中考英语重点用法总结.doc

中考英语重点用法总结 1. 提建议的句子： What/ how about +doing sth. ? 如：What/ How about going shopping ? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 2. first of all 首先 . to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随 3. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末 4. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生 see sb. / sth. do 看见某人做了或经常做某事 如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。 5. too many许多修饰可数名词如：too many girls too much许多修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk much too太修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful 6. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 否定形式： didnt use to do sth. used not to do sth. 如：He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。 Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didnt. He didnt use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。 7. 反意疑问句 肯定陈述句否定提问如：Lily is a student, isnt she? Lily will go to China, wont she? 否定陈述句肯定提问 如： She doesnt come from China, does she? You havent finished homework, have you? 提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isnt she? 陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如：He knows little English, does he?他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？ They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？ 8. be interested in sth. 对感兴趣 take an interest in be interested in doing sth. 对做感兴趣 如：He is interested in math, but he isnt interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。 9. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物 10. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内常与完成时连用如： I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。 11. how to swim 怎样游泳 不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如： The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 I dont know where to go. 我不知道去哪。 I dont know what to do next. 我不知道下一步做什么。 12. make sb./ sth. + 形容词make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh 13. it seems that +从句 It seems + adj It seem + to be 看起来好像如：It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。 14. 看起来好像sb. seem to do sth. He seems to feel very sad. it seems that +从句It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。如：They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired. 15. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事 help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事 help sb out 帮某人摆脱困难 help do sth 帮助做某事 help with sth. 如：They help with this problem. She helped me with English.她帮助我学英语。 She helped me (to) study English。她帮助我学习英语。 They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松 16. fifteen-year-old 作形容词15岁的 fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人 fifteen years old 指年龄15岁如： a fifteen-year-old boy一个15岁的男孩 Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。 I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。 17不再 no more = no longer 如： I play tennis no more/ longer. 我不再打网球。 not any more = not any longer 18.语态：英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。 Fish is eaten by cats.(被动语态) 鱼被猫吃。 被动语态的构成由“助动词be 及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am are +过去分词 is English is spoken in many countries. 一般过去时was +过去分词 were + 过去分词This bridge was built in 1989. 情态动词can/should may +be+过去分词 must/The work must be done right now. 被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 19. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如： Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。 Sb. allow doing sth. 某人允许做某事 20. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞 让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词) have sth. done 如：I get my car repaired. = I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车 21. enough 足够形容词enough 如：beautiful enough足够漂亮 enough名词如：enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。 22.倒装句: So助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词主语 意为：也是一样 So +主语+be/助动词/ 情态动词 是呀,表示赞同别人的观点（陈述语序） Neither + be /助动词/ 情态动词+主语 也不一样（用于否定句） eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I. Its a fine day. So it is. She doesnt like eggs. Neither do I. She is a student. So am I.她是一个学生，我也是。 She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是 She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。 She will go to school. So will he.她将去学校，他也是。 23. take the test 参加考试 pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失败 24. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事 如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing. 25. at least 最少 at most 最多 26. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) The book cost (me) 100yuan. sb. spend on sth. She spent 10days on this book. sb. spend doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book. sb. pay for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book. 27. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off 28. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen. 29. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei. 30. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如： Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。 31. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. 32. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句-即 虚拟语气 通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。 If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：句 型条件从句主 句谓语动词形式动词过去式(be动词用were)would+动词原形 即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), 一般过去时 (主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将来时 如：If I had time, I would go for a walk. 如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你) I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员) 33. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义 如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。 34. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several 一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树 35. what if + 从句 如果怎么办 ， 要是 又怎么样 如： What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？ What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？ 36. ask sb. to do 叫做某事 ask sb. not to do sth.叫不要做某事 tell sb. to do 告诉做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉不要做某事如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. 37. 宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。 由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语构成 常由下面的一些词引导： 由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略 He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。 由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等) I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。 由 连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义 Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？ 从句时态要与主句一致 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。 I dont know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。 She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。 Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时, 过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时) He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。 I didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。 She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。 Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ 38.现在完成时态 由have/ has 过去分词 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用 Have you finished your work yet？你完成了你的工作了吗？ Yes, I have. I have just finished it.是的。我刚刚完成了。 I have already finished it .我已经完成了。 Have you ever been to China?你曾经去过中国吗？ No, I have never been there.没有，我从来也没有去过。 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状态连用如：（for + 时间段，since + 时间点，或过去某一动作， 以及how long ）注： 非延续性动词在现在完成时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。应转为相应的延续性动词 如： buy- have die- be dead join - be in borrow- keep leave- be away I have bought a pen.- I have had a pen for 2 weeks. The dog has died.- The dog has been dead since last week. have (has) been to + 地点 去过某地 已经回来 have (has) gone to + 地点 去了某地 没有回来 have been in + 地点 一直呆在某地 没有离开过 如： She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来) She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来) She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海) 39.情态动词must, may , might, could, may , cant表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们 含义有所不同 must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性) may, might, could有可能，也许 (20%80%的可能性) cant 不可能，不会 (可能性几乎为零) The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it. The CD might/could/may belong to Tony because he likes listening to pop music. The hair band cant be Bobs. After all, he is boy! 40. When（当的时候）, if （如果）, as soon as（一就）, until（直到才）, unless（除非/如果不）这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时,主句要用一般将来时. 从句一般现在时 eg. I will call you when he comes. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic. As soon as I get to Beijing, Ill come to see you. He wont go to bed until his parents come back. Unless you work hard, you wont catch up If you dont hurry up, youll be late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到 41. because of , because because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语 because +从句如：I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。 42. neighbor 邻居指人 neighborhood 邻居指地区也可指附近地区的人 43. look for 寻找指过程 find 找指结果如：I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。（指找的过程）I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。（指找的结果） 44. hear 听指听的结果 listen 听 指听的过程如：Did you hear ? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果，听或没听到）I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。（指听的过程） 45. 名词所有格名词所有格的构成有两种形式是在名词后面加 s 或是以s结尾 的名词，只在名词的后面加 如：Anns book安的书, our teachers office我们老师们的办公室 注：双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加s,如：Lily and Lucys father 莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸爸是同一个人）有of 介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格如： a picture of my family 我家人的相片有时也有s表示无生命的东西的所有格如：todays newspaper,the citys name 46. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿 prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。 prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。 prefer sth to sth. 同相比更喜欢 I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。 prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。 47. be important to sb. 对重要 be important for sb. to do. 做某事对某人很重要 48. energy n. 活力 energetic adj. 有活力的 49. dislike 不喜欢 反义词 like 喜欢 50. fisherman 渔夫 复数形式 fishermen 51. photography n. 摄影 photograph n. 照片 相片 photographer n. 摄影师 52. tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的 bored 讨厌 boring 令人厌烦/讨厌的 excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋/激动的 amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的 53. education n. 教育 educational 有教育意义的 54.常用的句型有： What would you like to do? 你想要做什么？ I would like to 。我想去。 What would you like ? 你想要什么？ I would like 。. 我想来些。 Would you like to go to my party? 你来不来参加我的晚会？(表邀请) Yes, Id love/ like to . No, thanks. Would you like someA or B? 你是要点.还是.？ Yes, Id love/ like. No. thanks. Where would you like to visit/ go? 你想去哪呢？ 55. go on vacation 去度假 go on a trip 去旅行 go on a picnic 去野炊 56. hope to do 希望做某事 I hope to go to Beijing. 我希望去北京。 hope (that) + 从句 希望. I hope that I can go to Beijing.我希望我能去北京。 I hope (that) she can pass the test.我希望她能通过考试。 57. provide sb. with sth 供应某人某物= provide sth for sb. 如：They provide us with water. They provide water for us. 58. how far 问路程多远 how old 问年龄多少岁 how long 问时间多久多长 how often 问频率多久一次 59. 用to 表示“的”有： answers to question 问题的答案 the key to the door 这扇门的钥匙 60. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩 home n. 家 61. hand out 分发 hand out bananas give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分.给某人 give up doing 放弃 give up smoking 放弃吸烟 give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to . give away money to kids give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱 give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线 62. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语 ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ，不能作定语 63. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献 Volunteer time to do sth volunteer n. 志愿者 64. come up with 提出 想出 = think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上 65. put off doing 推迟做某事 put on 穿上 (指过程) put up 张贴 66. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用 every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用 67. put to use 把 投入使用，利用 They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用 68. plan to do 计划做某事=decide to do sth plan + 从句 I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。 69. spend doing 花费做 I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。 spend on sth. 花费在 I spent 3 years on English. 70.not only but (also) 不但 而且 用来连接两个并列的成分 (1)引导以 not only but (also) 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如： Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。 Not onlybut (also) 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如： Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。 Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。 71.常见的就近原则的结构有： Neither nor即不也不 (两者都不) Neither you nor he likes him. 我和你都不喜欢他。 Either or 不是就是 (两者中的一个) Either Lily or you are a student. Not only but (also) There be +名称 72. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党 take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如： take part in sports meeting 参加运动会 73. run out of = use up 用完 用尽 I have run out of money.= I have used up money. 我已经用完了钱。 run away 逃跑 The monkey has run away from the zoo. 这只猴子已经从动物园里逃跑了。 run to + 地方 跑到某地 74. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 be similar to 与.相像 take after 相像 75. look after 照顾 take care of 照顾 76. at once = right away 立刻 马上 如： Do it at once. 马上去做。 Ill go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。 77. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如： One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。 Some day Ill go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。 78. specially adv. 特意地 专门地 特别地 special adj. 特别的 79. donation n. 捐赠物 donate v. 捐赠 赠送 80. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词 81. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面 如：quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面 如：a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩 注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如： I am very happy.= I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。 82. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快 pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快 please v. 使高兴 使同意 83. 过去完成时 (1) 构成：由助动词had + 过去分词 构成 否定式：had not + 过去分词 缩写形式：hadnt (2) 用法 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 (3) 它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示 也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示 还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。 When I got there, you had already eaten you meal. 当我到达那里时，你已经开始吃了。 By the time he got here, the bus had left. 到他到达这里时，汽车已经离开了 84. so that 如此以致于引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词、副词. so that作“为了”时，引导目的状语从句，从句常出现情态动词， 作结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用情态动词 。如：She got up early so that she could catch the bus. 为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句) She was so sad that she couldnt say a word. 她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。(结果状语从句) 85. thrill v . 使人非常激动，使人非常紧张 thrilled adj. 指某人感到激动或感到紧张 thrilling adj. 指某事物使人心情激动 86. 日常交际用语： 问路常用的句子： Do you know where is ? Can you tell me how can I get to ? Could you tell me how to get to ？ Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情 Could you tell me how to get to the park? 87.请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？中的how to get to the park 是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句，相当于how I can get to the park（宾语从句）如： I dont know how to solve the problem. = I dont know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题 Can you tell me when to leave? = Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开？ 88. decide to do 决定做 She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。 decide v. decision n. make a decision 做个决定 89. expensive 贵的=dear 反义词 inexpensive 不贵的 90. crowded 拥挤的 反义词 uncrowded 不拥挤的 91. take a vacation = go on a vacation 去度假 92. dress up 打扮 dress up as 打扮成. 如：He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas. 他想要打扮成圣诞老人。 93. 同级比较：asas ， not as/soas as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as 表示“和一样的”“和一样的” 如：He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。 否定式：not as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as = not so + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as He doesnt work as / so hard as we. 他工作没有我们那样努力。 94. get/be used to sth. 习惯于 get/be used to doing 习惯于 be used to do 被用于做 be used for doing 被用于做 used to do 过去常常做 be used as. 作为。来用如： I wash clothes everyday. But Im used to it. 我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了 I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。 The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。 The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。 She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。 95. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。 I find it difficult to remember everything. 形式宾语 真正宾语常见的形式宾语有： find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如：I think it hard to study English 96. keep keep on 继续做某事 carry on go on doing sth.=continue doing sth 97. tooto do sth. 太而不能 so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此以致 such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(从句) 如此以致 (not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够 eg. The boy is too young to go to school. The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school. The boy is not old enough to go to school. 98. neithernor 既不也不（两者都不） eitheror要么要么/或者或者/不是就是 not onlybut also 不但而且以上三个词连接主语时,要用就近原则 eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA. Either he or you go to the park. Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher. neither of 两者都不 99. either of 两者选一 none of 没有一个 each of 众多者中的每一个以上四个做主语时，谓语动词用单数 100. All of 全部 Both of 两者都以上二个做主语时，谓语动词用复数 101. make+ sb. + n. 使某人成为 make + sb. + adj. 使某人 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事 eg. We made Peter our monitor. Books make us happy. He often makes me laugh. The workers were made to work 12 hours a day. 102. Its It was + some time +since+一般过去时 It has been 自从以来有多久了 eg. It has been two years since we met last time. 103. What do you mean by? What does . mean? 是什么意思? what is the meaning of.? eg. What do you mean by “computer”?=What does “computer”mean?=what is the meaning of computer? 104. What do you think of How do you like ? 你认为怎么样? eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film? 105. enjoy Like 喜欢做某事 love doing sth. 106. feel like doing sth. want to do sth 想要做某事 would like to do sth 107. give up doing sth. 放弃作某事 Stop doing sth 108. be good at do well in doing sth. 擅长作某事 109. pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事 look forward to doing. 盼望做某事 110. what about how about doing sth. .怎么样(好吗)? 111. keep Stop sb . from doing sth. prevent 阻止某人作某事 112. had batter (not) Why not Would do sth. Could you please (not) Will