资源描述
上海版牛津英语 S1A U6 Fun Food学习辅导讲义（11.12）词语学习farm v.养殖,种田,务农.例如： The family has farmed there for generations. 这家世代都在那里务农. farm n. on the farmmixture n. 混合物 a mixture of 的混合物，例如： Air is a mixture of different gases. 空气是各种气体的混合物。This cake is made from a mixture of flour, eggs and sugar.这种蛋糕是有面粉,鸡蛋,糖的混合物制作的。 We listened to the news with a mixture of surprise and pleasure.我们怀着惊喜交加的心情收听了这则新闻。a mixture of sorrow and anger 悲愤交加 a mixture of water and fertilizer水和肥料的混合物mix v. Mix A with / and B fertilizer n. 肥料(尤指化学肥料) fertilize v. 施肥, 使肥沃 例如：Compost fertilizes the soil. 混合肥料使土地肥沃。with prep.对来说 例如： With newcomers to China, language is still a big problem. 对初来中国的人来说,语言仍然是个大问题。 with 带来, 具有 例如： places with poor soil quality土地贫瘠的地方 I would like to live in a place with mountains and lakes. 我想住在有山有水的地方。involve v.包含,包括 involve sth./doing sth. 做某事需要某东西 例如： This job involves a lot of patience and skill. 这份工作需要很多耐心和技术。 Success usually involves taking a chance. 成功需要机遇。 involve sb. in sth. 把某人卷入某事中 例如： Dont involve me in your family affairs! 别让我卷入你的家务事中。profitable adj. 盈利的 a profitable enterprise 一家盈利的企业 profit n. 利润,赢利 unprofitable adj. 非赢利的,无益的. 例如： It would be unprofitable to pursue this argument any further. 再就这点争论下去将无益处的。technique n. 技巧,手法,技术 printing techniques 印刷技术 examination techniques 考试技巧 technology n.科技, 工艺学,工业技术 advanced technology 先进的技术agricultural / industrial / nuclear technology农业/工业/核技术 the level of scientific technology 科学技术水平 high-tech adj. 高科技的prove link-v.证明 例如： The policies of reform and opening up have proved to be the turning point in Chinas development. 改革开放是中国发展中的转折点。prove ( to be ) + adj. / n. 证明是 The treatment proved successful. 该疗法证明是成功的. The promotion proved to be very profitable. 这次促销证明是很有效的.variety n.种种 a variety of a wide variety of 种种,多种 varietied of 例如： Students come from a variety of different backgrounds. 学生们的出身背景各异. There are a large variety of dishes on the menu. 菜单上有多种菜. economic benefits 经济利益 economic growth经济增长 economic problems 经济问 economic policy 经济政策 economic development 经济发展 economical adj. 经济的,省钱的 例如： Chinese are taught to be economical when they are still kids.中国人从小就被教会如何节约。economy n.经济 economics n.经济学benefit n.利益 a practical benefit 实际利益 material benefit 物质利益 maximum benefit最大利益 a national benefit 国家利益 for sb.s benefit 为了某人的利益 acquire ( =get, have, receive ) the benefit of获得之益 give sb. the benefit 给予某人利益 lose the benefit of 丧失的利益amazed adj. 感到惊讶 be amazed at 对感到惊讶 例如： I am amazed at the way you teach me all the time. 一直以来我都对你教我的方式感到惊奇。 be amazed to do sth. 惊讶地做某事 例如： Visitors are amazed to find that great changes have taken place in Shanghai within a year. 游客们惊奇地发现一年里上海发生了惊人的变化。be amazed that惊讶的是 例如： I am amazed that you never heard of Yao Ming. 我很惊讶,你竟然没有听说过姚明。amazing adj. 例如： I am amazed at the amazing news. 我对这一惊人的消息感到惊讶。develop v. 发展，开发 例如： With hard work, she developed into a great writer. 经过艰苦地工作，她成为一位伟大的作家。 A good employer can develop the capabilities of each employee.一个好雇主能够开发每个雇员的潜能。 develop a taste for 培养对的品味development n. with the development of science and technology 随着科学技术的发展developed adj. a developed country 发达国家developing adj. developing nations 发展中国家 例如： India has developed rapidly in the past few years. 过去的几年，印度发展很快。 Pudong is one of the fastest developing areas in Shanghai. 浦东是上海发展最快的地区之一。 The development of China surprises the whole world. 中国的发展震惊全世界。practise v. practise+n. 例如：He practises calligraphy every day.他每天练习书法。 practise+v.ing 例如：He practised reversing the car into the garage. 他练习倒车入车库。nourish v. (=to feed) 供给营养 Most plants are nourished (fed) by soil. 大多数植物靠泥土提供营养。 well-nourished children营养充足的儿童 undernourished children营养不良的儿童 nourishing adj. 有营养的, 滋养多的 nourishment n. 食物, 营养品man-made adj. 人造的, 合成的, 人为的 例如： man-made fibers 人造纤维 a man-made lake 人工湖chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学制品, 化学药品 例如： the chemical industry 化工业 a chemical reaction 化学反应 a chemical experiment 化学实验produce v. 生产；制造 例如: This factory produces cars. 这个工厂生产汽车。 production n. U 生产，产量 例如： Wood is used for the production of paper. 木头被用作纸的生产。 In order to increase production, the factory uses new methods. 为了增加产量，工厂采用新的方法。 比较 product n. 产品aspect n.方面The training course covers every aspect of the job. 这个培训课程包括工作的各个方面。harvest n. C收获，收获的季节 例如： have a good (bumper) harvest 取得丰收This years wheat harvest was good/poor. 今年小麦的收成很好/差。Farmers are very busy during the harvest. 在收获季节里，农民们很忙碌。the harvest of ones hard work 辛勤工作的成果harvest vt./vi. 例如：The farmers are harvesting (the corn.) 农民们正在收割（谷物）。harvester n. 收获者，收割机regard sb./sth. as+ n. / adj. 把看作 例如： I regard him as a fool.我将他视为傻子。 Many people regard hunting as cruel and inhuman. 很多人将打猎视为残忍无情。 近义词组regardas; consideras; think ofas; look uponas； viewasregards n. 问候 例如： Give your family my best regards. 祝您全家幸福。 regardas把看作 例如： Many people regard hunting as cruel and inhuman. 许多人认为打猎是残忍,非人道的事情。 look on ( upon ) as 把看作 think of as 把看作 例如： She looked on this affair as a joke. 她把这件事当作笑话。 He thinks of himself as a musician. 他认为自己是音乐家。backward adj. 落后的，迟钝的 例如： Foreigners used to regard China as a backward nation. 外国人过去将中国视为落后的民族。 He was a little bit backward; he was nearly three before he could walk. 他有些迟钝，差不多三岁才会走路。词组和短语： natural sources 自然资源make the best/good use of 充分利用 例如： I do hope you can make the best use of your stay in Sannan Senior High School throughout the whole three years. 我希望你能充分利用整整三年呆在Sannan高级中学的时间。 The first lesson for freshmen is how to make the best use of the school library. 新生的第一课是如何充分利用学校的图书馆。used to 过去常常 I used to play computer games after school. ( But I dont play computer games any more. ) She used to be thin. ( But she is heavy now. ) be used to do sth.被用来 例如： Wood is used to make desks. be used to n./doing sth.习惯于,例如:He is used to a vegetarian diet. She is used to taking a walk after supper.regardas把看作 例如： Many people regard hunting as cruel and inhuman. 许多人认为打猎是残忍,非人道的事情。 look on ( upon ) as 把看作 think of as 把看作 例如： She looked on this affair as a joke. 她把这件事当作笑话。 He thinks of himself as a musician. 他认为自己是音乐家。the introduction of sth.引进某物 例如： The introduction of tea into Britain changed the way of the British people.茶引进到英国后改变了英国人的生活方式。hold up 1)支撑，承受的重量 例如： The table was too weak to hold up the computer. 桌子不牢，无法承受电脑的重量。2) 用某人某事作为范例 例如： She is always holding up her children as models of behavior. 她总是标榜自己的孩子是良好品行的榜样。3)延误、阻碍 例如： A serious car accident held up the traffic for an hour this morning.今晨一场严重的交通事故阻碍了交通近一个小时。 Our flight was held up by fog. 我们的航班有雾延迟。重点句子 Blue agriculture farms fish or water plants in natural sources of water such as oceans or lakes.蓝色农业是把鱼或水生植物养殖在海洋或湖泊等自然资源中。 natural adj.自然的 farm vt. 养殖，经营农场业 例如： He is farming in Africa. 他在非洲经营农场。 They should farm the land instead of letting it lie waste. 他们应当在这块地里种庄稼, 不要让它荒了。 White agriculture is practised at Sunqiao Modern Agricultural Development Zone. 孙桥现代农业开发区实践白色农业。(用的被动语态)practice n. 例如： Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。zone n. The war zone 战区 24 time zones 24时区Sunqiao is both an experimental research facility and a business enterprise.孙桥既是实验研究基地，又是商业企业。 1）experiment n. do / perform / carry out / conduct an 2）facility提供特殊用途的场所 facilities设施 例如：a mental health facility精神病院 3）enterprise n.公司、企业 4）research n. 研究 (v. 研究) 例如: research on / into the causes of cancer 关于癌症诱因的研究 scientific research 科学研究 carry out / do research 实施研究 research assistants 研究的助手 research institute 研究所，研究院Reading 课文中译文农作物的颜色变化读一读这篇关于上海孙桥现代农业开发区的新闻报道。最近，农业开始变得色彩斑斓。“绿色农业”指在土地里耕种作物的传统农业。“蓝色农业”指把鱼和水生植物养殖在海洋火湖泊等自然资源中。最近出现的是“白色农业”。它正在上海孙桥现代农业开发区进行实践。有了白色农业，植物可以在水中种植。有时，沙子和小石头也被用来支撑这些植物。然而，它们都是无土栽培的。这些植物仅靠水和肥料的混合物提供营养。白色农业在土壤贫瘠的地方很有用，因为这种方法最大程度地利用了水和肥料。孙桥既是实验基地，又是商业企业。研究内容包括：使绿色农业获得更多的利润；找到在农业中不使用人造化学物的技术。孙桥也生产能使农作物收成更好的种子帮助农民。然而，孙桥最不寻常的地方在于其白色农业的研究。通过采用这项新技术，孙桥现代农业开发区已经成为中国农业发展最快的区域之一。孙桥现代农业开发区生产的种子和植物新品种已为16,000 多户农业家庭带来了经济利益。受到帮助的农户现在有了更好的收成。他们的生活发生了永久的改变。生活在城市里的人曾经以为从事农业是一项乏味和落后的工作。但现代化技术的引进，让孙桥变得著名起来。每星期大约有5,000 人前去参观孙桥开发区。看到孙桥无土栽培的蔬菜，他们都感到很惊讶。从事农业劳动变得令人兴奋并且高科技化。这里是技术和自然合作协调的地方。语法知识: 在定语从句中作主语和宾语的关系代词的用法1. 定语从句：定语：修饰名词和代词的句子成分。定语从句：修饰某一个名词和代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词两种。 关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose等；关系副词有when, where, why 等。 4. 关系词通常有下列三个作用：1) 引导定语从句 2）代替先行词 3）在定语从句中担当一个句子成分。 练习：找出下列各句中关系代词的作用：This is the film which I saw yesterday.Here are two pictures that are taken from the film.This is the film whose name is Titanic.Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film. 5. 指人时关系代词用who, that（作主语），whom, who, that（作宾语），whose（作定语）指物时关系代词用which, that （作主语），which, that（作宾语），whose（作定语）1) who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief2) whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3) which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder (which）he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?4) that 指人/物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man (that/who/whom) I told you about.5) whose 在定从中作定语,表所属关系,翻译为“他的/她的/它的”,用来代替 his, her, their, its.This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue. 这是那本封面是蓝色的书。Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq? Do you know the girl of whom the father died in Iraq? Do you know the girl the father of whom died in Iraq? 你认识那位她父亲在伊拉克死亡的女孩吗？whose指人也指物,指物时= of which,指人时 = of whom如何选择关系代词?who ,whom, whose, which, that 口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物；后看从句里, 有无主宾语练习：用适当的关系代词填空：1. This is the house _ was built last year2. The boy _ we saw yesterday was Johns brother.3. The car _ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.4. That is the man _ we were looking for.选择关系代词时要注意只用that 不用which 的八种规则：1.当先行词是不定代词,如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等,例如：All that can be done has been done. I didnt want this recorder; I want the one that was borrowed yesterday. We should do everything that is good for our studies.2.先行词(指物的)前面有only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时，例如： Theres no difficulty that we cant overcome.Ive read all the books that can be borrowed here. This is the very man that I want to see.3.先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时，例如： This is the first letter that Ive written in English. She is the most careful girl that Ive ever known. 4.当先行词既有人又有物时，例如： They talked about the people and places that they had visited.5.当先行词是系动词be后面表语,或关系词本身是从句的表语时，例如： Shanghai isnt the city that it used to be 60 years ago. He is no longer the man THAT he used to be.6.当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时，例如： Who is the man that is waiting at the school gate? Which is the car that ran over a dog yesterday? What did you see that made you so angry?7.当主句以There be结构开头时,或关系代词在there be结构中作实义主语,先行词为物,例如: There is a seat(主语) in the corner(先行词) that is still free. There are two books(主语) on history(先行词) that are for you. The 9.15 is the fastest train(there be结构的实义主语) that there has ever been.8.当先行词是基数词时,例如: Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.练习：We should do everything _ is good for our studies.You can take any seat _ is free.This is the only thing_ we can do.This is the first place _ I want to visit.This is the most interesting book _ I have ever read.We talked about the things and persons _ we were interested in.There is little _ I can do to make up for the lost time. Our school is no longer the place _ it used to be.This is the train by _ we went to Beijing.Football, _ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.Preposition + which Preposition + whom （介词+关系代词which 介词+关系代词whom） 【注意】：介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择。1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 Thats the newspaper for which I write articles.2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配， Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.注意:介词+关系代词中关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替.练习：Fill in the blanks with “prep.+ which/whom”:1. Are you interested in any songs _ _ youve listened.2. Tomorrow is a particular day _ _ his daughter will get married.3. This is the knife _ _ I usually cut bread.4. We cant live without the sun _ _ we get heat and light.5. The subject _ _ Eric is interested is physics.6. Do you know the girl _ _ our head teacher is shaking hands?7. I cant find my dictionary _ _ I paid over $100.8. This is the good car _ _ I spent all my money.9. She is the teacher _ _all his students show respect.10. The teacher _ _ you have been waiting is coming in a minute. More Reading 课文中译文平衡世界饮食东西方饮食差异是怎么样的？读一读杂志上这篇关于饮食新趋势的文章。在西方国家，体重问题、心脏病以及许多种癌症现在已经越来越普遍。在亚洲，此类健康问题不如在西方国家那么常见。亚洲人似乎比较长寿。他们的饮食可能可以解释为什么会有这些不同。亚洲人的饮食中一般有较少的肉类，有较多的乳制品。鸡蛋、鸡肉等每星期吃的次数较少，甜品只是少量的吃一点。以西方人相比，亚洲人吃大米饭和面条更多。大多数亚洲人的菜单上有卷心菜等的绿叶蔬菜。每天也几次新鲜水果。也经常用豆制品做菜。食用这么多种的食物帮助亚洲人保持身体健康。准备餐食的方法也不同。亚洲人烧菜大多用植物油。相比较，西方人更常用黄油做菜。然而，许多快餐餐馆、西方风格的饮食模式开始在亚洲越来越普及，使得东西方的饮食差异变得越来越小。一些有西方饮食习惯的亚洲人面临更多的疾病问题和体重问题。幸运的是，许多亚洲人意识到这一发展趋势，比以往更加关注他们的饮食。课后练习题.Grammar and Vocabulary1. You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre _ is open all your round. A. which B. whose C. what D. where2. A hundred years ago there was a hotel owner in Wales _ was fed up with(厌倦了) his business. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who3. The man _ told me this refused to tell us his name and mobile phone number. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose4. The man _ I brought the computer from doesnt own a shop. Which of the following pronouns is improper? A. whom B. whose C. who D. that 5. I saw something in the magazine _ might appeal(吸引) to you. A. who B. when C. where D. which 6. This is the pan(平锅) in _ I boiled the milk every day. A. that B. whose C. which D. where7. This is the most magnificent(宏伟) palace _ was build in the 1600s.A. which B. that C. where D. what 8. The man with _ I teravelled could speak fluent Spanish.A. that B. which C. whom D. whose9. The film is about a spy _ partner betrays (/bitrei/v.背叛,出卖) him.A. whose B. whom C. who D. ones 10. The letter and the little boy _ we had discovered disappeared A. which B. who C. whose D. that 11. There is nothing _ can prevent him from joining the army.A. which B. that C. who D. what12. He made the same mistake again, _ made his parents very upset.A. which B. that C. what D. why13. Very soon it began to _ that the studies were not progressing smoothly.A. involve B. appear C. experience D. nourish 14. Some people believe in private _, while others believe in government ownership of industry(政府所有的企业).A. industry B. agriculture C. enterprise D. facility15. It seems to me that much of her difficulties are _. A. economic B. economical C. economy D. economics16. These students major in(主修) chemistry. They like experimenting with new _.A. chemist B. chemistry C. chemicals D. chemical 17. To rebuild the canal(/knl/运河) will bring many _ to our national economy.A. nature B. mixture C. farming D.benefits18. Winning the game _ both skill and perseverance(坚定).A. nourishes B. involves C. proves D. shows19. Fat from animals include butter, _ food, egg yolks(蛋黄) and shellfish(贝类). Many of these fats are hard at room temperature. A. diary/dairi/ (日记) B. daily/deili/(日报) C. dairy/deri/ (奶制品) D. daisy/deizi/(雏菊) 20. Milk, especially from Mother, is all we need to _ a small baby.A. nourishment(n.) B. nourish(v.) C. nutrition(n.) D. nutritious(adj.) .Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases in their proper forms.account for(解释,说明) be aware of(知道,意识到) in contrast to(与形成对照) in comparison with(与比较起来) in moderation(适量) pay attention to regardas make use of hold up(支撑,承受) involve 1. When asked why he should have done that, the boy was unable to _ his mistake.2. Mud seemed to be the only thing that was _ the bridge _.3. The news was on TV but I wasnt really _ it.4. The lab is tiny but we _ all space available(适用). 5. Building this road _ the construction of many bridges. 6. Yao Ming _ the most successful Chinese player who was introduced into NBA.7. Some people think that smoking _ does no harm to health.8. The white figure stood out plainly(显然) _ the dark background.9. It was several minutes before I _ what was happening.10. _ metals, plastics have both advantages and disadvantages. Translations 1. 火车由于事故延误了一个小时。（hold up） _2. 在考试中你必须利用好时间。（make use of） _3. 他拿着一只装柠檬水的瓶子。（which） _4. 这个物品，尽管小，却证明很好用。（prove） _5. 听到获得一等奖，她的脸上出现了微笑。（appear）. ClozeHealthy eating tip: Set yourself up(使你自己更健康) for successTo set yourself up for success, think about planning a healthy diet as a number of small, manageable(容易做到的) steps rather than one _1_ drastic(激烈的) change. If you approach(接近) the changes gradually(逐步地) and with commitment(承诺), you will have a healthy diet sooner than you think.Simplify Instead of being overly concerned with(过于关心) calories or _2_ portion sizes, think of your diet in terms of color, variety and freshness(在色彩、种类和新鲜度方面) then it should be easier to _3_ healthy choices. Focus on finding foods you love and easy recipes(/resipiz/ n.食谱) that incorporate(包含) a few fresh ingredients(组分), _4_, your diet will become healthier and more delicious.Start slow and make changes to your eating habits over time(随着时间的过去). Trying to make your diet healthy overnight(突然) isnt _5_ or smart. Changing everything at once usually _6_ cheating(作弊) or giving up on your new eating pl
展开阅读全文