南京大学真题

南京大学真题 2006 年（ 总分： 72.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 ）一、BPart I Vocabulary/B（ 总题数：10，分数：10.00）1. You dont object you by your first name, do you?（分数： 1.00 ）A. that I callB. for callingC. that I am callingD. to my callingV解析：object to （doing） sth.不赞成，反对做某事。句中my是calling 的逻辑主语；object that 结构中，that引出的部分应该是反对某事的理由，本题表达的不是反对理由，因此A项不符合。2. initial recognition while still quite young.（分数： 1.00 ）A. Most famous scientists achievedVB. That most famous scientists schievedC. Most famous scientists who achievedD. For most famous scientists to achieve解析：根据句子结构判断，空缺部分应该是句子主句部分。 while 引导的是时间状语，四个选项中，只有 A 项是独立、完整的句子。3. The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions thatoccurred .（分数： 1.00 ）A. the area in which dinosaurs roamedB. when dinosaurs roamed the areaVC. did dinosaurs roam the areaD. dinosaurs roaming the area解析：本题空缺部分应该在句中做状语，选项B符合。句意：在恐龙统治该地区时代发生的火山爆发。4. Not until Kentuckys Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972.（分数： 1.00 ）A. when was its full extent realizedB. that its full extent realizedC. was its full extent realizedVD. the realimtion of its full extent解析：not until结构位于句首时，主句部分需要倒装，选项C正确。5. three times in a row, the boxer decided to give up fighting.（分数： 1.00 ）A. Because having been defeatedB. Because being defeatedC. Having been defeatedVD. Having defeated解析：分词短语在句中做原因状语， 并且动作发生在谓语动词 decided 这一动作之前， 因此需用完成时态， 根据句意，拳击手是连续三次被击败，故需用被动结构，选项C正确。6. A membership card authorizes the clubs facilities for a period of 12 months.（分数： 1.00 ）A. the holder usingB. the holders useC. the holder to use VD. the holder uses解析： authorize sb. to do sth. 授予某人做某事的权利。7. At no time should we be by success.（分数： 1.00 ）A. carried offB. carried awayVC. carried downD. carried out解析：句意：我们决不能因取得成功就失去自制力（被成功冲昏头脑）。carry sb. away 使某人失去自制力或非常兴奋； carry off 赢得某物，成功地应付 （困难） 局面； carry down 搬下，取下； carry out 贯彻， 执行。8. The Sydney express was for two hours by the sudden storm.（分数： 1.00 ）A. held downB. held withC. held outD. held upV解析：句意：突然降临的风暴使得悉尼高速公路延误（阻塞）了两小时。hold up阻碍，延误；hold down压制，限制； hold with 同意或赞成某事物； hold out 维持，保持。9. There are no solitary, free-living creatures; every form of life is other forms.（分数： 1.00 ）A. dependent toB. depended toC. depended onD. dependent onV解析：句意：不存在孤立生存的生物，任何生命形态都是依赖于其他生命形态而存在。be dependent on依赖于，取决于。10.Iceland lies far north in the Athlantic, with its northernmost tip actually the ArcticCircle.（分数： 1.00 ）A. touchedB. touchesC. touchingVD. being touched解析： with 引导的独立结构在句中做状语。冰岛的北部接触到北极圈，两者之间是主动关系，故用现在分词 touching 。二、BPart B/B（ 总题数： 10，分数： 10.00）11. No one （care about） if he （appears） at the meeting next year or not. If （it happens） he will （be made to） apologize for his careless comments. A. care about B. appears C. it happens D. be made（分数： 1.00 ） 填空项 1: （正确答案： A）解析：改为cares about。意为“没有人在乎”。12. （Even） （a one-minute） delay will destroy （arrangements of） the meeting if you dont scheduleyour time （well）. A. Even B. a one-minute C. arrangements of D. well（分数： 1.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案： B）解析：改为 one-minute 。 delay 作“耽搁，延误”讲时，是不可数名词。13.School counselors (are convinced) that it will be obligatory that everyone (must have) (some computer training) in order to (enter) the job market. A. are convinced B. must have C. some computer training D. enter(分数： 1.00 )填空项 1: (正确答案： B)解析：改为have。obligatory引导的从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) do 。14. (The age of) a geological sample can (be estimated) from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioaetive carbon (present) in the object (is examined). A. The age of B. be estimated C. present D. is examined(分数： 1.00 )填空项 1: (正确答案： D)解析：改为examined。过去分词短语在句中做定语，表完成和被动；the object examined被检测的物体。15. Dams vary (in size) (from small rock barriers to) concrete structures (many feet) (height).A. in size B. from small rock barriers to C. many feet D. height(分数： 1.00 )填空项 1: (正确答案： D)解析：改为 high 。表示长度、重量等单位的名词后接形容词，结构为：数词 +feet long/high 。16. Geologists (at) the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (rely on) (a number of) instruments to(studying) the volcanoes in Hawaii. A. at B. rely on C. a number of D. studying(分数： 1.00 )填空项 1: (正确答案： D)解析：改为 study 。句中 to 是不定式短语标志，后应接动词原形。17. (As) secretary of transportation, he worked to help the (bankrupt railroads) in the northeastern (United States) (solved) their financial problems. A. As B. bankrupt railroads C. United States D. solved(分数： 1.00 )填空项 1: (正确答案： D)解析：改为 solve 。 help sb. do sth. 固定结构，意为“帮助某人做某事”。18. (After having studied) (so hard) for more than two months, he (felt confidently) of (success).A. After having studied B. so hard C. felt confidently D. success(分数： 1.00 )填空项 1: (正确答案： C)解析：改为 felt confident 。系动词 feel 后应接形容词做表语。19. Photographs (printed in) (newspaper) usually have a caption (underneath) to explain what (they are about). A. printed in B. newspaper C. underneath D. they are about(分数： 1.00 )填空项 1: (正确答案： C)解析：改为below。表示位置：在下面，用 below ； underneath 表示在底部；隶属于。20.Overhead railway, (whose) tracks (are elevated out of) the way of surface traffic, (might have been) (one possible solution to) heavy traffic in big cities. A. whose B. are elevated out ofC. might have been D. one possible solution to(分数： 1.00 )填空项 1: (正确答案： C)解析：改为 might be 。 might be 此处表示可能性； might have done 是对过去发生的事情的肯定猜测。三、BPart C/B( 总题数： 2，分数： 10.00)The suclptural legacy that the new United States U(21) /U its colonial predecessors was U(22) /U a rich one, and U(23) /U in 1776 sculpture as an art form was U(24) /U in the handsof artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see U(25) /U today in old bruial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furntitureor architectural decorations,U(26)/U carved woodenshop signs and ships figureheads. U(27) /U they often achieved expression and formal excellence in theirgenerally primitive style, theyremained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group U(28) /U from what we normally U(29) /U as sculptors U(30) /U the word.(分数： 5.00 )A. inherited fromVB. inherited toC. adapted toD. adopted to解析：句意：美国从殖民先驱那里继承来的雕刻遗产。 inherit from 继承，从前任接过； adapt to 适合； adopt 收养，采纳。A. nearlyB. far fromVC. rarelyD. so much解析：句意：远非一个丰富完善的事物。 far from 远非，远远不是； nearly 几乎； rarely 很少地，罕见 地。A. in factVB. howeverC. sinceD. consequently解析：前文提到 sculpture 在那时不完善，本处接下来描述的是它当时的实际状况，故用 in fact 。A. stillVB. notC. no moreD. ever解析：句意：它仍然只是存在于工匠手中。A. stoodB. being stoodC. standing VD. being standing解析： see sth. doing 看见某物做某事，本处指“看见它们屹立在墓地”。A. however othersB. while the othersC. while othersVD. however the others解析：本句表示两种匠人的工作对比，用 while ；泛指情况下，使用 some. others. 结构。A. ButB. AlthoughVC. SinceD. For解析：句意：虽然他们用原始的风格表达出了，但仍然与我们所说的雕刻家不一样。A. distinctedB. distinctingC. being distinctD. distinct V解析： distinct from 形容词短语在句中做定语，修饰 groupA. thought ofB. thoughtC. think ofVD. think解析： think of sb. as sth.将某人视为。句中 normally “通常”决定了本处应用一般现在时。A. as todays usage ofB. in todays usage ofC. as todays use ofD. in todays use ofV解析： in todays use of word 在现今措辞使用中。 usage 强调惯用法， use 动作意味较强。U (31) /U, optical illusion can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case U(32) /U. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads U(33) /U nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons U(34) /U the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to U(35) /U Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads moundthe country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role U(36) /U one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. U(37) /U those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are U(38) /U- curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initiallyU(39) /U the average speed of drivers in half U(40) /U ,months as drivers becomeusedtraffic often returns to full speed within, to seeing the painted bar.(分数： 5.00 )A. Believing it or not toB. Believe it or not toC. Believing it or notV，固定用法，意为“信不信由你”与谈论的事有关的例证。D. Believe it or not 解析： believe it or notA. in pointVB. to pointC. by pointD. on point 解析： a case in pointA. by VB. toC. atD. over解析： by 表示减少程度。句意：日本通过使用 optical illusion 使事故发生率减少了 75%。A. painted onVB. being painted onC. painted inD. being painted in解析：过去分词短语 painted on 在句中做定语，修饰 chevron ，表完成和被动。A. remakeB. reproduceC. imitateD. repeatV解析： repeat 重复，重现。此处指的是“美国打算采用日本的方法，取得成功”。A. in so much asB. in as much asVC. to as much asD. to so much as解析：play a role in 扮演 的角色；as much as表示与 数量一样多，达到A. Helping to reduceB. To help reduceVC. Helping reducingD. To help reducing 解析：不定式短语在句中做目的状语，意为“为了帮助减少这些事故”。A. the greatestVB. the greaterC. the betterD. the best 解析：句意：将在与速度相关的危险性最大的地区进行测试。A. cutVB. increaseC. produceD. press解析： cut the speed in half 将速度减少一半。A. ThereforeB. However VC. ConsequentlyD. As a result解析： 前文谈论的是 painted bar 的积极作用 （ 降低驾驶速度 ），本句讲的是“人们适应 painted bar 之后， 仍然会全速驾驶”，语意转折，故用 however。四、BPart n Reading Comprehension/B（ 总题数： 4,分数：20.00）BPassage One/BAs a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the irresistible momentum of individualism over the last century. Thecommunications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans private byes.Europes new economic climate has largely fosterd the trend toward independence, the current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Onceupon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twentysometing professionals or widowed senior citizens, while pensioners, particularly elderly women,make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice.Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pirnpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely becanse he has too much work. I have deadlines which would makelife with someoneelse fairly difficult. Only an Iddeal Womanwould makehim change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called The Single Woman and Prince Charming, thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expext morn and more of mates, so relationships dont last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbarthes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family. Instead, Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.（分数： 5.00 ）（1）.More and more young Europeans remain single because . （分数： 1.00 ）A. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageB. they are pessimistic about their economic futureC. they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismV解析：第 1 段，作者在提出许多欧洲人单身这一现象后，用社会学家的话解释了原因：. is part of theirresistible momentum of individualism.表明欧洲人选择单身是受到“个人主义”的驱使。（2）.What is said about Europan society in the passage?（分数： 1.00 ）A. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.B. It has limited consumers choice despite a free market.C. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.解析：第 2 段，作者指出，欧洲的新经济氛围 has largely fostered the trend toward independence “很 大程度上滋长了独立的趋势”，而独立又导致了诸多小型家庭（单身家庭）出现，故选项D正确。（3）.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are . （分数： 1.00 ）A. negative and gloomyB. on either side of marriageC. healthy and wealthyD. warm and lighthearted V解析：第 3 段中作者谈到， 过去人们常常认为独居会 dark and cold ，与人共同居住则会 warmth and light ， 而现在 live alone 则是 young ， beautiful and strong ，年轻人们乐意独居，表明如今，独居是温暖而又 快乐的，与以往不同，故选项D正确。（4）.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that . （分数： 1.00 ）A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomVB. most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptableC. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day, Europe 解析：从第 4 段可知， Eppendorf 是位单身教师，她工作之余参加舞会，晒日光浴， 她表示自己不会 give up a career to raise a family，而且喜欢 live a serf-determined life，她的例子表明现代女性比较倾向个人的自由生活，故选项 A 正确。（5）.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? （分数： 1.00 ）A. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.B. To examine the trend of young people living alone.VC. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.D. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. 解析：本文作者阐述了越来越多的年轻人独居这一现象，随后又对其进行了解释，并给出例子阐述了人们 独居生活的乐趣，故选项 B 符合。BPassage Two/BIt is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its Way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18 th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20 th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in somedetail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction.There are probably no questions we can think up that cant beanswered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.（分数： 5.00 ）（1）.According to the author, really good science . （分数： 1.00 ）A. would surprise the brightest minds of the 18 th century EnlightenmentB. will produce results which cannot be foreseenVC. will help people to make the right choice in advanceD. will bring about disturbing results解析：文章开篇，作者指出“很难预测科学将会带来什么”， if it is really goods science it is impossible to predict “如果它是真正的科学，那就不能被预测”，故选项 B 正确。（2）.Itcan be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century . （分数： 1.00 ）A. thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceVB. were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC. knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD. did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature解析：文章第 2 段讲到“如果 18 世纪的智者得知我们所知甚少， 而且对未来的发展也无法预知，他们会感 到amazed（十分惊讶），可以判断，18世纪的科学家们认为自己知道的很多，能够解决很多问题。故选项 A 正确。（3）.Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?（分数： 1.00）A. They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.B. They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C. They did not believe in results from scientific observation.VD. They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.解析： 第 2 段， 作者指出， 早期科学家们 either pretended to understand how things ， worked or ignored the problem ， or simply made up stories to fill the gaps“要么假装知道事物如何发展，要么忽略这些问题，或者编造一些故事来进行解释”，选项A、B、D的内容分别与之对应，只有选项C的内容未提到。（4）.What is the authors attitude towards science?（分数： 1.00）A. He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B. He is doubtful because of enormous difficulties confronting it.C. He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.VD. He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.解析：第 2 段，作者指出科学研究中，人们意识到自己的无知后感到 depressed ；第 3 段作者又指出我们 才刚刚开始， and there ought to be some satisfaction ，以及在我们力所能及的范围内能够 work our way through to all our answers，可见虽然研究中有诸多困难，但作者还是很有信心的。故选项C正确。（5）.The author believes that .（分数： 1.00）A. man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upVB. man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC. sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD. questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research解析：最后一段，作者明确指出there are probably no questions we can think up that cant beanswered 不会存在我们能想至U但却无法解决的问题”，sooner or later , including even the matterof consciousness “迟早，甚至是与意识有关的问题也能得到解决。故选项A正确。BPassage Three/BA long and painful struggle with cancer and chemotherapy had caused baldness for Barbara Basset, of Mocrstown, NJ. The day her blond hair feel out in clumps was, for Barbara, the worst day of her ordeal. Detemined to use some form of camouflage, she tried a wig but found it itchy and hot. Scarves slopped off or clung too tightly, accentuating the problem. Finally, a friend suggested Barbara call her neighbor, Marie Stevens, an accomplished seamstress who worked at home.Barbara explain