考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考前自测提分卷17(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Melissa is a computer（ ）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.问题1选项A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。genius“天才”；virus“病毒”；disease“疾病”；bacteria“细菌”， 根据destroyed files in computers“破坏电脑中的文件”，可知此处说的是电脑病毒。句意：米丽莎是一种电脑，它能够摧毁电脑中的文件，困扰了成千上万的全球用户。故正确答案为选项B。2.单选题He had wanted a 25% raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5% raise would have to（ ）.问题1选项A.sufficeB.satisfyC.gratifyD.delight【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。suffice“足够；足以”；satisfy“满意；令人满意”；gratify“使满足”；delight“高兴；使高兴”，在经过和他老板谈话之后他觉得可以接收5%的涨薪，将涨薪25%与涨薪5%相比，5%只可以说是够的，可以接受的。句意：他原想涨薪25%，但是经过与他老板谈话之后，他决定涨5%就。故正确答案为选项A。3.单选题It is agreed that all nations should take measures against terrorism on the basis of the UN（ ）and other international laws.问题1选项A.CharterB.ConstitutionC.ConcordanceD.Custody【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Charter“宪章”；Constitution“宪法；体制；章程”；Concordance “调和；一致”；Custody“保管；监护”，根据句子结构可知此处要填的词与laws意思相近，所以四个选项中只有Constitution符合。句意：所有的国家都应该在基于联合国章程和其他国际法律的基础上采取措施抵制恐怖主义，这是一个共识。故正确答案为选项B。4.单选题The discrepant in the company accounts is so（ ）that no auditor could have failed to notice it.问题1选项A.spontaneousB.conspicuousC.notoriousD.superfluous【答案】B【解析】考查同形词词义辨析。spontaneous“自发的；无意识的”；conspicuous“显而易见的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；superfluous“多余的；奢侈的”，根据that后面的内容“任何一个审计员都能够发现”可知此处的discrepant“差异”非常明显，所以此处应该使用conspicuous。句意：这个公司账目上的不符非常，任何一个审计员都能够发现。故正确答案为选项B。5.单选题It is essential to be on the（ ）for any signs of movement in the undergrowth since there are poisonous snakes in the area.问题1选项A.guardB.careC.alertD.alarm【答案】C【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配。根据句意可知此处要填一个词与be on the . for构成搭配，表示“警惕、提防”的意思，care和alarm都不能与之构成搭配，be on the alert for是固定搭配表示“警惕、提防”的意思，guard通常的用法是be on guard for，guard的前面不需要加定冠词the，所以此处应该选择alert，故正确答案为选项C。6.单选题The emphasis on examinations is by far the（ ）worst form of competition in schools.问题1选项A.negligentB.edibleC.fabulousD.disproportionate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible “可食用的”；fabulous “难以置信的；极好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根据句子意思可知此处应该填一个形容词，并且是表示贬义的形容词来形容“强调考试”这种糟糕的竞赛方式，分析四个选项，只有disproportionate最恰当。句意：对考试的强调是目前学校里面最不合理竞赛方式。故正确答案为选项D。7.不定项选择题Visiting a National Park can be relaxing, inspiring and rejuvenating, but it can also be disturbing. As you drive into Rocky Mountain National Park, and you will see starving el, damaged meadows and dying forests. Our parks are growing old because we have mistakenly protected them from national Parks, the National Park Service must change its management priorities to prevent over population of animals and to restore natural process in the forest in order to prevent their stagnation and “death” by old age. We must act soon: our parks are dying of old age because we have altered the forces in nature that keep them young and strong.By tracing the history of our National Parks, we can understand the problem and see why we need active management. In the early part of the 20th century, settlers exploited wildlife heavily, resulting in near-extinction of many species. Therefore, several National Parks were established by Congress primarily to save endangered animals. However, stricter wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management technique resulted in greater populations of animals overcrowding in areas of high concentration, such as the Yellowstone elk herds. Complicating the problem, theNational Park Service in the early part of the 20th century adopted a policy of aggressive predator elimination, thus reducing natural wildlife population control. Subsequently, elk and population exploded in many National Parks, resulting in severe damage to native vegetation. Vigorous forest fire and insect suppression in the National Parks throughout the 20th century further altered the natural environment by allowing forests to over-mature, without natural thinning processes. Park managers thought that they were protecting the land, but actually they were removing important controls from the forest ecosystem.Clearly, we must immediately if we want to pass down to our children and grandchildren the green legacy of our National Parks; we must step in and restore the natural processes which we have altered through our well-intentioned, but misguided, policies in the past.1. According to the article, strict wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management techniques（ ）.2. According to the author, there would not be starving elks, damaged meadows or dying forests in National Parks if（ ）.3. According to the article, the population explosion of elk and deer was caused also by（ ）.4. From the article, we can deduce that the author（ ）.5. Which one of the following statements is NOT true according to the article?问题1选项A.caused the near extinction of the endangered animals.B.intervened the natural process.C.made the visit of National Parks relaxing, and inspiring and rejuvenating.D.saved the elks in the Rocky Mountain Park from starvation.问题2选项A.the government introduced stricter wildlife laws.B.the National Park Service employed more wildlife management technique.C.the natural processes were restored.D.if we continued to improve our natural environment.问题3选项A.the adoption of a policy of aggressive predator elimination.B.the increased number of National Parks.C.the deceasing number of visitors to National Parks.D.the heavy exploitation of endangered animals in the 20 century.问题4选项A.is in support of the resent policies.B.appreciates the present management techniques.C.thinks that the forces in nature should be altered.D.is strongly in favor of the natural processes.问题5选项A.Park managers interrupted the forest ecosystems throughout the 20th century.B.Flesh-eating animals should not be eliminated.C.Insect suppression may cause the forests to over-mature.D.Severe damage to native vegetation in the forest is caused by fire.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据文章，严格的野生动物保护法和改善后的野生动物管理技术选项A“造成了濒危动物的濒临灭绝”；选项B“干预了自然过程”；选项C“使参观国家公园变得轻松愉快充满活力”；选项D“拯救了洛基山国家公园中快要饿死的麋鹿”，根据文章第二段中“However, stricter wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management technique resulted in greater populations of animals overcrowding in areas of high concentration, such as the Yellowstone elk herds. 然而，严格化的野生动物保护法和改良的野生动物管理技术导致大量的动物拥挤在动物密度非常大的地区，比如黄石公园的麋鹿”，根据此句可知其所带来的影响是负面的，故可以排除选项C、D；选项A所表达的意思与此句相反，故错误；所以正确答案为选项B。第2题:细节事实题。根据作者的观点，国家公园将不会再有快要饿死的麋鹿、被破坏的草地和奄奄一息的森林选项A“政府采用更加严格的野生动物法”；选项B“国家公园管理局采用更多野生动物管理技术”；选项C“重新恢复自然进程”；选项D“我们继续改善我们的自然环境”。根据文章第一段中“the National Park Service must change its management priorities to prevent over population of animals and to restore natural process in the forest in order to prevent their stagnation and death by old age.”国家公园管理局必须改变他们的管理优先级来阻止动物数量的增加和恢复自然进程，不让公园停滞不前或者随着时间死去，可知“阻止动物数量的增加”和“恢复自然进程”是两个有效的解决办法，故正确答案为选项C。第3题:推理判断题。根据这篇文章，麋鹿和鹿的数量的激增也是由于什么造成的，选项A“采取了消除食肉动物的政策”；选项B“国家公园数量的增加”；选项C“国家公园 游客的减少”；选项D“20世纪对濒危动物的过度开发”，根据第二段中“the National Park Service in the early part of the 20th century adopted a policy of aggressive predator elimination, thus reducing natural wildlife population control.”国家公园管理局在20世纪早期采取了消除食肉动物的政策，因此失去了对野生动物数量的控制，由此可知采取了消除食肉动物的政策也是麋鹿和鹿的数量激增的一个原因，故正确答案为选项A。第4题:观点态度题。根据这篇文章，我们可以推断出作者选项A“支持现有的政策”；选项B“欣赏现有的管理技术”；选项C“认为应该改变自然的力量”；选项D“强烈支持自然进程”， 作者在这篇文章中表示了对国家公园管理局采取的对国家公园的管理措施的批判，认为其干预了自然的进程，于是破坏了生态的平衡，所以作者是支持自然进程的，故正确答案为选项D。第5题:细节事实题。根据这篇文章，以下哪个陈述是不正确的？选项A“20世纪，公园管理者干扰了森林的生态系统”；选项B“食肉动物不应该被消除”；选项C“防虫会造成 森林的过熟”；选项D“森林中当地蔬菜的严重的损害是由火灾造成的”，选项A、B 符合文章的中心思想，排除；根据文章第二段中“Vigorous forest fire and insect suppression in the National Parks throughout the 20th century further altered the natural environment by allowing forests to over-mature整个20世纪国家公园中严重的森林火灾和防虫造成了森林的过熟，改变了自然环境”，可知火灾和防虫造成了森林的过熟，所以选项C正确，排除；根据“elk and population exploded in many National Parks, resulting in severe damage to native vegetation. 许多国家公园中麋鹿数量的急剧增加造成了当地蔬菜的严重破坏”，可知造成蔬菜破坏的是麋鹿数量的增加，故选项D表达错误，故正确答案为选项D。8.单选题We usually have a ten minute（ ）between classes.问题1选项A.pauseB.interferenceC.intervalD.distraction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pause“暂停”；B选项interference“干扰，冲突”；C选项interval“间隔，间距”；D选项distraction“注意力分散，消遣”。句意：我们通常有十分钟的课间休息时间。根据句意，C选项interval“间隔，间距”可表示课间休息。因此C选项符合题意。9.单选题If the work-force respected you, you wouldnt need to（ ）your authority so often.问题1选项A.affirmB.restrainC.assertD.maintain【答案】C【解析】本题考查动词辨析题。affirm“断言；肯定”；restrain“抑制”；assert“声称；坚持；维护”；maintain“保持”，根据respected“尊重”可知此处对应的是“维护权威”，表示维护权威或者捍卫权威是要用动词assert，故正确答案为选项C。句意为：如果工人们尊重你，你就不需要总是维护你的权威。10.不定项选择题Would you stop buying Apples products if it decided to help the FBI open a terrorists iPhone? I thought not.Which is to say that Apple CEO Tim Cook, in his refusal to help the FBI break into iphones, is ahead of most of the population. But maybe not all that far ahead. His very public stance might even turn out to be the smartest thing hes done for Apple since becoming CEO.We all give our privacy away every day, constantly, to a panoply of entities. I actually snorted a laugh when Facebook and Google proclaimed their support for Cooks position. Facebook and Google horde more data about us than any other commercial entities and make billions of dollars on it. Remember, their products are free; their core business is selling the details of our lives to advertisers.At the moment, when most consumers say theyre concerned about privacy, theyre kidding themselves. A recent survey by TRUSTe and the National Cyber Security Alliance found that 92 percent of respondents who use the Internet said they worry about online privacy, yet 89 percent do not avoid businesses they feel are not respecting their privacy.In other words, our anxieties about this stuff are completely disconnected from our actions.And encroachments on our privacy are only going to get worse. Wearables like Fitbits, smart home devices like Nest, connected cars and Internet of Things sensors are all creating ever more data about ever more detailed and intimate aspects of our lives. Artificial intelligence software can stitch together different kinds of data to paint a ridiculously accurate picture of an individual.In many ways, we welcome this the better technology knows us, the better it can serve us. But at what point does the exploitation of our details turn from convenience into invasion? And dont we want control of that knob to understand and decide what were agreeing to share?Cook is making us think about all that now. Do most people care much about this one case, this one phone? Not likely. But this fight is making us realize that we need to make some decisions, individually and as a society, about digital privacy before it gets away from us. A cynic might say Apple can afford to take this stand because it doesnt rely on selling advertising as a business model. But every company should take the publics interest in Apples decision to heart. Privacy is rising to a new level of awareness.Apple, so often on the forefront, seems to know this. The FBI said Cooks stand is a marketing ploy. In Cooks letter to customers, he snorted, “Absolutely not. Nothing could be further from the truth.” He added, “This is and always has been about our customers. We feel strongly that if we were to do what the government has asked of us - to create a backdoor to our products not only is it unlawful but it puts the vast majority of good and law abiding citizens, who rely on iphone to protect their most personal and important data, at risk.”So, really, Cooks position may not be a ploy. It could turn out to be brilliant marketing.1. Why did the author snort a laugh when Facebook and Google proclaimed their support for Cooks position?2. What does the word “encroachment” in paragraph 6 mean?3. The following devices are creating more data about our lives in a more detailed and intimate way EXCEPT（ ）.4. What can we infer from this passage?5. The best title for this passage would be（ ）.问题1选项A.Because they didnt agree with Cook from the bottom of their hearts.B.Because they possessed more information about us than any other commercial entities.C.Because they made billions of dollars by supporting Apple.D.Because they didnt care about their clients privacy at all.问题2选项A.protectionB.violationC.promotionD.exploitation问题3选项A.TrusteB.Internet of Things sensorsC.Wearables like FitbitsD.Smart home devices like Nest问题4选项A.Cooks refusal is regarded as a mere tactic by the general public.B.All companies that provide free products are selling details of our lives to advertisers.C.Most people say they are concerned about their privacy but actually they fail to pay much attention to it.D.Every company should learn from Apples business models.问题5选项A.Awareness of privacy protection should be promotedB.Whether Cooks refusal is just a ployC.The battle between FBI and AppleD.How Tim Cook aims to profit from protecting privacy【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由上文可知，库克拒绝泄露用户隐私，那么为什么当Facebook和谷歌宣布支持库克的立场时，作者嗤之以鼻呢？答案在第三段第三句Facebook and Google horde more data about us than any other commercial entities and make billions of dollars on it（Facebook和谷歌比任何其他商业实体拥有更多关于我们的数据，并从中赚取了数十亿美元），由此句可知，Facebook和谷歌通过用户隐私盈利，可见他们并没有那么尊重用户隐私，因此D选项“因为他们根本不关心客户的隐私”正确。第2题:语义推测题。根据下文可知，可穿戴设备、智能家居物联网传感器正在创造更多关于我们生活的更详细、更亲密的方面的数据。人工智能软件可以将不同种类的数据拼接在一起，绘制出一个极为精确的个体形象，由此可以推测出，我们的数据进一步被泄露了，因此B选项“侵害”正确。第3题:事实细节题。题干为“以下设备除了 之外，正在以更详细、更亲密的方式创造更多关于我们生活的数据”，本题可采用排除法。根据第六段第二句中的Wearables like Fitbits, smart home devices like Nest, connected cars and Internet of Things sensors are all creating ever more data about ever more detailed and intimate aspects of our lives（Fitbit等可穿戴设备、Nest等智能家居设备、联网汽车和物联网传感器都在创造越来越多的数据，这些数据涉及我们生活中更详细、更亲密的方面）可排除B、C、D选项，因此A选项正确。第4题:判断推理题。根据第四段第二句中的92 percent of respondents who use the Internet said they worry about online privacy, yet 89 percent do not avoid businesses they feel are not respecting their privacy（92%的上网受访者说他们担心网上隐私，但89%的人不会回避他们认为不尊重自己隐私的业务）和第五段our anxieties about this stuff are completely disconnected from our actions（我们对这些事情的焦虑与我们的行为完全无关）可推断出，虽然人们嘴上说着很注重隐私，但是他们的实际行动却不是这样的，因此C选项“大多数人说他们关心隐私，但实际上他们并没有足够重视这一点”符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。文章由库克拒绝向FBI泄露隐私为开头，讲述了不同公司和个人对数据隐私保护的态度和具体做法，因此A选项“提高隐私保护意识”符合题意。B、C选项过于片面，D选项不符合文意，均可排除。