初三英语上册(外研版)Module10Australia知识点总结.docx

初三英语上册（外研版）Module 10 Australia知识点总结一、重点词汇 here we go 原文再现 Here we go. 我们这就试试。基本用法 Here we go. 意为“我们这就试试；我们开始吧；走吧”。如： The first day of school. Here we go. 第一天去上学。我们走吧。 central 原文再现 This is a rock called Ayers Rock, in central Australia. 这块岩石叫艾尔斯岩，位于澳大利亚中部。基本用法 central adj. 中心的；在中间的。如： She stays in a small hotel near central park.她住在中央公园附近的一家小旅馆。知识拓展-相关单词center n. 中心；集中点。如：We decided to go to the town center in the afternoon. 我们决定下午去市中心。 according to 原文再现 According to the local people, its a special and magical place. 当地人认为这是一个特殊而神奇的地方。基本用法 according to 意为“按照，依据所说，视而定”，其后接名词或代词宾格，但不接第一人称的宾格。如： Everything went according to plan. 一切都按照计划进行。According to the Bible, Adam was the first man. 据圣经记载，亚当是人类始祖。 magical 原文再现 According to the local people, its a special and magical place. 当地人认为这是一个特殊而神奇的地方。基本用法 magical adj. 神奇的；迷人的。如： Its a magical story. 这是个神奇的故事。知识拓展-相关单词 1. magic n. 魔法；魔术；魔力。如： Some people still believe in magic. 有些人仍然相信魔法。2. magic adj. 有魔力的；魔术的；奇妙的。如：The children thought that witches had magic power. 女巫被认为拥有魔力。 height 原文再现 Whats its height? 高度多少？基本用法 height n. 高度。如： He is a medium height. 他中等身材。知识拓展-相关单词 1.high adj. 高的。如： It is dangerous to sit the child in such a high chair. 让小孩坐在这么高的椅子上很危险。 2. high adv. 高。如：The plane flew high above. 飞机高高地在上空飞行。 northeast 原文再现 Does it lie off the northeast cost of Australia? 它是坐落在澳大利亚的东北海岸吗？基本用法 1. northeast adj. 在东北的。如： The park lies off the northeast of the town. 这个公园位于这个小镇的东部。2. northeast n. 东北。如：All this point the road turns northeast. 路在这里转向东北。3. northeast adv. 向东北；来自东北。如：They voyaged northeast for several days. 他们向东北航行了几天。知识拓展-相关单词 1. southeast (1). n. 东南；东南地区。如： Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 台湾在中国的东南部。(2). adj. 东南的；向东南的；来自东南的。如：Kowloon is a city of southeast China. 九龙是中国东南一城市。(3). adv. 往东南；来自东南；在东南。如：From Jinggangshan we drove southeast to Ruijin. 从井冈山，我们往东南直取瑞金。2. northwest(1). n. 西北；西北方。如：There is a large hilly area in the northwest. 西北部有一大片丘陵地带。(2). adj. 西北的；在西北的；来自西北的。如：The park is northwest from the city. 公园在该市的西北。(3). adv. 向西北。如：The tourists drove northwest. 游客们开车向西北而去。3. southwest(1). n. 西南；西南风；西南地区。如：Wales is in the southwest of the British Island. 威尔士在大不列颠岛的西南部。(2). adj. 西南的；来自西南方的。如：Tainan is situated in the southwest part of Taiwan. 台南谓语台湾的西南方。(3). adv. 往西南；来自西南。如：We drove southwest after looking at the map. 看过地图后我们开车向西南方向行驶。 keep sb/sth away 原文再现 They wear special hats that keep the flies away. 他们戴着避开苍蝇的特殊的帽子。基本用法 keep sb/ sth away 意为：使远离，使不靠近 如果想表示：使远离某物，可以用：keep away from sth。 Please keep the children away from fire. It could be dangerous.请让孩子们远离火，会很危险。 scissors 原文再现 The scissors that theyre holding are used to cut the wool off the sheep. 他们握在手中的剪刀是用来给绵羊剪毛的。基本用法 scissors n. 剪刀，a pair of scissors 意为“一把剪刀”。如： Scissors can be used to cut thing. 剪刀可以用来剪东西。知识拓展-同类词 shoes, trousers, glasses, shorts, gloves, socks等都是通常以复数形式出现的单词。 hate 原文再现 I hated the ants that were all over the place. 我讨厌遍地都是蚂蚁。基本用法 hate v. 憎恨；讨厌。（过去式：hated 过去分词：hated 现在分词：hating 第三人称单数：hates） 用法如下： 1. hate + 名词/代词I hate that color.我讨厌那个颜色。2. hate doing sth，意为：讨厌做某事The boys hate doing homework on Sundays. 男孩们讨厌在星期日做家庭作业。3. hate to do sth， 意为：讨厌做某事I hate to have my boss standing over me. 我不喜欢上司监督我。知识拓展-反义词 like v. 喜欢；喜爱。用法如下： 1. like+ 名词/代词 She likes pink. 她喜欢粉红色。2. like doing sth 意为：喜欢做某事 Jenny likes collecting stamps. 詹妮喜欢收集邮票。 3. like to do sth 意为：喜欢做某事 He likes to watch TV in the evening at home. 晚上他喜欢在家看电视。 brush 原文再现 I had to brush them off my clothes, especially my trousers! 我不得不将它们从我的衣服上刷掉，尤其是我的裤子。基本用法 1. brush v. （用刷子）刷 （过去式：brushed 过去分词：brushed 现在分词： brushing 第三人称单数：brushes） brush sth. off sth.意为“把某物从某物上刷掉”。如： We should brush our teeth at least twice a day. 我们每天应该至少刷两次牙。Youd better brush them off your dress at once. 你应该马上将它们从你的裙子上刷掉。2. brush n. 刷子。如：He painted the wall with a brush. 他用刷子涂强。 period 原文再现 During different periods of the day, the colours of the rock turn dark blue, purple, yellow and red. 在一天当中不同的时段，岩石的颜色变成深蓝、紫色、黄色和红色。基本用法 period n. 时期；（一段）时间；学时。如： She spent a period of time working with people dying of cancer. 她有一段时间曾帮助垂危的癌症患者。 spirit 原文再现 and their ancient stories describe the spirits that created the world. 古老的土著故事描述了创造世界的神灵。基本用法 spirit n. 精灵；神灵；精神。如： team spirit 团队精神，合作精神 They always lose because they have no team spirit. 他们总是输，因为他们没有团结精神。 He is endued with a spirit of public service. 他富有为公众服务的精神。 relationship 原文再现 The Australians have a close relationship with the British. 澳大利亚人和英国人有着很亲密的关系。基本用法 relationship n. 关系。如： We have a working relationship. 我们是工作上的关系。知识拓展-相关短语 keep good relationship with 与保持良好的关系。如： Part of my job is to keep good relationship with our suppliers. 我的部分工作是同我们的供应商保持良好的关系。 relative 原文再现 Many have British relatives, and they are like us in many ways. 许多人有英国亲戚，他们在很多方面很像我们。基本用法1. relative n. 亲戚，其复数形式为relatives。如：They look like each other, because they are relatives. 他们看起来有些相像，因为他们是亲戚。2. relative adj. 相对的；比较的；相关的。如：They are now living in relative comfort. 他们现在过着比较安逸的生活。 surf 原文再现 they also love going to the beach for swimming and surfing or just lying in the sun. 他们也喜欢去海滩游泳、冲浪或者仅仅躺在阳光下。基本用法 surf v. 冲浪（过去式：surfed 过去分词：surfed 现在分词：surfing 第三人称单数：surfs） surf the Internet 意为“网上冲浪”。如： If the waves are big enough, well go surfing. 如果浪够大的话，我们就去冲浪。She spends hours every day just surfing the Internet. 她每天花几个小时上网浏览信息。 lazy 原文再现 The horse that I rode was lazy 我骑的马很懒惰基本用法 lazy adj. 懒惰的；懒散的。如： He is too lazy to wash his socks. 他太懒了连袜子都不想洗。 riding 原文再现 On the second day, we went horse riding 第二天，我们去骑马基本用法 riding n. 骑马（运动），go horse riding 意为：去骑马，如： We often go horse riding in summer.我们夏天经常去骑马。知识拓展-相关单词 1. ride n. 交通工具；骑；乘车；搭便车，give sb. a ride让某人搭便车。如： I want to have a ride of that bike. 我想骑一骑那辆自行车。2. ride v. 骑；乘。如：I can ride a bicycle, and I can drive a car, but I can not ride a horse. 我会骑自行车，而且我会开汽车，但我不会骑马。出题建议 题型选择：单选，同时在关键词中输入：riding。二、重点句型 I have some photos that I took in Australia last year. 我有一些去年在澳大利亚拍的照片。 基本用法 that I took in Australia last year 为定语从句，修饰photos， that 为引导词。 That引导词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人也可以指物，指人时相当于who，指物时 相当于which。如：Do you know the girl that/who has got an “A”in the exam? 你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗？She got a computer that/which her parents bought for her. 她有一台电脑，这台电脑是她父母给她买的。 Its like a huge sailing boat that has water on three sides. 它像一艘三面环水正在航行的大船。 基本用法 1. be like意为“像”，like在此作介词，相当于look like“看起来像 ”。如： It is round and like a ball. 它是圆的，像个球。2. that has water on three sides是that引导的定语从句，修饰boat的定语。 The scissors that theyre holding are to cut the wool off the sheep. 他们握在手中的剪刀是用来给绵羊剪毛的。 基本用法 1. that theyre holding 是定语从句，修饰scissors。 2. to cut the wool off the sheep 为动词不定式短语作表语。cutoff 意为“切除；剪下”； sheep在此句中是其复数，sheep单复数同形。如：He had his finger cut off in an accident at work. 他在一次工伤中被切断了手指。 Did you keep a diary while you were there? 你在哪里的时候写日记了吗？ 基本用法 1. keep a diary意为“写日记”。如： I keep a diary in English every day. 我每天用英文写日记。2. while you were there 是while引导的时间状语从句。如：While the discussion was still going on, George came in. 当讨论还在进行时，乔治走了进来。 At the moment, we are staying near Ayers Rock. 此刻，我们正待在艾尔斯岩附近。 基本用法 at the moment 意为“此刻；现在；目前”，相当于now或at the/this time，常用于现在时。 At the moment he doesnt have any new books. 现在他没有任何新书。She is playing the piano at the moment.她现在正在弹钢琴。知识拓展-词义辨析：the moment/at the moment/for a moment/for the moment/on the moment/ in a moment 1. for a moment 片刻，一会儿 He was silent for a moment, then began his answer. 他沉默了一会儿，然后开始回答。2. for the moment 暂时，一时I think perhaps we might leave it for the moment. 我看或许我们可以暂时不谈这事。3. on the moment 立刻，相当于at once。He was hit by a bullet and died on the moment. 他被枪弹击中，立刻就死了。4. at the moment 此刻，现在，目前；当时。Shes on the telephone at the moment. 她正在打电话。5. the moment引导时间状语从句，后面必须跟完整句子，表示“当”或“一.就”。I found myself in an entirely new world the moment I arrived in Beijing.我一到北京就感到耳目一新。 On the first day, we took a plane tour over the rock, and I was surprised at how big it was: 3.6 kilometers long and 348 meters high. 第一天我们坐飞机在岩石上方游览， 我很惊讶它的巨大：3.6公里长，348米高。 基本用法 1. 表示具体的某一天，需要用介词 on。 My grandfather was born on Oct. 10, 1935. 我爷爷出生于1935年10月10日。On a cold winter morning, I met her in the street. 在一个寒冷的冬日早上，我在街上遇到她。 2. be surprised at sth 意为：惊讶于. I was surprised at the news about his death. 他去世的消息令我感到震惊。We were all surprised at seeing her there. 我们见他在那儿都很惊奇。 3. how big it was 做介词at的宾语，为宾语从句，用陈述句语序。 they are like us in many ways. 他们在很多方面跟我们很像。 基本用法 in many ways意为“在许多方面”。如： She is different from me in many ways. 她在许多方面都和我不一样。知识拓展-词义辨析：way短语 1. in some ways 在某些方面。如： In some ways you are right. 在某些方面你是对的。 2. in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上。如： The work is well done in a way. 这工作就算做得不错。 3. in no way 决不，一点儿也不。如： In fact, he is in no way honest. 其实他一点儿也不老实。 4. in the way 阻碍；妨碍。如： Can I go along with you? I wont get in the way. 我能和你一块去吗？我不会碍你事的。 5. in this way 这样。如： Why do you represent the matter in this way? 你为什麽把这事说成这样? The foods that Australians like most are ham and beef with lots of salad. 澳大利亚人最喜欢的食物是火腿和加了许多沙拉的牛肉。 基本用法 that Australians like most 是定语从句，修饰 the foods，引导词 that 在定语从句中做宾语。定语从句的 引导词在从句中做宾语时，可以省略。如： The old man (that/who/whom) I visited yesterday is my teacher. 我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。（关系代词that在修饰man的定语从句中充当宾语） Theman (that/who/whom) youmetjustnowismyfriend. 你刚才遇到的那个人是我的朋友。 The horse that I rode was lazy, so I was left behind the others. 我骑的马很懒，因此我被其他人落下来。 基本用法 1. that I rode 为定语从句，修饰the horse，引导词为 that。 2. leave behind 意为：忘带，落下，was left behind 为一般过去时的被动语态结构。 If you dont keep up with the times, youll get left behind. 如果你跟不上时代，就会被时代甩在后面。Come on quickly or well be left behind. 快，不然我们就掉队了。 Australia has more beaches than any other country 澳大利亚拥有比任何其他国家都多的海滩. 基本用法 此句相当于 Australia has the most beaches in the world.。句中“any other+单数名词”表示前面已经提 到过的人或事物以外的任何一个人或事物，多用于同一范围内比较。表示不同范围的两个人（物）比较 时，通常用“any+单数名词”。如：The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. 在中国，长江比任何一条别的河流都长。（同一范围比较）The Yangtze River is longer than any river in India. 长江比印度任何一条河流都长。（不同范围比较） It is a great place to visit and to spend some time at. 它是一个观光和花些时间的好去处。 基本用法 a great place to visit 意为“一个观光的好去处”，不定式to visit作后置定语，修饰名词place，它与所修饰 的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系，这时，如果不定式的动词为不及物动词时，应加上相应的介词。如：I gave her a newspaper to read. 我给了她一张报纸看。He has a very good pen to write with. 他有一支很好写字的钢笔。 As soon as we started to eat, they arrived. 我们刚开始吃，他们就到了。 基本用法 1. as soon as引导时间状语从句，意为“一就；刚就”。如： As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started. 我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了。 I will write you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就给你写信。 2. as soon as引导的时间状语从句前后时态搭配： (1). 主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来： I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他消息。 (2). 主句为一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时：He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一坐下，就拿出他的英语书。三、重点语法定语从句的用法 定义在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必 须放在先行词之后。如： This is the engineer who will give us a talk on science and technology. 这就是要给我们作一个关于科学和技术的演讲的工程师。 在上句中who will give us a talk on science and technology是定语从句，修饰先行词engineer。从句中 的who是关系代词，由它引导定语从句。它一方面起连接先行词和定语从句的作用，另一方面它在从句 中作主语。用法 that引导的定语从句 that引导定语从句时，可以指物也可以指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时常客省略。需要强 调两点：一是that前不能有介词，二是that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 1. that 指人，在定语从句中充当主语，可换为who。如： He is the kind man that often helps others. 他就是那位经常帮助别人的好心人。 2. that 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可换为who或whom，也可省略。如： The man (that) my father talked with was my English teacher. 和我父亲谈话的那位男士是我的英语老师。 3. that 指物，在定语从句中充当主语，可换为which。如： The building that is being built is our teaching building. 正在修建的那幢建筑物是我们的教学楼。 4. that 指物，在定语从句中充当宾语，可换为which，也可省略。如： There are some films (that) Id like to see. 有几部我想看的电影。 定语从句的用法 定义在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必 须放在先行词之后。如：This is the engineer who will give us a talk on science and technology. 这就是要给我们作一个关于科学和技术的演讲的工程师。（who应译为“的”，一般不译出。）在上句中who will give us a talk on science and technology是定语从句，修饰先行词engineer。从句中 的who是关系代词，由它引导定语从句。它一方面起连接先行词和定语从句的作用，另一方面它在从句 中作主语。用法that引导的定语从句 that引导定语从句时，可以指物也可以指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时常客省略。需要强 调两点：一是that前不能有介词，二是that不能引导非限制性定语从句。1. that 指人，在定语从句中充当主语，可换为who。如：He is the kind man that often helps others. 他就是那位经常帮助别人的好心人。2. that 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可换为who或whom，也可省略。如：The man (that) my father talked with was my English teacher. 和我父亲谈话的那位男士是我的英语老师。3. that 指物，在定语从句中充当主语，可换为which。如：The building that is being built is our teaching building. 正在修建的那幢建筑物是我们的教学楼。4. that 指物，在定语从句中充当宾语，可换为which，也可省略。如：There are some films (that) Id like to see. 有几部我想看的电影。高考不提分，赔付1万元，关注快乐学kuailexue.com了解详情。