have explained the new art programs to parentsC.a father can have his son help him construct articles at homeD.a parents misguided efforts can be redirected to proper channels问题3选项A.believes that schools are lacking in guidance personnelB.believes present relationships between home and school are satisfyingC.feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental programD.feels that parent teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present .问题4选项A.participation in interesting activities relating to a school subject improves ones achievement in that areaB.school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parentsC.only a small part of the school day should be set apart for drilling in arithmeticD.too many children are lazy and have poor work habits问题5选项A.tell parents to pay more attention to the guidance of teachers in the matter of educational activities in the homeB.help ensure that every childs capacities can fully develop when he leaves schoolC.urge teachers and school administrators to make use of a much underused resource of the parentsD.improve the teaching approach in mathematics in and outside the classroom【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.结合全文内容可知，第一段提出父母对孩子的影响是不容忽视的，接下来的内容主要是讨论如何帮助家长理解并且推进学校目标的关键教师。所以选项B更能概括全文。2.根据第三段第一句“the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents.”课堂老师在得到上级允许的情况下，也可以起到启发家长的重要作用。第三段列举了具体的例子，所以选项D符合原文。3.根据倒数第二段的内容，作为一名专业顾问，教师最需要的是一种创造性的方法和家长沟通，以便他们知道如何有效的利用孩子们的课外时间。由此可知，作者认为教师和家长之间的沟通可以更进一步，更具有建设性意义。选项D符合原文。4.根据第四五段的内容可知，作者暗示 参加与学校课程有关的有趣活动可以提高一个人在该领域的成就。选项A符合原文。5.根据原文内容可知，本文强调父母的巨大影响不能被老师忽视或轻视，学校要和家庭联合起来，合力促进青少年能力的全面发展。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是为了敦促教师和学校管理者利用家长这个未得到充分利用的资源。选项C正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:8. 单选题The book contained a large（ ） of information.问题1选项A.dealB.amountC.numberD.sum【答案】B【解析】a large amount of+不可数名词；a large number of+可数名词；deal的用法为a great/good deal of+不可数名词。information为不可数名词，所以选项B正确。9. 单选题Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the childs individual personality,characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easy-going,children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress,such as that found in disrupted families,seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast,a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easy-going,relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.There is some relationship between age and childrens characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older,the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings,and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be distributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8,and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame,anger,and self-reflection.Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant,have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore,the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained? The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our cultur