2018年高考英语真题与模拟类编：专题06-七选五(含答案)

2018 年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之阅读填空 2018 年高考阅读填空 2018 全国 I 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选 项中有两项为多余选项 Color is fundamental in home design something you ll always have in every room A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you ll love to live in Do you want a room that s full of life Professional Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day 36 color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel Over the years there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point 37 they can get a little complex But good news is that there re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home the small ones the medium ones and the large ones 38 They re the little spots of color like throw pillows mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas dinner tables or bookshelves 39 They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls ceilings and floors Whether you re looking at wallpaper or paint the time effort and relative expense put into it are significant 40 A While all of them are useful B Whatever you re looking for C If you re experimenting with a color D Small color choices are the ones we re most familiar with E It s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F So it pays to be sure because you want to get it right the first time G Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 答案 36 B 37 A 38 D 39 G 40 F 解析 本文是一篇说明文 文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题 36 36 题以逗号结尾 后面另起一个简单句 可以从句子结构排除 D E F G 项 根据前 文的三个问句可知 此处是从中选择一种 故选 B 不管你寻找哪一种 37 前文 在过去的许多年里 有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点 下文 它们有 点复杂 所以 A 然而他们都很有用 承上启下 符合题意 点睛 关键词法解决阅读填空题是一种有效的方法 做题时很重要的一点是保持对一 些线索词的敏感 最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词 寻找答案时注意在选项 中查找同义词 近义词 反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等 其次是代词 数词 表示时 间 年代的词 地点 名称等专有名词等 尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下 利用这样的线索 词寻找答案是很有效的方法 37 题 A 选项中的 them 指代上文中的 different techniques 和下文中的 they 指代内容相同 38 题上一段末尾提到要介绍三种颜色选择 本段详细介绍第一种 small color choice 选项和 语段中都有关键词 small color choice 39 题本段主要内容是 medium color choice 前半句承接上文中 medium 是 small 的升级 后 半句引出下文的两种方式 关键词 two major ways 和 and 2018 全国 II 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选 项中有两项为多余选项 If you are already making the time to exercise it is good indeed With such busy lives it can be hard to try and find the time to work out 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit Your productivity is improved Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day 37 Your metabolism 新陈代谢 gets a head start 38 If you work out in the mornings then you will be getting the calorie 卡路里 burning benefits for the whole day not in your sleep 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening Exercise energizes you so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food You will want to continue to focus on positive choices There are a lot of benefits to working out especially in the mornings Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out You will feel energized all day long A You will stick to your diet B Your quality of sleep improves C You prefer healthy food to fast food D There is no reason you should exercise in the morning E You can keep your head clear for 4 10 hours after exercise F After you exercise you continue to burn calories throughout the day G If you are planning to do exercise regularly or you re doing it now then listen up 答案 36 G 37 E 38 F 39 B 40 A 解析 这是一篇说明文 列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处 号召人们早点起床 进行身体锻炼 36 根据空前的内容 生活忙碌没有时间锻炼 和空后的内容 晨练除了身体健康之外 还能带来其他好处 下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处 由此可知 此处缺一个承上启下句 G 项中 then listen up 那么请仔细听 很好的起到了承上启下的作用 故选 G 37 根据上一句 Exercising makes you more awake 锻炼能让你更清醒 E 项 你可以 在运动后保持头脑清醒 4 10 个小时 是对上一句的进一步解释 故选 E 38 空前句子是本段的主题句 晨练是新陈代谢的开始 空后句子说如果晨练 则你 会得到卡路里一整天都在燃烧的益处 F 项 锻炼之后 你一整天都在燃烧卡路里 是空 后句子的根据 空后句子是对 F 项的进一步延伸 故选 F 39 此处缺一个主题句 空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好 B 项 你的睡眠质量提高了 是对后面内容的总述 故选 B 40 根据空后句子 If you work out bright and early in the morning you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day 如果你在早晨锻炼身体 你将更有可能 坚持健康的食物选择 A 项 你将坚持你的饮食 符合本段内容 是主题句 起到统领 下文的作用 故选 A 点睛 七选五题型 要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系 理解句子之 间 段落之间的关系 所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用 本 篇文章采用总分总的结构 第一段和最后一段是总述 中间是分述 中间每段都是主题句 加分述句构成 2018 全国 III 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项 中有两项为多余选项 Before there was the written word there was the language of dance Dance expresses love and hate joy and sorrow life and death and everything else in between 36 We dance from Florida to Alaska from north to south and sea to sea We dance at weddings birthdays office parties and just to fill the time I adore dancing says Lester Bridges the owner of a dance studio in Iowa I can t imagine doing anything else with my life Bridges runs dance classes for all ages Teaching dance is wonderful 37 It s great to watch them For many of them it s a way of meeting people and having a social life 38 I can tell you about one young couple says Bridges They re learning to do traditional dances They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile 39 So do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better calmer healthier Andrea Hillier says Dance like the pattern of a beating heart is life Even after all these years I want to get better and better 40 I find it hard to stop Dancing reminds me I m alive A So why do we dance B Dance in the U S is everywhere C If you like dancing outdoors come to America D My older students say it makes them feel young E I keep practicing even When I m extremely tired F Dancing seems to change their feeling completely G They stayed up all night long singing and dancing 答案 36 B 37 D 38 A 39 F 40 E 解析 本文为说明文 文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处 40 根据文章前后句可知 此处人称为第一人称 所以 E 符合语境 作者结合自己的跳舞 经历介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处 点睛 七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索 即 要关注空白前后的名 词和动词 然后在选项中查找它们的近义词 反义词 同义词 同类词等 其次是一些专 有名词 比如说数词 代词 时间 年代 地点 名称等 在本文中 第 2 小题中的 them 第 5 小题中的 I 第 1 小题中的 from Florida to Alaska 均与上下文或选项中有相呼应的词 语 2018 浙江卷 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience Of course you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should 31 Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property 房产 neat clean and in good repair 32 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape you will help to improve the look and feel of the area Second take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously When going for a walk Take a small garbage bag 33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area 34 If a neighbor is going to be out of town offer to collect mail and newspapers If a neighbor suffers an illness offer to do the grocery shopping Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor 35 By following the basic rules of respecting others taking care of what belongs to you and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate A In general keep an eye on their property while they are gone B A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways C Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior D Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping E Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car pick it up F People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting G Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly 答案 31 G 32 F 33 E 34 B 35 C 解析 怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人 作者给了几点建议 31 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力 本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受 和有价值的部分 最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居 下文是具体做法 G 项 这里有一些技巧 可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖 承上启下 故选 G 32 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力 本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持 干净整洁的户内户外环境 F 项中 keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting 保持街 上的一切新鲜和诱人 与本段意思一致 故选 F 33 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力 本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌 出 门拿上一个垃圾袋 E 项 遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸 把它捡起来 与上句连接 是拿垃圾袋的作用 故选 E 34 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力 本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他 们 同时尊重邻居的隐私 B 项 好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人 符合本段内 容 故选 B 35 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力 最后一段是总结 只要我们考虑周到 尊 重他人 照顾好属于自己的东西 为周围的人感到自豪 很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的 好邻居 C 项中 considerate behavior 是下文内容的概括 故选 C 点睛 七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系 理解句子之间 段落 之间的关系 对诸如连贯性 一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握 所以懂得整 篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用 分析本文的语篇结构 可以知道第一段先引出话题 本段最后一句是文章的主题句 然后 接下来各段都是阐述一种方法 是总分总结构 每段开头都是本段的主题句 要弄清每段 主题句和段落内容的联系 判断正确答案 小题 3 本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌 出门拿上一个垃圾袋 E 项 遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸 把它捡起来 与上句连接 是拿垃圾袋的作用 故选 E 2018 北京卷 根据短文内容 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选 项 选项中有两项为多余选项 Why Do We Get Angry Anger seems simple when we are feeling it but the causes of anger are various Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior and correct bad habits The main reasons we get angry are triggering 触发 events personality traits 特征 and our assessment of situations 51 Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages However here are some examples being cut off in traffic a deadline approaching experiencing physical pain and much more 52 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one s personal history and psychological traits Each person no matter who they are has psychological imbalances People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry 53 Also sometimes pre anger does not have to do with a lasting condition but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred 54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre anger or anger itself Sometimes ignorance and negative 消极的 outlooks on situations can create anger 55 However anger can easily turn violent and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence With these main reasons in mind we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings A Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well B But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger C Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait and is usually advised to reduce it D Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry E Having these personality traits implies the pre anger state where anger is in the background of your mind F Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye G Not everyone acts the same in response to events and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another Q1 2018 北京卷 要点综述 本文是一篇说明文 文章按照总 分 总的结构讲述了人愤怒的三个原因 触发事件 个人特征和对环境的评估 希望通过了解这三个原因 我们能更好地控制自己 的情绪 51 F 本句作为第一段中的最后一句话 显然应该是总括性的句子 F 选项中对于了解这些 原因对我们控制情绪的好处恰好符合这一特征 故选 F 52 G 根据下一句中 why someone is triggered by something and others are not 可知 前文中 提到了每个人的触发事件都各不相同 G 选项中 what triggers one person may or may not trigger another 恰好提到了这一点 符合语境 故选 G 53 E 根据后文 Also sometimes pre anger does not have to do with a lasting condition but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred 可知 前一句也提到了 pre anger 这一状态 E 选项中 pre anger state 恰好符合 除此之外 上一句中的 personality traits 在此句中也出现了 故选 E 54 A 本文为总 分 总结构 按照第一段的顺序 此段应该讲 assessment of situations 故选 A 55 D 根据后文 However anger can easily turn violent and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence 可知 前面一句应该是说生气有其存在的合 理性 故选 D 2018 最新模拟阅读填空 山西省太原市 2018 届高三第二次模拟 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空 白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 We were high in the mountains of Xishuangbanna as far south as you can get in Yunnan skirting the borders of Myanmar and Laos The drive was typical textbook beauty mountains thick with rubber tree forests pu er tea plantations and banana palms and tiny Dai villages Hidden among the fields of green I spotted an odd collection of wooden boxes near a tent on the side of the road 16 We had run into the current home of Wei Dajing a 17 year old apprentice 学徒 beekeeper who was manning his hives Wei was fresh to the beekeeping life and had been on the job for just two months and was here to learn from a master beekeeper Their tent and hive set up is always temporary 17 This particular spot was stationed at a sunny patch of yellow flowers Once these flowers die the rubber trees will be flowering so we will move toward them he told Sam Like thieves in the night the beekeepers will stealthily pack up their hives in the dark once the bees go to sleep They are most active around midday when they are collecting their nectar 花蜜 18 Wei explained The hives were humming and bees were invasively buzzing around Wei as he spoke to us Pieces of fruit lay drying among the hives used to feed the bees and give them an extra boost of energy once Wei bottles up their hard earned honey Sam who also has a couple of his own small hives in his backyard tells us you must always leave a little bit of honey in the hive 19 We waved goodbye to Wei Back at Sam s house he gave us a bowlful of local honey 20 Lacking the usual sweetness of honey but instead rich with a more savory spiced flavor it tasted just like China A It was smooth thin and runny B Wei skillfully collected honey from the hives C Otherwise the bees get fed up and abandon you D Maybe it is the flowers that give such unique taste to the honey E By 10 pm they are asleep in their hives which is when we move F I asked our excellent guide and new best friend Sam to pull over G Wei and his master move their camp as the flowers bloom and die 答案 16 F 17 G 18 E 19 C 20 A 解析 这是一篇说明文 作者介绍了在西双版纳高山上见到的养蜂人和了解到的一些养 蜂知识 16 上句介绍 我在路边的一个帐篷附近发现了一堆奇怪的木箱 F 项 我请优秀向导和新 朋友萨姆靠边停车 与上句连接 说明作者对木箱好奇 故选 F 20 上句讲 Sam 给了我们一碗当地的蜂蜜 A 项 它很光滑 很淡也很松软 描述 Sam 给的 蜂蜜的味道 与上句连接 故选 A 河北省石家庄市第二中学 2018 届高三仿真模拟 一 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中 选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 I grew up on a farm in the small rural 乡下的 community of Catawissa Missouri as the sixth of seven children 16 In the fall of 1970 he was working on a house when the ladder broke His back was broken He stayed in the hospital for three weeks When Dad returned home he was still in a back brace 支架 and unable to work 17 One night we heard a car coming up 18 Rose was at the door holding an envelope filled with money She told my dad she had collected money and was there to deliver it 19 I can still hear her saying Archie whenever someone s baler 干草打包机 is broken you bale their hay Someone passes away Altha is cooking It s our turn That evening this 6 year old understood what being a good neighbor was and that because her parents were good neighbors their kindness would be returned I learned later my mom s sisters all adopted one of us kids to help with Christmas and we received gift baskets from more than one organization My parents were used to being the givers and not the receivers of such generosity 慷慨 20 A He tried to protest but Rose would have none of it B Besides running the farm Dad was also a carpenter C Apart from a carpenter Dad was also running a farm D We kids were always curious about who was visiting E I was too young to realize our family had no money coming in as Christmas approached F It was comforting to be helped when in trouble but what was important was to help others in return G They had a bit of pride to swallow but continued all of their lives to show us kids the value of kindness 答案 16 B 17 E 18 D 19 A 20 G 解析 本文主要介绍了作者的父母平时是乐意助人 且有着良好邻里关系的一对夫妇 但在父亲受伤 圣诞节来临 家人遇到经济困难之际 作者一家得到了邻居们的帮助 16 根据该空后的 he was working on a house when the ladder broke His back was broken 可知 父亲在做木工维修房屋时 因梯子断裂而摔伤 这是木工的经历 因此该空使用 B 项 因 C 项主要介绍父亲经营农场 与后一句逻辑不符 故选 B 17 根据文章可知 父亲受伤不能工作的直接结果就是没有收入 no money coming in 因 此该空使用 E 项符合逻辑 故选 E 18 根据前句 One night we heard a car coming up 一辆车抵达 必定有客人来 孩子天生有 好奇心想知道客人是谁 故选 D 19 根据后句 I can still hear her saying Archie whenever someone s baler 干草打包机 is broken you bale their hay Rose 一直在劝服父亲收下信封里的钱 故可知 父亲开始是拒绝 接受的 故选 A 20 根据前句 My parents were used to being the givers and not the receivers of such generosity 慷慨 作者父母习惯于成为给予者而不是接受者 可知 作者父母有点自负 故选 G 名师点睛 该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中 均为完整的句子 选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳 选项 主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握 分析篇 章结构 把握全篇文脉是解题的关键 学 山东省泰安市 2018 届高三第二次模拟 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空 白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 Recently I ve been following a simple rule that is helping me crush procrastination 拖延症 and making it easier for me to stick to good habits at the same time 36 There are two parts to the 2 Minute Rule Part 1 If it takes less than two minutes then do it now 37 For example washing your dishes immediately after your meal tossing the laundry in the washing machine taking out the garbage sending that email and so on If a task takes less than two minutes to complete then follow the rule and do it right now Part 2 When you start a new habit it should take less than two minutes to do Can all of your goals be accomplished in less than two minutes Obviously not But every goal can be started in 2 minutes or less 38 It might sound like this strategy is too basic for grand life goals but I beg to differ The 2 Minute Rule works for big goals as well as small goals because of the inertia 惯性 of life 39 I love the 2 Minute Rule because it embraces the idea that all sorts of good things happen once you get started The most important part of any new habit is getting started not just the first time but each time It s not about performance it s about consistently taking action I can t guarantee whether or not the 2 Minute Rule will work for you 40 Anyone can spare the next 120 seconds Use this time to get one thing done Go A I call this little strategy the 2 Minute Rule B And that s the purpose behind this little rule C Here s what you need to know to stop procrastinating D Once you start doing something it s easier to continue doing it E But I can guarantee that it will never work if you never try it F The goal is to make it easier for you to get started on the things you should be doing G It s surprising how many things we put off that we could get done in two minutes or less 答案 36 A 37 G 38 B 39 D 40 E 解析 本文是一篇说明文 作者针对如何克服拖延这一问题 给出了自己的方法 两 分钟规则 36 根据后文 There are two parts to the 2 Minute Rule 这里提到了 两分钟规则 分为两部分 所以上文会说什么是 两分钟规则 故选 A 38 根据前文 Can all of your goals be accomplished in less than two minutes Obviously not But every goal can be started in 2 minutes or less 这里捕捉到了关键词 goal B 项 这正是这个小规则背后的目的 总结本段内容 故选 B 39 根据前文 The 2 Minute Rule works for big goals as well as small goals because of the inertia 惯性 of life 这里提到了生活的惯性 故 D 项 一旦你开始做某事 继续做它就很容 易 正是惯性的一种 故选 D 40 根据前文 I can t guarantee whether or not the 2 Minute Rule will work for you 这里提到 了我不能保证 两分钟规则 是否对你有效 故 E 项 但是我保证 如果你不尝试 它绝不 会起作用 是对前文内容的进一步阐述 故选 E 吉林省长春市 2018 届高三年级四模 根据主文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白 处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 How to Overcome Depression Suffering from depression means more than just dealing with a bad week or even a bad month Depression is a weakening condition that can make it impossible for you to enjoy your daily existence To overcome your depression you have to first determine if what you re feeling are the symptoms of depression 16 While medications can help relieve symptoms it is still important for depressed persons to understand the disorder and develop healthier strategies for coping with it Keep yourself busy Fill your schedule with events and activities you love Keeping a busy schedule will force you to stay active focused and thinking abo