初三句子成分与主谓一致专题.doc

句子结构与主谓一致专题第一部分：句子类型一. 句子结构的基本成分：1.主 谓 宾句（结构）：Jack broke the school rules. The teacher had to punish him.（vt. 及物动词） 主 谓句（结构）： Jack gets up early everyday. （vi. 不及物动词） 主 谓 双宾句（结构）：Li Lei offered me his pencil when I wanted to draw a picture. 主 谓 宾 宾补句： Would you tell David to be quiet, please?2. 主 系 表句（或系表结构）：Jack looks hard-working, but he is really lazy. (l.v. 联系动词)3. 祈 使句（无主句）： Jimmy, dont stand here. Go to play sports, please.二. 句子的修饰成分： 1. 定语：前置与后置，修饰名词 2. 状语：时间、地点、转折、条件，修饰动词、副词、形容词三试分析以下句子的主语、谓语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语 并注意谓语动词的形态：1. My brothers best friend John broke his left leg on the way to school this morning. Its too bad.2. Jackson has already worked in China since he came here one and a half years ago.3. Do you often kill some mosquitoes at night in summer?4. I can guess that Mike and Mary are watching a movie in the cinema at present?5. I think I am not good-looking, but I can run very fast. Last term I got the first place at the sports meet in our school.6. Twenty minutes ago Martha came here and took back her camera.7. I have ordered my dog not to shout at Jessie already.8. Its so important for you to learn English well.第二部分：主谓一致一主谓一致的三个基本原则：A语法一致。1.一致原则：主单-谓单 或 主复-谓复的基本句子结构中。 2. 不一致原则：特例原则。a. 不定代词（some, any, no，every/ body, one, thing, where）作主语时, 其谓语用单数。 b. 主语后面有with, as well as, besides, except, like, 等介词引起的人称和数时，其后的谓语动词单复数变化区别处理。B意义一致。指主语人称的单、复数变化根据其实际单复数内在含义决定。例如，the police/ public/ staff，the poor/ wounded形式上是单数，其内含是指复数，故谓语用复数； 然而news, politics,表面是复数，实际上指单数，故其谓语用单数。C就近一致原则。在一些固定句型中，如there be A and B，either A or B, neither A nor B, not only A but also B的结构作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数由与动词最靠近的一项决定。二主谓一致的9种常考情形： 1表时间、数量、重量、价格、长度、运算公式等的词或词组作主语时，形式上它们是复数，但应该将其视作一个整体，即“三单”处理。其谓语动词也相应使用单数形式。例如，1). Three weeks is a short time.2). 47 and 23 is 70.2动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语时,其谓语动词也相应使用单数形式。例如，1). To see is to believe.2). It is not easy for us to learn math well.3). Its true that dropping litter anywhere is not right.3由and 连接的成分作主语时，要根据其实际含义来决定其谓语动词的单、复数。例，1). The famous writer and the teacher are coming here soon. The famous writer and teacher is coming here soon.2). The tomato and egg is my favorite dish. Its delicious. 4 集合名词作主语的几种情况：a. the police/ public/ staff/ poultryb. the poor/ rich/ dead/ old/ living/ woundedc. the Smiths/ the Turners/ the Chengsd. the family, team, class, group，这组特殊词的单、复数的变化要看其实际含义而定。表整体、称呼时，作单数； 表个体、内容时，作复数。例如，My family are going hiking in the mountains next week.All of us think that Toms family is a good example to us.5名词性物主代词mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its作主语时, 其单、复数的变化由其实际含义而定。例如，His parents are tall and thin, while mine are tall and heavy.6以s结尾的固有名词作主语时，其形式上是复数，但其本身算作单数，故其谓语用单数。例如，news, maths, politics, physics,7在there be, here be； eitheror, neithernor, or, not onlybut also等连接名词或代词作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数与其最靠近的主语单、复数一致，即就近原则。例如，1）Here is some paper and two letters for you on the table, Tracy.2) Not only my classmates but Mr Smith thinks the first prize should come to our class.8在kind of, pair of, glass of 等量词短语前面有this, the 或 my, your, his 时，应以 kind, pair, glass 为主体，而其后的名词则为其次。例如，1). Look, this kind of TV sets at the mall is pretty cheap.2). There are two glasses of milk on the table, too. 但是，all kinds of, different kinds of的短语中： a. In summer, different kinds of foods are very popular in Jinli Street in Chengdu. b. Actually, not all kinds of meat at the Carrefour market are very cheap.9a. 不定代词（some-/ any-/ no-/ every- + thing/ one/ body/ where）作主语时，其本身只作单数； b. 单数代词（one/ each/ either/ neither/ much）作主语时， 其谓语用单数。1). Much of the bread was left on the table just now.2). Each of us has an English-Chinese dictionary in my class. c. 复数代词（both, many）作主语时， 其谓语用复数数。 d. 单复各表的代词（all, some, most, any, one third, 3/5）作主语时， 其谓语的单复数随机应变。例如，1). Im sure that not all of the work has been finished already. 2). Most of the students are still in the classroom now. 3). Look! 1/3 of the bread hasnt been eaten on the plate.第三部分：主谓一致练习一把下面汉语翻译成英语:1. 看，Henry 和他的同学在操场上打排球。Look! Henry _ his classmates is playing volleyball _ the playground.2. 不错，我的这双鞋有点旧了，但是还结实。Yes，my pair of shoes _ _ _ old. _, _ pretty strong.3. 事实上，并非家乐福所有的肉都便宜。Actually, not all kinds of meat at the Carrefour market _ very cheap.4. Ten pounds is not so heavy, I think.5. 八月份，除了爸爸，还有妈妈要和我一起去北京看奥运比赛。 _ my father, my mum _ me is going to Beijing _ _ the Olympic games.6. 要把数学学好对我来说却是有点难。不过我会尽力。 _ a little difficult _ _ to learn math well. But Ill _ my _. 二选择适当的答案填空：A组：1. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party last weekend. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 2. Everyone except Tom and Jerry _ there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. was D. were 3. _ the books in our library _about 20,000. A. The number of, are B. A number of, is C. The number of, is D. A number of, are4. - How about your CDs now, Mike? - Oh, mine _ old and some of them _ even broken. A. is, are B. is, is C. are, are D. are, is 5. The workmen _ busy _ the small parts together in the workshop. A. is, with B. are, putting C. is, putting D. be, with 6. _ was sent to that country after the war was over. A. Lots of coats B. A lot of food C. Many kinds of foods D. Many water 7. - Do you know how many sheep_ in Australia? - Sorry, I dont know. A. is there B. there are C. are there D. there is 8. Physics _ my favorite subject, I think. A. isnt B. doesnt C. are D. arent 9. - Do you like watching cooking show on TV, Mary? - No. But my twin sister _. Shes quite fond of cooking. A. is B. are C. does D. do 10. Look, some of the bread _ been eaten on the plate. A. hasnt B. is C. have D. arent 11. Sorry, my car is full, so there _ for this big box. A. are no rooms B. is little room C. is a few room D. are a few rooms 12. The number of the teachers in our school is about 150, and _ of them _ men teachers. A. two thirds, is B. half, are C. two third, is D. three quarters, are 13. I hear the Johnsons _ in our district for half a year. A. are living B. have lived C. lives D. has lived 14. Jenny _are going to visit the Palace Museum soon. A. and her parents B. and mum C. together with Mary D. as well as Joe 15. Li Lei and I have decided to go to the mountains if it _ this weekend. A. dont rain B. doesnt rain C. isnt raining D. wont rain 16. In fact, neither Tom and Larry nor Jack _ from Canada. They are from America. A. comes B. coming C. come D. came17. Its true that fifteen and thirteen _ twenty-eight. A. are B. makes C. were D. make 18. Yes, _ too much is bad for your health.A. eat B. ate C. eaten D. eating 19. - Two months _ quite a long time for me often.- Well, maybe you dont have a good time these days.A. means B. its C. meaning D. meant 20. In China, all of the old _ taken good care of, I think.A. are B. was C. is D. being 21. - _ this pair of shoes yours?- No. My shoes _ under the bed. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, was 22Ok, Ill say that my family _ watching the NBA games at that time. A. are B. am C. was D. were23. Whether we go fishing or not _ on the weather. A. depend B. depends C. depended D. depending24. Well, _ of the students wants to watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics this summer. A. most B. some C. every one D. everyone25. Its said that many kinds of TV sets _sold at the Mall Parkson in Chengdu these days. A. is being B. has been C. are being D. are选择适当的答案填空：B组：1. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south, the rest of them _ fromthe north and foreign countries. A. are, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, /2. Half of the workers here _ under 30 _.A. is, years B. are, year old C. is, years old D. are, years of age3. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing4. The number of pages in this dictionary _ about two thousand.A. are B. has C. have D. is5. Thirty dollars _ too expensive.A. are B. is C. were D. be6. The audience (观众) _ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A. is B. were C. was D. has7. The secretary and principal _ at the meeting now.A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech8. If anybody _, please put down _ name, said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants to buy the book, his B. want to buy the book, theirC. will buy the book, ones D. wants to have the book bought, her9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left10. After arriving at the station, _.A. it was found that the train had left B. the train had leftC. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left11. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand12. Either of you _ going there tonight.A. will B. was C. is D. are13. You as well _ right.A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are14. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were D. was15. - Shall I wait here for three hours? -Yes. Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor. A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for you C. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _ at the meeting.A. have not discussed B. have not been discussedC. has not discussed D. has not been discussed17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _ very important for me to make further research in this field. A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are18. Every student and every teacher _.A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meetingC. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting19. Three fourths of the bread _ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _ left on the table. A. was eaten, were B. were eaten, was C. were eaten, were D. was eaten, was20. This pair of shoes _.A. is her B. is hers C. are hers D. are her选择适当的答案填空：C组：21. There _ no life on the moon.A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to beD. are said to be 22. A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hillA. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps grasses leaves C. sheep; grass leaf D. sheeps grass leafs23. My family raise a lot of _, including two_.A. cattles cows B. cows cattle C. cattle cows D. cow, cattles24. What he says and what he does_.A. does not agree B. do not agree C. does not agree with D. not agree25. The boy and the girl each _ toys.A. have their own B. has their own C. have her own D. has her own26. She is the only one among the _ writers who _stories for children.A. woman, writes B. women write C. women writes D. woman write27.The railway station is _from our school.A. two hours driveB. two hours drive C. two hour drive D. two hours drive28. Mike and Johns _.A. father is a teacher B. fathers are teachers C. father are teachers D. fathers are teacher29. A great deal of talking and listening that _ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless. A. is occurred B. are occurred C. occurs D. occur30._ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A. Either the offices orB. The offices and C. Both the office andD. The office and31.Three-fourths of the homework _today.A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished32. More than 60 percent of the worlds radio programmes _in England.A. is B. was C. are D. be33. _work has been done to improve the peoples living standardA. A great deal of B. A great many C. A large number of D. Many34.The rest of the magazines _ within half an hour.A. is sold out B. are sold out C. was sold out D. were sold out35.There _ a lot of sugar in the jar.A. has B. have C. is D. are36. “All _present and all _going on well”, our monitor said.A. is, is B. are, are C. are is D. is are37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor_ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C. are D. were.38. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study39.The rich_ not always happy.A. are B. is C. will D. may40. _can be done _done.A. All, have been B. All that, have been C. All hasD. All that, has been41. Either of the plans _equally dangerous.A. are B. is C. has D. have42.The police _the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searchingB. were searching for C. are searching D. was searching for43.Your trousers _dirty, you must have_ washed.A. is it B. are it C. are them D. is them44.The Olympic games _held every four _.A. is years B. are years C. is year D. are year45. He is the only one of the students who_ elected.A. are B. have C. has D. is46. _a good enough price for this book .A.Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuans is D. Two yuan is47. No bird and no beast _in the lonely islandA. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees48. Every means _prevent the water from_.A. are used to polluting B. get used to polluting C. is used to , polluted D. is used to ,being polluted49. Each of the _in the ship.A. passenger has his own room B. passengers have their own room C. passenger have their own room D. passengers has his own room 课后检测60分：一把下面汉语翻译成英语:1. 八月份，除了爸爸，还有妈妈要和我一起去北京看奥运比赛。 _ my father, my mum _ me is going to Beijing _ _ the Olympic games.2. 不错，我的这双鞋有点旧了，但是还结实。Yes，my pair of shoes _ _ _ old. _, _ pretty strong. 3. 事实上，并非家乐福所有的肉都便宜。Actually, not all kinds of meat at the Carrefour market _ very cheap.4. Ten pounds is not so heavy, I think.5. 看，Henry 和他的同学在操场上打排球。Look! Henry _ his classmates is playing volleyball _ the playground.二选择适当的答案填空： 1. Its said that many kinds of TV sets _sold at the Mall Parkson in Chengdu these days. A. is being B. has been C. are being D. are 2. Yes, _ too much is bad for your health.A. eat B. ate C. eaten D. eating 3. _ the books in our library _about 20,000. A. The number of, are B. A number of, is C. The number of, is D. A number of, are4. - How about your CDs now, Mike? - Oh, mine _ old and some of them _ even broken. A. is, are B. is, is C. are, are D. are, is 5. - Two months _ quite a long time for me often.- Well, maybe you dont have a good time these days.A. means B. its C. meaning D. meant 6. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party last weekend. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 7. - Do you know how many sheep_ in Australia? - Sorry, I dont know. A. is there B. there are C. are there D. there is 8. Physics _ my favorite subject, I think. A. isnt B. doesnt C. are D. arent 9. - Do you like watching cooking show on TV, Mary? - No. But my twin sister _. Shes quite fond of cooking. A. is B. are C. does D. do 10. Look, some of the bread _ been eaten on the plate. A. hasnt B. is C. have D. arent 11. Everyone except Tom and Jerry _ there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. was D. were 12. The number of the teachers in our school is about 150, and _ of them _ men teachers. A. two thirds, is B. half, are C. two third, is D. three quarters, are 13. I hear the Johnsons _ in our district for half a year. A. are living B. have lived C. lives D. has lived 14. Jenny _are going to visit the Palace Museum soon. A. and her parents B. and mum C. together with Mary D. as well as Joe 15. Thirty dollars _ too expensive.A. are B. is C. were D. be 16. In fact, neither Tom and Larry nor Jack _ from Canada. They are from America. A. comes B. coming C. come D. came17. _a good enough price for this book .A.Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C. Two yuans is D. Two yuan is 18. Half of the workers here _ under 30 _.A. is, years B. are, year old C. is, years old D. are, years of age 19. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing 20. He is the only one of the students who_ elected.A. are B. have C. has D. is 21. The audience (观众) _ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A. is B. were C. was D. has22. If anybody _, please put down _ name, said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants to buy the book, his B. want to buy the book, theirC. will buy the book, ones D. wants to have the book bought, her23. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left24. Either of you _ going there tonight.A. will B. was C. is