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八上英语1,2单元串讲要学什么1.频率副词2.should的用法3.重点词,句型辨析4.词语的基本构成有什么用1.每一个单元的重点词,词组,句型都会是以后考试的常考点,现在认真掌握好,以后就是得分点,反之亦然,能够从每一个单元的学习中归纳出重点知识的学习技巧,也是高效学习的基本能力。2.频率副词属于最基本的常用词,出现在任何英语环境中:日常对话,工作报告,考试的各类题型。它们就像工具箱里的必备工具,是不能或缺的3.should这个情态动词从现在开始,将在考试中频繁出现,相关知识句型也是考试常考点,在完形填空,阅读中也会以内容出现,不掌握,这就是一个很大的丢分点。4.词语基本构成,是一个本身复杂但能够简单理解的概念。了解一个词的构成,分析一个词的含义,是提高英语水平,提升解题效率的重要途径。往往被学生忽视,这里,不做硬性要求全部掌握,但希望能够从中了解到词汇的基本概念。切入正题八上英语1,2单元围绕频率和疾病,引入了日常生活中的一些英语知识。额外地,1单元对词语辨析较为着重,多种近义词容易混淆,2单元重点在相关词语的句型,着重的并非单个词语本身,而是其句型和使用方法。一频率副词频率顾名思义,表示事情发生频率的多少,或者说事件在固定周期内发生次数的多少。1单元中,我们学到的有always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,never,当然,也学习了once,twice这样表示频率的副词。always,表示所有场合下,任意时间内,没有特例,即“总是”。是最高频率,无一例外100%。比如,我们每天都会把作业交给老师:We always hand in our homework to the teacher everyday。交作业,每日无一例外地进行。usually,表示在习俗,习惯,个人经验前提下,有一定的固定性,即“通常,按某种规律来说的话”。usually这个词频率也相当的高,仅低于always,所以它不是100%,会因为特殊因素产生例外。比如,汤姆习惯早起,但因为生病了,所以中午才起床:Tom usually gets up early every morning,but today he was ill,so he didnt get up until noon。再举一个例子,在某个节日,通常会有庆典,当然如果天气不好,就只能取消:On this festival,we usually hold a ceremony to celebrate,but if the weather is bad,we can only cancel it.又如,在这种情况下,医生首先会选择输血:In this situation doctors usually have a blood transfusion first.医生依靠经验,使用usually。often,比较广泛,就是“常常,经常”。比always,usually的频率要低,因为即不是100%的无一例外,也没有固定性,仅仅是经常,次数较多,但也占了一半以上的可能性。He often goes to the library after school.他经常放学去哪个图书馆,这里,仅仅只是说他去得多,不一定是习惯,也许只是因为要考试备考,等考完了也许他就不去了,注意和usually区分。She often visits her mom on summer vacation.她经常在暑假去拜访她妈妈,同样地,并不是习惯或习俗,只是次数多,因为放假。也许假期结束了,没时间了就不去了。sometimes,表示“偶尔,有时”。广泛意义的频率较低,容易理解。举例,他回家的路上有时会喝点东西。He sometimes drinks some thing on his way home.他偶尔和弟弟在后院玩玩。He sometimes play with his brother in the backyard. hardly,表示“几乎不”,频率几乎为零,极小几率发生。举例,他上学时几乎没写过作业。He hardly did his homework when he was a student.我几乎不穿红色的鞋子,I hardly wear red shoes.never,与always相反,表示“从不,从未”。频率一定是0%。这里很好说明了:他睡觉从不关窗户,He never closes the windows when he is sleeping.他在课堂上从未大声喊叫过,He never shouts loud in class。以上频率副词,频率依次递减,从100%到0%。需要注意的是,以上副词,置于句子前端,在动词,be动词之前,或情态动词后。Kane is never late for school.Tracy was always outgoing when she was young.We should never lie to the teachers.二Should的用法should,意思是“应当,应该”。某些场合下,含有命令的意味。对于should这样的情态动词,不会因为人称改变而改变形式,只需注意,should不能作为句子中充当动作的成分。Should有三种用法,分别为表示责任义务,推断,建议。举例:表示责任义务时可以说You should help the old man,he cant carry the luggage.你应当去帮那个老先生,他搬不动行李。(帮助老人是社会责任)表示推断可以说Billy should be at school today,its Monday。今天星期一,比利应该在上学。(根据时间进行推断)表示建议的时候可以说I think you should say sorry to the kid,its not his fault.我觉得你应该向那个小孩道歉,这不是他的过错。(劝告他道歉)注意,做答语时,句子可以没有动词,只有should这个情态动词,请看:-Do you think I should leave now?-No,you shouldnt。三重点词,句型辨析1. hard hardlyhard可以做形容词,表示困难的,不好完成的,坚硬的,做副词是努力地,用力地。hardly只有副词形式,不可做形容词,表示几乎不,几乎没可能。He was hit hard by the car.他被车猛烈撞到。hard-adv.Dan always works hard.丹总是奋力工作。Hard-adv.It is a hard task for us.这对于我们来说是个艰巨的任务。hard-adj.Do you think the bread is kind of hard?你不觉得面包有点硬吗?hard-adj.He can hardly speak Japanese.他几乎不会说日语。(只会一丁点儿)There is hardly any water in the cup。杯子里几乎没水了。2. sometimes,sometime,some times,some time。这4个不难区分,注意中间是否有空格。没空格的是词,sometimes,有时,偶尔;sometime,某个时间点,某时。而又空格的是词组,some times,某几次,有几次,几倍;some time,某一段时间。我们现在分别造句:sometimes: I sometimes watch TV at home.sometime: Dont lock the door,your dad will be back sometime today.some times:He came to my house some times this fall.some time: Caroline stayed at her sisters for some time yesterday.3. trytry,本身含义是尝试,其句型,词组有try to do sth,try not to do sth 尽量(努力)去做某事,尽量不做某事 【一定要尽力】try doing sth 尝试做某事 【可以浅尝辄止】try out试验出,通过实验得出try on 试穿衣服,鞋子4. althoughalthough与though,even though意思用法相近,表示“虽然”。但是不像汉语中,会有“但是”跟着在句中出现,即不能在句子后面加上but。但可以使用still,yet。比如,要表达“虽然他刻苦学习日语,但是还是只能说一点儿日语”,可以说Although he studied hard at Japanese,he can hardly speak it.(只使用although)Although he studied hard at Japanese,yet he cant speak it.(搭配yet)Although he studied hard at Japanese,he can still hardly speak it.(搭配 still)千万记住,不要写出although.but.这样的结构,是错误的!5. must,need,have tomust表示主观需要,need表示客观要求,mustnt表示不准,禁止,neednt表示不必,不需要have to是“不得不”I must finish my homework or my dad will be angry.我得把作业写完,不然老爸就生气了。(自己知道要写完,不然就完了)I need to drink some thing,Im so thirsty!(太渴了,生理需求必须喝水)You mustnt smoke here,sir。(禁止吸烟,没得商量)Tore neednt to buy a pen,you see,I have one.(没那个必要)I have to go,its too late.(太晚了,不得不走)6. 描述身体不适持续的疼痛:ache 头疼headache,胃疼stomachache,背疼backache 身体部位+aches/ache 身体部位+hurts/hurt have a pain in/on+身体部位(pain也可以说是精神上的痛楚)炎症或感染的疼痛:sorehave a sore+身体部位不清楚具体状况,但知道不对劲There is something wrong with my+身体部位.7. lielie,有2个意思,一是躺,二是撒谎。区别看表意思原型过去式过去分词进行时躺lielaylainlying撒谎lieliedliedlying很明显地,在过去式和过去分词,两个意思的形式就不同了,注意区分,不要混淆。8. a little,little,a few,few首先要明确,little这边的是修饰不可数名词的,而few这边是修饰可数名词。a little 有一点儿(不可数的)There is a little juice in the bottle.little 几乎没有(不可数的)I have little money with myself.a few 有一点儿(可数的)A few people like this kind of music. few 几乎没有(可数的)I think few students can solve this problem.9. listen,listen to,hearlisten是听的动作,比如Listen!He is singing in the classroom.listen to,是去听,有目标性,比如I often listened to the radio when I was a child.hear是听到,听见,强调结果,比如Can you hear me,Cammy?相对地,分析一下search,search for,find;look,look at,see10.hope,wishhope有很大希望能够达成,或者非常想要达成且可以达成的含义,而wish可以使祝愿,祝福,或者通过虚拟语气表示不可能达成的愿望。hope sohope to do sthhope that.wish sb to do sthwish sb sthwish to do sthwish that.两点需要注意,第一 hope没有hope sb to do sth这个句型,是错误的,第二 wish that.描述的是虚拟语气下不可能达成的愿望,比如I wish that I could play such moving music.四词语的基本构成英语中,词语的含义有两层,一层是基本含义,即字面意思,第二层是指示含义,即衍生出来的词义。我们拿interesting这个词来看,基本含义就是有趣的,造句 The story is interesting,I like it!但是,如果是The story is interesting,I almost fall asleep!这句中,就不再是基本含义,而是讽刺无聊,枯燥。同样的,little这个词,基本含义是小的,几乎没有,拿小的这个来看,如果说This is a little town.那么这里不仅仅说镇子小,也带有喜爱的含义。总体来说,就是一个词首先有一个基本含义,然后在不同的环境下衍生出不同的指示含义。比如kill,play。很多词,你会发现就像一个系列,比如care,careful,careless,carefully,carefulness,carelessness。这里就要说到“词根”这个概念。刚才那组词,词根就是care。以care为中心,加上不同前缀,后缀,就构成了以上那组词。常见的否定前缀un-,dis-,in-,im-,ir-常见否定后缀-less活学活用一.写句子1. 他习惯每天喝三杯水。2. Jimmy总是帮助那些需要帮助的人。3. 这种玩具偶尔会打折。4. 他几乎不坐公交上班,他通常都走路上班。5. Rufus经常开他的弟弟的玩笑。6. 他昨天来我家几次了。7. 我也许会在这里待一段时间。8. 他明天某个时间给你买礼物的。9. 我想试试学做饭。10.为什么不努力解决这个问题?11.已经很晚了,你应该休息了。12.我们在阅读,禁止喧哗。13.妈妈今早买了苹果,你不用去商店了。14.医生,我眼睛疼,背也疼,而且我还觉得我的双手有点不对劲。15.虽然Gilbert先生不善歌唱,但是他的画十分漂亮。二单项选择1. Kim always lie to me,so I _ believe him.A completely B sometimes C hardly D often2. As _ English study,I think you should take more notes.A to B forC about D with 3. Smoking is _ for your health.A goodB wellC badD easy4. Can you help me? The problem is _ hard to solve.A much too B too much C too many D much5. _ people will go to that restaurant,the food there is bad.A ManyB Some C A few D Few6. Would you like some more tea?-OK, but only _.A a few B a little C few D little7. There is _ money in the drawer.A a lot of B many C much too D a few8. I _ he crying,lets go to see what happened.A listen B listen to C to listen D hear三推测词语含义1. incomplete2.unlike 3.dislike 4.impossible 5.impolite6.disagree 7.unpopular 8.undo9.kindless10.useless
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