考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考前自测提分卷19(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Though seriously damaged by a fire, the ancient mansion was eventually（ ）to its original splendor.问题1选项A.repairedB.renewedC.restoredD.renovated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项repair“修理；补救，纠正”；B选项renew“使更新；续借；续费”；C选项restore“恢复；修复；归还”；D选项renovate“更新；革新；刷新”。句意：尽管被一场火灾严重损坏，但这个古老的宅第最后被恢复到了它原来的壮丽。结合此处语境，C选项正确。2.单选题In the morning the children were delighted to find that everything was under a（ ）of snow outside.问题1选项A.coatB.cloakC.frockD.shawl【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项coat“外套；表层”；B选项cloak“斗篷；宽大外衣”；C选项frock“女装；连衣裙；罩袍”；D选项shawl“围巾；长方形披巾”。句意：早上孩子们高兴地发现，外面的一切都在一层雪的下面。固定搭配a coat of“一层”，结合此处语境，A选项正确。3.单选题All the decoration （ ）from the beauty of the buildings shape.问题1选项A.damagesB.deterioratesC.devaluesD.detracts【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项damage“毁坏”；B选项deteriorate“恶化”；C选项devalue“贬值”；D选项detract from“诋毁，贬低（某人的声誉、影响等）；减损（机器效能等）”。句意：所有的装饰有损于这栋建筑外形的美观。结合此处语境，D选项正确。4.单选题The newspaper（ ）the details of the accident in a short time.问题1选项A.disclosedB.exhibitedC.exposedD.discovered【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项disclose “公开；披露”；B选项exhibit“展览；显示；提出（证据等）”；C选项expose“揭露（多指揭露丑闻，坏人坏事或各种阴谋）；使曝光；显示”；D选项discover“发现；发觉”。句意：这份报纸不久就披露了这起事故的细节。结合此处语境，A选项正确。5.单选题Many people are（ ）to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital.问题1选项A.insensitiveB.allergicC.infectiousD.alert【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项insensitive“感觉迟钝的”；B选项allergic“对过敏的”；C选项infectious“传染的；传染性的”；D选项alert“警惕的；留心的”。句意：很多人对虫子叮咬过敏，且有些人甚至不得不去医院。结合此处句意，B选项正确。6.单选题Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazines: the Bug-Eyed Monster, embodying every trait and （1） that most people find repulsive, is about to grab, and presumably ravish, a sweet, blonde, curvaceous, scantily-clad Earth girl. This is unfortunate because it demeans and （2） a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor. In （3）to this unwarranted stereotype, science fiction rarely emphasizes sex, and when it （4）, it is more discreet than other contemporary fiction.（5）, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the（6）between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature of change and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to（7）that science fiction is a major literary genre at this time, the（8）of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studying for（9）other literary form does quite the same things.The question is: what is science fiction? And the answer（0）be, unfortunately, that there have been（1）attempts to consider this question at any length or with much seriousness; it may well be that science fiction will resist any comprehensive definition of its（12）. To say this, however, does not mean that there are no ways of defining it, （13）that various facets of its totality cannot be clarified. To begin with, the following（14）should be helpful: science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the（15）of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified and（16）, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a（17）of departure.The first pointthat science fiction is a literary subgenreis a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or（18）in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, science fiction is cither a short story or a novel.（19）are only a few dramas which could be（20）science fiction, with Karel Capeks RUR (Russums Universal Robots)（21）the only one that is well-known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves that same basic（22）in much the same way as prose fiction（23）, that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.Everything that can（24）about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, （25）short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language and theme. And（26）any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with（27）mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and（28）in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular（29）of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would（30）for any other story or novel.问题1选项A.expressionB.featureC.characterD.merit问题2选项A.desertsB.advocatesC.degradesD.reduces问题3选项A.regardB.contrastC.relationD.accordance问题4选项A.wasB.isC.didD.does问题5选项A.InsteadB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Also问题6选项A.bondsB.communicationC.relationD.alliance问题7选项A.claimB.swearC.requestD.confirm问题8选项A.dimensionsB.walksC.aspectsD.roles问题9选项A.noneB.someC.anyD.no问题10选项A.shouldB.mustC.willD.cant问题11选项A.fewB.a fewC.littleD.a little问题12选项A.essenceB.characteristicsC.qualityD.value问题13选项A.norB.soC.thoughD.since问题14选项A.procedureB.argumentC.instructionD.definition问题15选项A.suggestionsB.applicationsC.implicationsD.descriptions问题16选项A.prolongedB.expandedC.continuedD.stretched问题17选项A.pointB.dotC.locationD.spot问题18选项A.abandonedB.dismissedC.initiatedD.ignored问题19选项A.ThoseB.WhatC.ThereD.They问题20选项A.referredB.entitledC.calledD.declared问题21选项A.beingB.isC.areD.does问题22选项A.intentionsB.functionsC.routinesD.occasions问题23选项A.in resultB.in commonC.in generalD.in manner问题24选项A.be sayingB.be saidC.to sayD.say问题25选项A.eitherB.neitherC.not onlyD.whether问题26选项A.asB.thoughC.unlikeD.like问题27选项A.interpretingB.translatingC.exchangingD.representing问题28选项A.recognizedB.presentedC.depictedD.expressed问题29选项A.conflictB.cooperationC.collectionD.combination问题30选项A.haveB.doC.beD.make【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:B第13题:A第14题:D第15题:C第16题:B第17题:A第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C第21题:A第22题:B第23题:C第24题:B第25题:D第26题:D第27题:A第28题:B第29题:C第30题:D【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项expression“表现，表达；表情”；B选项feature“特色，特征；容貌；特写”；C选项character“性格，品质；特性；角色”；D选项merit“优点，价值；功绩；功过”。由空格前trait“特点”可知B选项正确。2. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项desert“遗弃；放弃；逃跑”；B选项advocate“提倡，主张，拥护”；C选项degrade“贬低；使丢脸；使降级；使降解”；D选项reduce“减少；降低”。由空格前关键字demean“贬低的身份”可知C选项正确。3. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。in contrast to“与相反”，由空格后关键句science fiction rarely emphasizes sex，中文翻译为：科幻小说很少强调性，可知B选项正确。4. 【试题解析】考查语法。由空格前的句子可知此处为一般现在时，并且这里为主谓结构。根据语境和句意可知D选项正确。5. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合后文“the basic interest of science fiction lies in.between man and his technology and between man and the universe.”，中文大意为：科幻小说的根本兴趣在于人与其技术和人与宇宙之间的。因此判断出空格处表示相反的意思，A选项正确。6. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项bonds“联结，连接，联系”；B选项communication“通讯；通信；交流”；C选项relation“关系；叙述；亲属关系”；D选项alliance“联盟，联合；联姻”。联系下文“between man and his technology and between man and the universe.”，句意：人与其技术和人与宇宙之间的根据语境和句意可知C选项正确。7. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项claim“声称；需要”；B选项swear“发誓；咒骂”；C选项request“请求”；D选项confirm“确认；确定”。由下文“that science fiction is a major literary genre”，中文翻译为：科幻小说是一个主要的文学形式，可知A选项正确。8. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项dimension“范围；尺寸，长度；深度”；B选项walk“步行；行业；人行道”；C选项aspect“方面；方向；形势；外貌”；D选项role“角色；任务”。根据上下文可知C选项正确。9. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项none“没有人；一个也没有；没有任何东西”；B选项some“一些；若干；其中的一部分；（数量不确切时用）有些人”；C选项any“任何；任何一个；若干”；D选项no“没有；不”。根据上文make it well worth reading and studying，中文翻译为：让它值得被阅读和研究。for在本句话中翻译为“因为”，结合上下文意思，D选项正确。10. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上下文可知该空格处应表示有把握的一种推测。因此B选项正确。11. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上下文，空格处应表示“几乎不”，此处大意应为：几乎没有人试图对这个问题作过详尽或认真的考虑。结合句意A选项正确。12. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项essence“本质，实质；精华”；B选项characteristics“特性，特征；特色”；C选项quality“质量，品质；特性”；D选项value“价值；价格”。B选项正确。13. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系下文“various facets of its totality cannot be clarified”，中文翻译为“它全体的各个方面不能被澄清”可知此处表示否定，A选项正确。14. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项procedure“程序，手续；步骤”；B选项argument“论证；论据；争吵”；C选项instruction“指令；教导；用法说明”；D选项definition“定义；清晰度”。根据句意，D选项正确。15. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项suggestion“建议；示意”；B选项application“应用；申请；敷用”；C选项implication“含义；暗示；可能的结果，影响”；D选项description“描述，描写”。联系上下文可知C选项正确。16. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项prolong“延长；拖延”；B选项expand“扩展；使膨胀；详述”；C选项continue“延续”；D选项stretch“伸展，张开；使竭尽所能”。结合句意，B选项正确。17. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。a point of departure“出发点”。A选项正确。18. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项abandon“放弃”；B选项dismiss“解散；解雇”；C选项initiate“开始；发起”；D选项ignore“忽视；不理睬”。结合上下文及空格之前的内容，可知D选项正确。19. 【试题解析】考查语法。there be表示某处存在某人或某物。此处大意为：只有一些戏剧作品因此C选项正确。20. 【试题解析】考查词义，A选项refer“涉及；委托；归诸于；使求助于”；B选项entitle“给称号；使有权利”；C选项call“称呼；召集；称为”；D选项declare“忽视；不理睬”。结合上下文语义，可知C选项正确。21. 【试题解析】考查语法。With引导伴随状语，后面的系动词be要用现在分词形式，因此A选项正确。22. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项intention“意图；目的；意向；愈合”；B选项function“功能；职责”；C选项routine“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D选项occasion“时机；场合”。结合上下文可知B选项正确，意为“为同样的功能服务”。23. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。此处后文“that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.”中文翻译为：也就是说，它与其他小说和短篇故事有很多相同之处。结合上下文，可知C选项正确。24. 【试题解析】考查语法。此处为被动语态，can为情态动词，后面所接动词用原型。故选B。25. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。由上下文可知此处应该表示“无论”，因此D选项正确。26. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。由上下文可知此处应该表示“如同”，故D选项正确。27. 【试题解析】考查词义。下文“mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him.”中文翻译为：人类的本性和人类与自己周围世界相关的经历。A选项interpret“解释；说明；阐明”；B选项translate“翻译；转化”；C选项exchange“交换；交易；兑换”；D选项represent“代表；表现”。根据语境及句意，可知A选项正确。28. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项recognize“认出，识别；承认”；B选项present“提出；介绍；呈现；赠送”；C选项depict“描述；描画”；D选项express“表达；快递”。联系上下文可知此处表达的为“呈现”，故B选项正确。29. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项conflict“冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；B选项cooperation“合作，协作”；C选项collection“采集，聚集；税收征收；收藏品；募捐”；D选项combination“结合；组合；联合”。联系下文“of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language.”中文翻译为：叙述者、故事、情节、人物、场景和语言的判断出D选项正确。30. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据上文可知此处应填写系动词，故C选项正确。7.单选题Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldnt it?New “fake fat” products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So its up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat than cant be digested at all.Normally, special chemicals in the intestines “grab” molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say its that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids, compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.1.We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that （ ）.2.The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be （ ）.3.Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that （ ）.4.What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics?5.Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?问题1选项A.contains plenty of nutrientsB.makes foods fat-free while keeping them deliciousC.makes foods easily digestibleD.renders foods caloric-free while retaining their vitamins问题2选项A.commercially uselessB.just as anticipatedC.somewhat controversialD.quite unexpected问题3选项A.it prevents excessive intake of vitaminsB.it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseC.it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyD.it passes through the intestines without being absorbed问题4选项A.It may increase the risk of cancer.B.It may impair the digestive system.C.It may affect the overall fat intake.D.It may spoil the consumers appetite.问题5选项A.It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.B.The function of the intestines may be weakened.C.People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.D.It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词olestra可以定位到文章第六段中“It just slides through the intestines without being broken down.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）滑过肠道而不被分解，以及“It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）为消费者提供一般脂肪的味道而不对身体产生有害作用。可以得知B项“在让食品可口的同时，不让其含有脂肪”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第三段“Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat than cant be digested at all.”中文翻译为：研究者没有发现期望的脂肪，相反他们创造了一种根本不被消化的脂肪。因此可知D选项“很意外的”为正确答案。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词olestra可以定位到文章第六段“It just slides through the intestines without being broken down.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）滑过肠道而不被分解。可以得知D选项“它穿过肠道而不被吸收”符合题意。4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词olestra可以定位到文章第六段中“It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids, compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc.”中文翻译为：它（即奥利斯特拉）也可能阻止类胡萝卜素的吸收，而该化合物可能降低忠癌症、心脏病等的风险。故选A“它可能增加患癌症的风险”。5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章尾段“Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.”中文翻译为：即使如此，一些营养学家仍然担心人们可能在不用担心自己正消耗多少热量的情况下，无限制地吃用脂肪替代物制成的食品。判断出答案为C项“人们可能被引诱去吃多出需要的食品”。8.单选题The schoolmaster（ ）the girls bravery in his opening speech.问题1选项A.applaudedB.enhancedC.elevatedD.clapped【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项applaud“赞同；称赞”；B选项enhance“提高；加强；增加”；C选项elevate“提高；举起；抬高”；D选项clap“拍手；鼓掌；轻轻拍打某人”。句意：校长在开幕致辞上称赞了这个女孩的勇敢行为。因此A选项正确。9.单选题A popular way of keeping fit is to go （ ）, which is a kind of slow-to medium-paced running.问题1选项A.trottingB.saunteringC.strollingD.jogging【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项trot“小跑”；B选项saunter“漫步；闲逛”；C选项stroll“漫步；闲逛；巡回演出”；D选项jog“慢跑；轻推，轻撞”。句意：保持健康的流行方式是去慢跑，其是一种缓慢到中等步伐的跑步。结合此处语境，D选项正确。10.单选题After a number of disagreements with the committee, the helpless chairman（ ）.问题1选项A.retiredB.dismissedC.desertedD.resigned【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项retire“退休；离开；收回”；B选项dismiss“解散；解雇；不予理会”；C选项desert“遗弃；放弃；逃跑”；D选项resign“辞去职务；放弃；委托；使听从”。句意：在与委员会产生很多分歧后，这位无助的主席辞去了自己的职务。结合此处语义，D选项正确。