2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷15

2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题President Bush takes to the bully pulpit to deliver a stern lecture to Americas business elite. The Justice Dept. stuns the accounting profession by filing a criminal indictment of Arthur Andersen LLP for destroying documents related to its audits of Enron Corp. On Capitol Hill, some congressional panels push on with biased hearings on Enrons collapse and, now, another busted New Economy star, telecoms Global Crossing. Lawmakers sign on to new bills aimed at tightening oversight of everything from pensions and accounting to executive pay.To any spectators, it would be easy to conclude that the winds of change are sweeping Corporate America, led by George W. Bush, who ran as “a reformer with result”. But far from deconstructing the corporate world brick by brick into something cleaner, sparer, and stronger, Bush aides and many legislators are preparing modest legislative and administrative reforms. Instead of an overhaul, Bushs team is counting on its enforcers, Justice and a newly empowered Securities & Exchange Commission, to make examples of the most egregious offenders. The idea is that business will quickly get the message and clean up its own act.Why wont the outraged rhetoric result in more changes? For starters, the Bush Administration warns that any rush to legislate corporate behavior could produce a raft of flawed hills that raise costs without halting abuses. Business has striven to drive the point home with an intense lobbying blitz that has convinced many lawmakers that over-regulation could startle the stock market and perhaps endanger the nascent economic recovery.All this sets the stage for Washington to get busy with predictably modest results. A surge of caution is sweeping would be reformers on the Hill. “They know they dont want to make a big mistake,” says Jerry J. Jasinowski, president of the National Association of Manufacturers. That go-slow approach suits the White House. Aides say the President, while personally disgusted by Enrons sellout of its pensioners, is reluctant to embrace new sanctions that frustrate even law-abiding corporations and create a litigation bonanza for trial lawyers. Instead, the White House will push for narrowly targeted action, most of it carried out by the SEC, the Treasury Dept, and the Labor Dept. The right outcome, Treasury Secretary Paul H.ONeill said on Mar. 15, “depends on the Congress not legislating things that are over the top.”To ONeill and Bush, that means enforcing current laws before passing too many new ones. Nowhere is that stance clearer than in the Andersen indictment. So the Bush Administration left the decision to Justice Dept. prosecutors rather than White House political operatives or their reformist fellows at the SEC.1. We can learn from the first paragraph that _.2. By “outraged rhetoric” (Paragraph 3), the author is talking about _.3. It seems that the President, in face of the present situation, _.4. The conclusion can be drawn from the text that in the wake of Andersens scandal, the government _.5. What the author wants to suggest may be best interpreted as _.问题1选项A.the Justice Department seized on the plight of Enrons workersB.the White House recognized that stricter control is a political mustC.the President was determined to turn a reformed Andersen into a modelD.the White House responded strongly to the Andersens scandal问题2选项A.an intense lobby blitz shown in corporate behaviorB.the indignation displayed by some congressmenC.a decision left up to Justice Dept. prosecutorsD.the message embodied in the Presidents actions问题3选项A.must embrace new sanctionsB.should avoid law enforcementC.may be caught in a dilemmaD.can stop delivering lectures问题4选项A.may make only modest changeB.will take drastic countermeasuresC.will adopt corporate restructuringD.will investigate Enrons collapse问题5选项A.“Crime doesnt pay.”B.“Haste makes waste.”C.“Look before you leap.”D.“Like father, like son.”【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1. 【选项释义】We can learn from the first paragraph that _. 我们可以从第一段得知_。A. the Justice Department seized on the plight of Enrons workers A. 司法部抓住了安然员工的困境B. the White House recognized that stricter control is a political must B. 白宫认识到，更严格的控制是一项政治必须C. the President was determined to turn a reformed Andersen into a model C. 总统决心将重组后的安达信转变为典范D. the White House responded strongly to the Andersens scandal D. 白宫对安达信丑闻作出了强烈反应【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph 1与题干信息可定位到第一段“布什总统在第一号讲坛上向美国的商业精英们发表了一篇严厉的演讲。美国司法部(Justice department)对安达信会计师事务所(Arthur Andersen LLP)提起刑事诉讼，指控其销毁了与安然公司(Enron Corp.)审计文件有关的文件。”由此可推测白宫强烈谴责安达信事务所，并且作出了强烈反应。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“司法部抓住了安然员工的困境”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“白宫认识到更严格的控制是政治上必须的”，曲解原文，该选项属于过度推断；C选项“总统决心将重组后的安达信转变为典范”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。2. 【选项释义】By “outraged rhetoric” (Paragraph 3), the author is talking about _. 通过“义愤填膺的言辞”（第3段），作者谈论的是_。A. an intense lobby blitz shown in corporate behavior A. 公司行为中表现出的激烈游说闪电战B. the indignation displayed by some congressmen B. 一些国会议员表现出的愤怒C. a decision left up to Justice Dept. prosecutors C. 由司法部检察官做出的决定D. the message embodied in the Presidents actions D. 体现在总统行动中的信息【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph 3与题干信息可定位到第三段“为什么愤怒的言辞不会带来更多的改变？”可推测出该句指的是第一段中布什总统在第一号讲坛上向美国的商业精英们发表了一篇严厉的演讲。之后在总统的带领下，变革之风正在席卷美国企业界。布什的助手和许多立法者正在准备适度的立法和行政改革。司法部和新晋授权的证券交易委员会对最恶劣的违法者进行惩罚。这一系列改革都是围绕总统的演讲展开的。但是这些改革也是适度的改变，布什的团队并没有进行彻底的改革，因此不会带来更多的改变。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项，曲解原文，属于过度推断。3. 【选项释义】It seems that the President, in face of the present situation, _. 看来总统面对目前的形势, _。A. must embrace new sanctions A. 必须接受新的制裁B. should avoid law enforcement B. 应该避免执法C. may be caught in a dilemma C. 可能会陷入两难境地D. can stop delivering lectures D. 可以停止演讲了【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第三段“首先，布什政府警告说，任何急于立法的公司行为都可能产生大量有缺陷的山丘，在不制止滥用的情况下提高成本。企业界努力通过密集的游说闪电战来阐明这一点，说服许多议员相信，过度监管可能会令股市受惊，并可能危及刚刚开始的经济复苏。”以及倒数第二段“助手表示，尽管总统个人对安然出售养老金的行为感到厌恶，但它不愿接受新的制裁，即便是让守法的企业感到沮丧，也不愿为出庭律师带来诉讼的财源。”由此可知，总统虽然要对企业界进行改革，但是过度监管会影响经济，并且安然公司不愿接受新的制裁。由此可以推断，总统在目前的情况下处于两难境地。【干扰项排除】A选项“必须接受新的制裁”，文中说的是安然公司不愿接受新的制裁，并不是指总统，该选项属于张冠李戴；B选项“应该避免执法”，文章最后一段提到“对奥尼尔和布什来说，这意味着在通过太多新法律之前先执行现有法律。”，可知总统会进行执法，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；D选项“可以停止演讲了”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。4. 【选项释义】The conclusion can be drawn from the text that in the wake of Andersens scandal, the government _. 从文中可以得出结论，在安达信的丑闻之后，政府_。A. may make only modest change A. 可能只会做出适度的改变B. will take drastic countermeasures B. 将采取严厉的对策C. will adopt corporate restructuring C. 将采取公司重组D. will investigate Enrons collapse D. 将调查安然的倒闭【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到文中第二段“但是，布什的助手和许多立法者正在准备适度的立法和行政改革，而不是将企业界一砖一瓦地解构成更干净、更节俭、更强大的东西。（But far from deconstructing the corporate world brick by brick into something cleaner, sparer, and stronger, Bush aides and many legislators are preparing modest legislative and administrative reforms.）”由此可推断政府会进行适度的改革。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“将采取严厉的对策”，由推断可知，政府会进行适度的改变，而不是严厉的对策，该选项属于过度推断；C选项“将采取公司重组”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“将调查安然的倒闭”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。5. 【选项释义】What the author wants to suggest may be best interpreted as _. 作者想表达的最好解释为_。A. “Crime doesnt pay.” A. “罪有应得。”B. “Haste makes waste.” B. “欲速则不达。”C. “Look before you leap.” C. “三思而后行。”D. “Like father, like son.” D. “有其父必有其子。”【答案】B【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】第一段讲到司法部对安达信事务所提出控诉；第二段讲到布什的助手和许多立法者正在准备适度的立法和行政改革；第三段讲过度的言辞也不会带来更多的改变，因为过度监管会影响经济；第四段讲将会采取温和的措施，国会是进行谨慎的改革；最后一段讲政府把决定权交给司法部。综合全文，文章主要讲政府要进行改革，但为了不影响经济复苏，要进行适度的改革。“欲速则不达”指违背规律、一味求快，反而达不到目的。符合文章大意。因此选B选项。【干扰项排除】A选项“罪有应得。”，可以说安达信公司是罪有应得，但这是对文章的片面概括，属于以偏概全；C选项“三思而后行。”，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“有其父必有其子。”，该选项属于曲解原文。2. 翻译题如果把电压加到电路的两端，在电路中就会有电流流动。【答案】If the voltage is applied to both ends of the circuit, there will be current flow in the circuit.3. 单选题To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations; she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just dont understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human term, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle School classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.1. The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.2. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _.3. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _.4. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.5. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _.问题1选项A.call on scientists to take some actionsB.criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC.warn of the doom of biomedical researchD.show the triumph of the animal rights movement问题2选项A.cruel but naturalB.inhuman and unacceptableC.inevitable but viciousD.pointless and wasteful问题3选项A.discontent with animal researchB.ignorance about medical scienceC.indifference to epidemicsD.anxiety about animal rights问题4选项A.communicate more with the publicB.employ hi-tech means in researchC.feel no shame for their causeD.strive to develop new cures问题5选项A.a well-known humanistB.a medical practitionerC.an enthusiast in animal rightsD.a supporter of animal research【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1. 【选项释义】The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.作者以埃德蒙伯克的话开始他的文章来_。A. call on scientists to take some actions. A. 呼吁科学家采取一些行动B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights B. 批评误入歧途的动物权利事业C. warn of the doom of biomedical research C. 警告生物医学研究的末日D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement D. 展示动物权利运动的胜利【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段“一个被误导的事业要取得胜利，所需要的就是好人什么都不做”以及第二段“科学家需要对动物权利倡导作出强有力的回应”。作者用Edmund Burke的话中谈到误导之所以得逞就是好人不采取行动而下文又说科学家需要采取行动。由此可推断，作者呼吁科学家采取行动。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“批评误入歧途的动物权利事业”，作者只是说要采取行动对动物权利倡导者作出强有力的回应，而并不是批评误入歧途的动物权利事业，该选项属于过度推断；C选项“警告生物医学研究的末日”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“展示动物权利运动的胜利”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。2. 【选项释义】Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _. 被误导的人倾向于认为用动物做研究是_。A. cruel but natural A. 残酷的但自然的B. inhuman and unacceptable B. 不人道的和不可接受的C. inevitable but vicious C. 不可避免的但恶性的D. pointless and wasteful D. 毫无意义的和浪费的【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】文章第一段最后一句谈到“当人们听到医学实验虐待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”；第二段举例说明人们毫无理由地反对动物实验；第三段结尾又说“对于不明真相的人们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。”因此文章多次暗示。被误导的人们对动物实验的看法是B选项“不人道的和不可接受的”。【干扰项排除】A选项“残酷的但自然的”，被误导的人认为是残酷的，但是自然的不是他们的看法，该选项属于过度推断；C选项“不可避免的但恶性的”，恶性的可以是他们的看法，但文中提到“不要担心，科学家会找到使用计算机的方法。”也就是说他们认为是可以避免的，用别的方法代替的，而并不是不可避免的，该选项属于反向干扰；D选项“毫无意义的和浪费的”，文中并没有提到毫无意义的是他们的看法，该选项属于曲解原文。3. 【选项释义】The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _. 这位老奶奶的例子被用来展示公众_。A. discontent with animal research A. 对动物研究的不满B. ignorance about medical science B. 对医学的无知C. indifference to epidemics C. 对流行病漠不关心D. anxiety about animal rights D. 对动物权利的担忧【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段“当被问及传染病卷土重来时会发生什么时，她说：不要担心，科学家会找到使用计算机解决问题的方法。这些好心的人就是不明白。”由此可知用这个老年的例子说明他们对医学的无知。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“对动物研究的不满”，用该例子强调公众对医学的无知而不是对动物研究的不满，该选项属于曲解原文；C选项“对流行病漠不关心”，文中提到“当被问及传染病卷土重来时会发生什么时，她说：不要担心，科学家会找到使用计算机解决问题的方法。”可知这个老奶奶只是认为可以用计算机方法代替动物研究，而不是对流行病漠不关心，该选项属于过度推断；D选项“对动物权利的担忧”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。4. 【选项释义】The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _. 作者认为，面对来自动物权利倡导者的挑战，科学家应该_。A. communicate more with the public A. 多与公众沟通B. employ hi-tech means in research B. 运用高科技手段进行研究C. feel no shame for their cause C. 不要为他们的事业感到羞耻D. strive to develop new cures D. 努力开发新的治疗方法【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第四段“科学家必须以一种富有同情心、易于理解的方式向公众传达他们的信息用人性化的语言，而不是用分子生物学的语言。”以及倒数第二段“研究机构可以向游客开放，向他们展示实验室的动物得到了人道的照顾。”由此可推断，作者认为科学家应该多与公众沟通。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“运用高科技手段进行研究”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“不要为他们的事业感到羞耻”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“努力开发新的治疗方法”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。5. 【选项释义】From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _. 从课文中我们知道史蒂芬库珀是_。A. a well-known humanist A. 一个著名的人道主义者B. a medical practitioner B. 一个医疗从业人员C. an enthusiast in animal rights C. 一个动物权利的狂热者D. a supporter of animal research D. 一个动物研究的支持者【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“健康研究界不仅应该积极地招募史蒂芬库珀这样的知名人士（他曾勇敢地声明动物研究的价值）”由此可知史蒂芬库珀是动物研究的支持者。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“一个著名的人道主义者”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“一个医疗从业人员”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“一个动物权利的狂热者”，文中说到“健康研究界不仅应该积极地招募史蒂芬库珀这样的知名人士（他曾勇敢地声明动物研究的价值）”可知他是动物研究的支持者而不是动物权利的狂热者，该选项与原文意思相反，该选项属于反向干扰。4. 单选题In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”feeling important and worthwhile and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure” finding life enjoyableare not always the identical. Women often are told “You cant have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You chose a career, so you cant expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and childrenWhats all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two dimensions. One is mastery, which includes self-esteem, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other dimensions, and it is composed of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and remedy past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are critical. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women rated significantly higher in mastery than did women who were not employed.A womans well-being is enhanced when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of rolesmarriages, motherhood, and employmentwere the highest in well-being, despite warnings about stress and strain.1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.2. The authors attitude towards women having a career is _.3. One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, _.4. Which of the following can be identified as a source of “pleasure” for women?5. The most appropriate title for the passage would be _.问题1选项A.for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”B.for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”C.women cant have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same timeD.a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both indispensable to women问题2选项A.criticalB.positiveC.neutralD.realistic问题3选项A.it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strainB.she will be more successful in her careerC.her chances of getting promoted will be greaterD.her life will be richer and more meaningful问题4选项A.Family life.B.Regular employment.C.Multiple roles in society.D.Freedom from anxiety.问题5选项A.The well-being of Career WomenB.Sources of Mastery and PleasureC.Two Aspects of Womens Well-beingD.Multiple Roles of Women in Society【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _. 从第一段可以推断出_。A. for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure” A. 对女人来说，“掌控感”比“愉悦感”更重要B. for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery” B. 对女人来说，“愉悦感”比“掌控感”更重要C. women cant have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same time C. 女人不可能同时拥有“掌控感”和“愉悦感”D. a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both indispensable to women D. “掌控感”和“愉悦感”对女人来说都是不可或缺的【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph 1与题干信息可定位到第一段最后“但是，如果女性想要自我感觉良好，她们需要了解和发展幸福的两个方面（women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being）。”这两个方面指的就是掌控感和愉悦感，由此可推断这两者对女性都是不可或缺的。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“对女人来说，掌控感比愉悦感更重要”，原文意思是两者都很重要，并没有比较谁比谁更重要，该选项属于过度推断；B选项“对女人来说，愉悦感比掌控感更重要”，原文意思是两者都很重要，并没有比较谁比谁更重要，该选项属于过度推断；C选项“女人不可能同时拥有掌控感和愉悦感”，第一段提到“但是，如果女性想要自我感觉良好，她们需要了解和发展幸福的两个方面。”说明女性是可以拥有二者的，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰。2.【选项释义】The authors attitude towards women having a career is _. 作者对女性职业的态度是_。A. critical A. 批判的B. positive B. 积极的C. neutral C. 中立的D. realistic D. 现实的【答案】B【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第二段“但我们知道，掌控和愉悦都是至关重要的。掌控似乎很大程度上是通过工作获得的。在我们的研究中，所有被雇佣的女性比没有被雇佣的女性在掌控能力上的得分要高得多。”以及最后一段第一句“当一个女人承担多个角色时，她的幸福感会得到提升。”由此可推断作者对女性有一份工作的态度是积极的。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“批判的”，与作者态度相反，该选项属于反向干扰；C、D选项曲解原文，属于过度推断。3.【选项释义】One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, _. 我们可以从文章中得出结论，如果一个女人承担了几个社会角色，_。A. it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain A. 她会更容易克服压力和紧张B. she will be more successful in her career B. 她会在事业上更成功C. her chances of getting promoted will be greater C. 她升职的机会更大D. her life will be richer and more meaningful D. 她的生活会更丰富，更有意义【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“当一个女人承担多个角色时，她的幸福感会得到提升（A womans well-being is e