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代词及连接词的知识考查(2011湛江一模) In the international business there is always a great need for creative talents. On the other hand, creative people are also searching for areas 16._ they can put their talents to use. A talent to be noticed nowadays is much 17._(easy) than it used to be in the old times. In the early days, for example, if one wanted to be a singer, he or she had to have a great amount of talent in singing. That was the only way they could promote 18._ and be recognized. Now sources like the Internet help a great deal in promoting oneself. The Internet is like a global village. 19._(seat) in your home you are capable 20._ finding a lot of sources. People with 21._(vary) of talents can be recognized through the Internet. 22._， the Internet is 23._ opportunity to put forward ones talents, creativity, and powers in order to be noticed. Keeping in mind 24._ a talent unexposed is the talent unfound. Now we are lucky enough to show our 25._(hide) talents, without trying very hard and just by sitting at home. 【答案及解析】16. where考查定语从句的连接词，先行词是areas，在定语从句中作地点状语。17. easier考查形容词的比较级，后面的than是明显的提示。 【答案及解析】18. themselves考查代词的正确使用，他们能够提升“自己”。 19. Seated考查非谓语动词，过去分词作状语。 【答案及解析】20. of考查介词的使用，有能力做某事be capable of doing sth.。 21. varieties考查词形变化，“许多”varieties of，是固定表达。 【答案及解析】22. Thus / Therefore / So考查上下文逻辑关系，表结果的副词。 23. an考查冠词的使用，opportunity以元音开头，非特指。 【答案及解析】24. that考查宾语从句的连接词，完整的陈述句用that引导。 25. hidden考查非谓语动词，过去分词作定语，hidden talent潜在的能力。一、代词：代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。这里主要谈谈在高考中考查较多的几种代词。 1物主代词 (1)形容词性的物主代词：主要用来修饰名词，表示一种所属关系。在语法填空中要根据文章前后所提供的信息判断词语之间的关系。如果所给的语境需要表达一种所属关系，要根据情况使用对应的形容词性的物主代词。实例见证： 2008年广东高考语法填空第33题。 It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty(1960-1279) was very anxious to help _ rice crop grow up quickly. 答案及解释：his当年有不少考生都使用了定冠词the，虽然从语法角度上说，the没有错误，但是从语境来看，此处用his更符合，因为这个男人渴望让“他自己的”庄稼长得更快一些。用the的话指代就不够清楚了。(2)名词性的物主代词：名词性的物主代词多数会在句子中充当表语或者宾语。实例见证： I have already got Toms proposal. Where is _(you)?答案及解释：yours此处用yours来表示上一句话中提到的proposal(计划书)，同时表达了一个概念，“你的计划书”(不是其他人的)。thisthatthis (these)指时间或空间上较近的人或物_ is my desk and that is yours. (This)that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物In _ days they could not go to school. (those) this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用Let me tell you _： you will never succeed if you dont put your heart to it. (this)that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用He hurt his leg yesterday. _ is why he didnt come. (That)2指示代词(this, that, these, those)实例见证：2008年广东高考语法填空第34题。 He was thinking about _ day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. 答案及解释：this/ that/ it3反身代词实例见证：人教版必修1第一单元课文。She said，“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary _ to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty. ” Would you please speak louder so as to make _ heard by others. 答案及解释：itselfyourself4. 不定代词不定代词主要有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no等。还有由some, any, no和every构成的合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every, no只能作定语)。下面介绍几组主要的不定代词的用法与区别。(1)some和anysome一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。特殊情况：在向对方表示邀请或者期待对方作肯定的答复时，常常用some。实例见证：Would you like _ coffee？(邀请)Mum, could you give me _ money? (请求) Do you have _ questions to ask?答案及解释：somesomeany(2)few, little; a few, a littlefew和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few, a few 修饰可数名词；little, a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。(3)other和another, the others 和othersthe other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other + 复数可数名词” 表示“其余(他)的”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”。another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“(三个或三个以上的)另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。实例见证：He got two books; one is a textbook, the _ is a novel. Five of the pencils are red, the _ are yellow. Some are singing while _ are dancing.This coat is too dark. Please show me _.Please give me _ ten minutes. 答案及解释：otherothersothers another another 能力演练：1惠州市2010届高三第一次调研考试英语试题1.Jane Adams came from a well-to-do and cultured family. She was so distressed about the misery of poor people that she left _31_fine home to spend her life in the slums of Chicago.2Jane Adams had great influence on the development of social work in the US and in _37_ parts of the world.2惠州市2010届高三第二次调研考试1. Angels come in all shapes, sizes and costumes. And all of 39_ bring happiness and little miracles along,3 2010年佛山市普通高中高三教学质量检测（二） 39 is difficult to estimate(估计) the total value of what 40 (steal) as only the banks clients(储户) know the content of their private safes.4 广东省四会中学2010届高三第二次质量检测I looked for him on campus 38 （thank） him, but never saw 39 again.5 2010年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）The rings are far apart while the animal is young and growing quickly. _34_ get closer as growth slows.8 茂名市2010年第一次模拟考试I told him that it was 37 , as long as he agreed to do something kind for someone else 38 return. I am pretty sure that 39 made his day, and kept him warm through the evening.9 茂名市2010年第二次模拟考试She asked me, “Do you want to know 34 reason for living?”10 广东省三校2010届高三上学期期末联考Men can do nothing without its permission, and it 39 (fast) its young around peoples wrists so that everywhere men go 40 are still under control.12 广东省湛江二中2010届高三第四次月考The British people either dont care or are kept in the dark regarding 31 countrys colonization overseas.13 广东省执信中学2010届高三上学期期中考试英语试题If you failed the exams, maybe youd be more successful and much happier in _40_ field.14 广东省六所名校2010届高三第三次联考More importantly, other employees may find courage in _39_to do the same, and perhaps if enough of them walk out, the boss will find _40_ way to celebrate the holiday.17 2010年广州市高三英语调研测试This man might have needed the umbrella for 38 later during the day but preferred to give it to me.27 广东省增城中学2010届高三第四次综合测试英语试题As we cant, we 33_(force) to find out ways and means to satisfy 34_ needs.28 广东省增城市2010届高三综合测试（英语）Nobel became an 31 (invent）and businessman, and at the time of his death on December 10, 1896, he had 355 patents worldwide 32 of them was the patent on dynamite(炸药).According to 33 will, Alfred Nobels enormous fortune was to be used 34 (establish)29 广东省四会中学2010届高三第一次质量检测（英语）I told her the best way 32. _ make friends was to introduce 33. _ when she met someone new. 30 广东省实验中学2010届高三第一次测试I have 32 neighbors, but the neighbors I have are very nice, even though 33 dont see each other very often. 31 广东省实验中学2010届高三第二次月考He hopes that 40 idea of filling “homeness” into nursing homes and inviting the community in will help to “break conventional practice in long term care.”33 广东省汕头市新世界中英文学校2010届高三第一次月考For example, if a patient called Ann says that _32_ her parents are dead, the computer will say: “Im sorry to hear that, Ann.”从句连接词的知识考查Few people would even think of beginning a new job at the age of 76, 16._ one of Americas most famous artists did just that. Anna Mary Robertson, better known as “Grandma Moses”， turned to painting 17._ she was too old to work on her farm. Grandma Moses was crazy about painting soon after she picked it up and worked hard at it. She painted 18._(care) and her works were nice. She first painted only to please 19._， and then began to sell her works 20._ a little money. In 1993, a collector, Louis Caldor happened to see several of Grandma Moses works 21._(hang) in a shop. He liked them, 22._(buy) them at once, and set out to look for 23._. Caldor held 24._ show to introduce the works of Grandma Moses to other artists. Grandma Moses, 25._ was worldfamous, died on December 13, 1961, at the age of 101. 【答案及解析】16. but考查连词的使用， 前后是转折关系。17. because/when考查状语从句的连接词， 后面接的从句是她转行开始画画的原因。从句也可视作时间状语从句，填when。18. carefully考查词形变换，修饰谓语动词painted，作状语，用副词。【答案及解析】19. herself考查代词的使用， 由后文“开始卖作品给别人”可知，她先只是自己画给自己看，取悦于自己。20. for考查介词的使用，表示交换用for, sell sth. for 意为“以多少钱卖某物”。【答案及解析】21. hanging考查非谓语动词，现在分词作定语，修饰名词works，因works与hang(悬挂)是主动关系。22. bought考查谓语动词，与liked和set out并列，一起作谓语，时态也应一致。【答案及解析】23. more考查代词的使用， 因他喜欢她的画，所以他开始寻找“更多”Grandma Moses 的作品。24. a考查冠词的使用，为了把Grandma Moses 的作品介绍给别的艺术家，所以他“举行了一次展览”。【答案及解析】25. who考查定语从句的连接词，引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是Grandma Moses。 从句的分类：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句表1: 名词性从句引导名词性从句的连词：what, whatever, how, when, where, why, who, whoever, that, whether, if主语从句_ he said is true. (What, 主语) It is quite often _ he comes to school late. (that, 不充当成分)_ he killed his classmates is still unknown. (Why, 原因状语)_ you come or not does not matter. (Whether, 不充当成分)宾语从句I cant understand _ he said. (what, 宾语)Can you tell _ he will come? (whether/if, 宾语)Do you know _ he will come? (when, 时间状语)表语从句Go and get your coat! It is _ you left it. (where, 地点状语)That is _ he went away! (why, 原因状语)同位语从句The news _ they won the game cheered everybody. (that, 不作成分)I have no idea _ they went last night. (where, 地点状语)表2: 定语从句定语从句的连词关系代词：that, which, as, who, whom, whose 关系副词：when, where, why 续表限制性定语从句Do you know the man _ is talking to Peter? (who, 主语)This is the book _ I bought last week. (that / which/不填， 宾语) Can you see the house _ windows are red? (whose, 定语)This is the same watch _ I gave Marry. (as, 宾语)John is such a clever student _ is loved by students and teachers alike. (as, 主语)续表非限制性定语从句形式：一般放在逗号后面，可以替代前面整个句子，在句子中作主语或宾语。He failed in the exam, _ made his parents so disappointed. (which, 主语)_ we all know, the earth travels around the sun. (As, 宾语) _ is often the case, girls seem to have a gift for learning a foreign language. (As, 主语)续表非限制性定语从句定语从句的一些特殊用法：关系词只能用that的情况1. 当先行词被the very, the only修饰：This is the only pen _ is sold in the shop. (that, 主语) 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰：This is the first school in China _ carries out this project. (that, 主语)续表非限制性定语从句3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰：To tell you the truth, this is the best movie _ I have ever seen in my life. (that, 宾语)4. 当先行词既指代人也指代物时：The book and its author _ you mentioned just now sounds quite strange to me. (that, 宾语)e sun. (As, 宾语) _ is often the case, girls seem to have a gift for learning a foreign language. (As, 主语)表3: 状语从句状语从句的连词：because, since, as, when, whenever, where, wherever, why, how, however, whatever, although, though, if, as soon as, the moment, as long as, unless, sothat时间状语从句_ I came to school, I found Sam was reading a book. (When)地点状语从句He will only stay _ there is supermarket nearby. (where)续表原因状语从句Pete didnt pass the exam _ he was not hardworking enough. (because)让步状语从句_ he is very clever, he never looks down upon others. (Although)条件状语从句_ you try your best, success will not be far away. (As long as) 结果状语从句John is so lazy _ he fails in the exam again. (that)【答案及解析】16. why考查了连接词中的宾语从句。该句意为：“历史上，它以工业著称，这就解释了为什么叫黑区”。【答案及解析】17. when考查了连接词中的非限制性定语从句。先行词为“the industrial revolution”，在工业革命时期，当当地的天空遭到污染，土壤由于煤矿的开发而变黑时，这个地方就叫做“黑区”了。此处易误填 for 等表示原因的词。需仔细分析句子结构。 【答案及解析】18. probably考查了词形变化的“形容词变副词”。probable probably。如果括号中为形容词， 一般有两种思路，第一是变副词，一般通过词尾加ly; 第二种是变比较级或最高级。 【答案及解析】19. dating固定搭配 date back，考查了非谓语动词中的“动名词作后置定语”，或者“定语从句的省略”。实际上，这是一个定语从句，原型为“it has a history which dates back”。 【答案及解析】20. since考查连接词的时间状语从句。本题的最大提示是前半句的现在完成时。现在完成时since过去的时间点。 21. but考查连接词的转折词。根据“friendly”和“difficult to understand”的对比可知。 【答案及解析】22. a冠词，泛指一个来访的朋友(a visiting friend)。 23. Before考查连接词中的时间状语从句。在服务员描述菜单前，我朋友看着我并皱着眉。 【答案及解析】24. raisedwith 复合结构作伴随状语，过去分词 raised 表被动。 25. was speaking/ had spoken/spoke考查了时态和语态。语态确定是主动，时态确定为过去时。 能力演练：1惠州市2010届高三第一次调研考试英语试题In 1931, Jane Adams was awarded the Nobel Prize for _40_ she had done for society.2惠州市2010届高三第二次调研考试Hes the person in the red suit 33_ rides the back of the Santa Train from Shelbina, Kentucky, 34_ Kingsport, Tennessee.3 2010年佛山市普通高中高三教学质量检测（二）They entered through the basements of the neighboring building, digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80 cm thick to get into the bank, 36 was having building works at the time. 4 广东省四会中学2010届高三第二次质量检测1. 36 is wrong will pass. Youre going to be OK. Just hang on. 2. That was thirty years ago. I have never forgotten that moment, 40 taught me to give hope to others wherever I see them in distress（在痛苦中，在困境中）.5 2010年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）1. _36_ was this German dinosaur so much smaller than other giant dinosaurs, which grew up to 45 metres long and weighed as much as a thousand humans? 2. It is one of the few places in the world _40_ the bones and footprints of dinosaurs have been found together.6 2010年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）European officials hope to avoid the economic disasters 39 could become even worse if Greece fails 40 ( pay) its debt .8 茂名市2010年第一次模拟考试I honestly dont recall 32 the sign read, but I did know that it was getting very cold outside.9 茂名市2010年第二次模拟考试1.she continued. “People 36 are confined to a room or a house or a bed are not shut in.2.There are no limitations in 40 you can do except the limitations of your own mind.”10 广东省三校2010届高三上学期期末联考1.Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, 35 I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques.2. I sometimes wonder 36 a being from another planet report back about our way of life.13 广东省执信中学2010届高三上学期期中考试英语试题1. Suddenly, a man went inside the cab and took her handbag _32_ she placed her visa, passport,2. There are times when nothing seems to go our way. So _38_ do we do about it?17 2010年广州市高三英语调研测试1. I stood there 34 (astonish), barely believing that the man, 35 existence was unknown to me only moments ago,2. It was a lesson to me 39 its possible to give without expecting anything 40 return.22 广东省湛师附中2010届高三第二次月考39 the lazy pig reached the finish line in 12th place the race was over and he was awarded the final place on the calendar. From that day the cat, 40 never finished and lost his place on the calendar, became the enemy of the rat. 29 广东省四会中学2010届高三第一次质量检测A month ago my oldest daughter, Rachel, asked me 31. _ to make friends .1. 广东省实验中学2010届高三第一次测试1. I had got so nervous recently 34 I had to summon (鼓起) up enough courage to unlock the front door and go outside.2. I looked up, and there, outside the window, was the little girl from down the lane 39 mother had sent her down to see if I was all right,32 广东省汕尾市梅陇中学2010届高三年级摸底考试What is the color of the universe? Astronomers had not answered this question 31 several years agothat is 32 two American astronomers reported on their study of all the light in the universe.Their study attempted to show 38 people might see if they could observe the universe from far away.33 广东省汕头市新世界中英文学校2010届高三第一次月考That is _40_ people will always want us.”语法填空讲练第1篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。词数：166完成时间：8分钟难度：*According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also expressed their great concern about it. Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of adolescents. Nowadays, school violence is 31 hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, 32 calls for our great concern. We should try every effort 33 (prevent) violence happening at school for more and more students would drop out of school 34 their personal safety could not 35 (guarantee). In fact, violence can 36 (learn). Children learn violent behavior from adults or from 37 they see on television or on the Internet. If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence 38 violence, for it will result in 39 (much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys. All in all, every student should behave 40 (he) and keep away from violence.答案： 文章向我们介绍了作者对校园暴力的看法。31a 这里需要一个不定冠词表示某个的意思。32这里要用which 引导一个非限制性定语从句，因为先行词为物，所以要用which。33to prevent 不定式作目的状语。34ifas long as 人身安全得不到保障是辍学的条件，所以应该用引导连接条件状语从句的连词。35be guaranteed 所给动词和其逻辑主语是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。36be learned 事实上；暴力是可以学的。37what 引导一个宾语从句，并且在从句中作宾语，所以要用what。38with 表示方式，意思是“用”。39more 由语境可知，以暴力对付暴力，只能产生更多的暴力。40himself behave oneself表现良好，行为良好。语法填空讲练第2篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。词数：162完成时间：8分钟难度：*In the 1950s, a family that owned a farm near Beulah, Michigan kept a bull chained to an elm (榆树). The bull paced 31 the tree, dragging the heavy iron chain, which led to a groove (槽) in the bark (树皮). The groove 32 (deep) over the years. Though for whatever reason, it did not kill the tree. 33 some years, the family took their bull away. They cut the chain, leaving the loop around the tree and one link 34 (hang down). Then one year, agricultural catastrophe struck Michigan in 35 form of Dutch elm disease. All of the elms lining the road leading to the farm became infected 36 died. Everyone thought that the old elm would be the next. The farm owners considered 37 (go) the safe thing: pulling it out and chopping it up into firewood before it died. 38 (amazing), the tree did not die. Nobody could understand 39 it was the only elm still standing in the county. It s said that 40 doesn t kill you will make you stronger. Or, as a plant pathologists (病理学家 ) put it , Life breaks us all, but afterwards, many of us are strongest at the broken places.答案： 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过叙述一棵老榆树大难不死的故事告诉我们这样一个道理：经历疼痛才能变得坚强，才能抵挡住更大的困难甚至是灾难。31around 下文告诉我们，树皮被铁链磨出了一个槽。由此可以看出，这是由牛绕着树来回踱步造成的。32was deepened 随着岁月的流逝，磨出来的槽逐渐被加深了。所以要用被动，另外，由于动作发生在过去，所以动词要用过去式。33After after+时间段，表示经过一段时间之后。34hanging down hang down和其逻辑主语one link是主谓关系，所以用现在分词表示主动，构成leave+宾语+现在分词。35the in the form of固定用法，意思是：以的形式。36and 榆树受到感染，继而死去。37going consider后跟动名词作宾语。38 Amazingly 副词作状语，修饰整个句子。39why 谁都不理解为什么只有这棵榆树依然耸立在那里。40what 引导一个主语从句，并在从句中作主语，所以用what。语法填空讲练 第3篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。词数：213完成时间：8分钟难度：*I was going to the store one cold evening and as I was approaching the store there 31 a man in the front of the store. He looked at me and said really loud Hi. I replied, Hi, how are you? He said I am fine. and then he looked at me as if he recognized me and asked, 32 is your mother? Of course, I didnt know what to say to that question 33 my mother had been 34 (die) for several years. I found this really strange so I finally said, She is fine, thank you and how are you? He also said he was fine. I then answered, Good. Can I do 35 to help you at all? All he said 36 I really could use a hug. I 37 (hug) him for a while this poor soul and a stranger. I said, Where are you staying? Do you 38 a ride? He said, No, I have my bike. I am living at the Church down the street. I answered, Let me give you something. Its not much, but that is all I 39 afford. So I took out $10 from my purse and gave it to him then went home. To tell you the truth, I always feel helping others 40 really great.答案：31Was此处是there be句型，时态为过去式，另外句子主语为单数形式。32How根据下文的内容，这里是问“你妈妈好吗?”。33because从此处的逻辑关系和意义看，从句部分表示原因。34dead此处用die的形容词形式，用作表语。35anything该词用在疑问和否定句中
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