七年级下册英语Unit.doc

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Unit 12 Dont eat in class.一短语 rule 规则 ( rules ) hallway 走廊过道 classroom 教室 fight 打架争吵 Ms 女士 outside 外面的在外部的 dining 进餐吃饭 hall 大厅礼堂 have to 不得不必须 else 其他的别的1. in class 在课上2. on school nights 在上学的晚上 3. school/family/class/dining/library rules 校规/家规/班规/图书馆规则4. no talking 禁止交谈 No school bags! No food! No wet umbrellas No listening to music!5. listen to music 听音乐6. have to 不得不7. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步 8. eat outside 在外面吃饭 9. in the hallway 在走廊上10. wear a uniform 穿制服11. arrive late for class 上学迟到12. after school 放学后13. practice the guitar 练习弹吉它 14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面16. by ten oclock.十点之前17. be in bed 在床上 18. the Childrens Palace 少年宫19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭20. keep the rules 遵守规则21. break the rules 违反规则22. dining hall二重点句型1. Dont arrive late for schoolDont be late for school 2. Dont fight. 3. Dont listen to music in the classroom. 4. Dont run in the hallways. 5. Dont smoke .Its bad for your health.6. Dont play cards in school. 7. Dont talk in class 8. Dont watch TV on school nights. 9. Dont sleep in class. 10. Dont play sports in the classrooms.11. Dont sing songs at night. 12. Dont talk when you eat. 13. Dont wear hats in class. 14. Do homework by 10:00.15. Clean your house! 16. Make the bed.17. Can we ? Yes, we can. No, we cant.Eg: Can we arrive late for class? No, we cant. We cant arrive late for class.18. Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.19I have to be in bed by ten oclock. No parking!20Can you go out tonight? No, I cant.21. What rules are they breaking?三 重难点解析:1. 情态动词have to 的用法,意思是必须、不得不,它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。(1)结构:主语have to动词原形其他(一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用has to;句子是过去时,用had to.)如:We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上,我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一,我不得不早上5点起床。(2)否定形式:主语dont have to动词原形其他(一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用doesnt have to. 句子是过去时,用didnt have to)如:Nick doesnt have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didnt have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。(3)疑问句:Do (Does或Did)主语have to 动词原形其他如:Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗?Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 是的,我必须。不,我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚,他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗? 2. 情态动词can的用法(1)表示能力,会能(在第一册中已经学习这种用法)Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗?Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。(2)表示允许、许可,可以、能(在这一课中新学的词义)Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗?We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗?注意 同样是情态动词,can 和have to 的用法是有区别的,和大部分情态动词一样,can在否定句中,直接在can后加上not,在疑问句中,把can放到主语前面,并且没有人称和数的变化。 3. hear,listen和sound都有听的意思,但三者是有区别的。(1)hear听说,侧重于听的内容Im sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了,我很难过。I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。(2)listen听侧重于听这一动作。Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。(3)sound听起来,它是系动词,后面接形容词等。That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。. be in bed 在床上、卧床in 和bed之间不能用冠词,bed也不用复数。He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。. arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近,迟到Dont arrive (be)late for school. 上学别迟到。I arrived (was)late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。. No talking ! 禁止交谈!no后面加上名词或动名词(doing)也表示不要做某事。与dont +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Dont put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞!No food! Dont eat food here! 禁止吃食物!No smoking! Dont smoke here! 禁止吸烟!8.Too many “太多” +可数名词复数形式 He has too many dogs.他养了太多的狗。Too much“太多”+不可数名词 We have too much homework everyday.我们每天有太多的家庭作业。9语法(祈使句)祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子,这类句子的主语常是第二人称you,也就是听话者,因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。如:Look out! 小心!Wait here for me! 在这等我!Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里!祈使句的否定形式多以do not(常缩写成dont)开头,再加上动词原形。Dont arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。Dont fight! 别打架!Dont look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。祈使句分肯定及否定两种形式。以动词原形开头的为肯定式,以Dont开头的为否定式。如:Look at the picture.(肯定)Dont look at me.(否定) 为了表达委婉的语气,可在祈使句的开头或末尾加please。如: Please give me a hand. Dont tell it to anyone else, please. 由以上可知,祈使句为表示命令,请求等的句子。四Key Points:(重点难点解析) 1. arrive, reach, get 以上三词均可表示“到达、抵达”之意,但用法不同。arrive后接at(小地方)或in(大地方城市、国家)reach直接连“某地”,get加to后再接某地。如: I arrived in Beijing yesterday. They reached the Great Wall by bus. How can I get to the TV station? 若要表示“到家/这儿/那儿”时,用arrive / reach / get均可。即:arrive / reach / get home / here / there2. in class和in the class in class表示“在上课”,而in the class表示“在班上”。 Dont talk in class.上课时不要谈话。 There are 40 students in the class.这个班有40位学生。 类似的短语还有: 3. have to和must must表示“必须、应该”,是从主观出发的,同时must意味着一种“责任”与“义务”。如: We must help our parents do some housework. have to“必须”“不得不”,常表示受外界环境、条件所迫要做的事。如: There is nothing in the fridge. I have to go shopping now.4. else其他的 else表示“其他的,此外”,常被置于特殊疑问句、不定代词之后。如: Do you have anything else to say? Where else did you do?5. Ms女士 英语中表示“先生、女士”的词有Sir, Madam, Mr, Mrs, Ms, Miss等。一般地,Mr指“先生”,已婚或未婚,Mrs指“女士、夫人”,为已婚妇女。Ms指“女士”,指婚姻状态不明的女士,Miss指“小组”,为未婚女士的称呼。 以上称呼后可接“姓氏”(family name)Sir先生,泛指不认识的男性,或专称或讽刺,Madam泛指不认识的女性,表示“夫人、太太”。Sir和Madam后不能接姓氏名词。重难点解析1、 Dont eat in class. 上课不要吃东西。in class介词短语,意思是“在课堂上,上课时”,反义词为after class,意思是“下课后,在课下”。例如We should listen to our teacher carefully in class.在课堂上我们应该认真听老师讲课。The students often play games in school yard after class.下课后,学生们经常在校园里做游戏。注意:in class与in the class的区别。in the class指在这/那个班;而in class 指在课堂上。例如:There are 45 students in the class.这个班里有45个学生。Dont talk in class.上课时不要说话。2、Which rules are these students breaking?这些学生违反了哪些规定?(1)这是由疑问代词which引导的特殊疑问句。which在本句中是疑问形容词,它还可以做疑问代词,意为“哪个,哪一个,哪一些。”有时与of短语连用。试比较:Which is your book?哪一本是你的书?(疑问代词)Which sport do you like best?你最喜欢哪种运动?(疑问形容词)Which用作疑问代词时可以单独使用,用作疑问形容词时后面必须接名词,两种情况经过变化后可以互换使用。例如:Which hat is your sisters? = Which is your sisters hat?哪顶帽子是你姐姐的?(2)句中break是动词,意为“破坏,打破,打碎”等。break作名词时,意为“休息,间断,中间”等。例如:The boy often breaks school rules.那个男孩经常违反学校规定。(动词)He broke his leg.他摔断了腿。(动词)Lets take a ten-minute break.让我们休息十分钟吧。(名词)3、 Can you wear hats in school?在学校你们能戴帽子吗?(1)can与be able to的区别can情态动词,意思是“能,会”, 表示做某事的能力或允许。其否定形式为cant,过去式是could, couldnt。没有将来时和完成时。例如:Can you draw a horse? 你会画马吗?I could sing English songs when I was 7 years old.当我七岁的时候我就会唱英文歌了。be able to表示经过努力且又达到目的时,多用be able to,可用于将来时、完成时和过去时。例如:I will be able to become a successful basket player. 我会成为一名成功的篮球运动员的。(2)wear与put on, be inwear动词,意为“穿着,戴着”,表状态。put on动词短语,意为“穿上”,强调动作。be in + 衣服 / 颜色,表状态。例如:She wears a white dress today. 她今天穿着白色服装。He is in blue / a blue coat.他穿着一件蓝色外衣。Please put on your coat when you go out.当你外出时穿上你的外套。4、John, you have to wear sports shoes for gym class.约翰,你必须穿运动鞋上体育课。have to与must的区别:(1)表达意见上的差异:must表说话人的主观意图和要求,相当于汉语中的“必须”。have(has) to表示由于外部环境、情况习惯等的客观需要,相当于汉语中的“不得不”。例如:I must do my homework now.我现在必须做作业。(主观意愿)Its raining all day, so I have to stay at home.整天都在下雨,所以我不得不呆在家里。(外部环境所迫)(2)在否定句和疑问句中,have to须借助于助动词do的相关形式,而must则直接用mustnt或将must提前。例如:Your brother doesnt have to do that now.你弟弟不必现在就做那件事。Must you go right now?你现在必须走吗?(3)must不能与其它助动词will,shall等连用,因此这种情况下要用have to。must没有过去式,因此表示过去是要用had to(had to表示过去必须做,且做到了)。例如:Will they have to meet in the school?他们必须在学校里集合吗?(不能用must)He had to get up early to catch the bus that day.他那天不得不早起赶公共汽车。(不能用must)
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