中考英语 第三轮 中考题型聚焦 第39讲 阅读理解课件.ppt

第39讲阅读理解 在近3年辽宁各地市的中考试题中 阅读理解大多数地方均为4篇 在形式上以选择型 4选1 为主要类型 并且大部分地区都会涉及一定量的图画或表格 以增强试题的趣味性 各地话题涉及广泛 文体以记叙文和说明文为主 少量涉及议论文 词数均在200左右 记叙文的话题以故事类为主 包括教育故事 情感故事 哲理故事等 以道德教育为目的 每年至少有2篇涉及该话题 约占阅读理解所有考查话题的50 预计2017年仍会涉及该话题 广告图表类阅读理解的考查约占阅读理解所有考查话题的25 这类话题一方面增加了试题的趣味性 另一方面贴近生活实际 能教会学生一些英语在生活中的运用 分析近三年辽宁试题可知 广告图表类涉及较多的是3 4组不同的小广告或图表组合 也会偶尔涉及某一个海报或某一则信息 所涉及的内容多贴近人们的社会生活 或是一些奇闻轶事 预计2017年仍会涉及该形式 说明文以介绍类为主 包括饮食健康 咨询建议 文化风俗 科普知识 社会热点 人物介绍 广告信息等 内容涉及广泛 以了解知识为目的 每年中考试题中至少有1篇涉及该话题 约占阅读理解所有考查话题的25 预计2017年仍会涉及该话题 中考英语 阅读理解 题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力 很多同学在做题时常常有一种 读得懂做不对 的感觉 那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看 短文体裁多样 题材各异 文章涉及科学知识 社会文化 政治历史 人文环境和日常生活等方面 充分体现其时代性 实用性 短文难度逐年加大 常见考查点有主旨大意题 细节理解题 推理判断题 词义猜测题 做阅读理解练习应先看问题 弄清考点 在阅读短文之前 快速浏览问题 以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数 快速 准确地捕捉所需信息 其次要注意先易后难 做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序 应遵循先易后难的原则 如可先做细节题再做推断题 因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案 而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解 再作判断 一 主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章主题思想的领会和理解能力 在解答此类题目时 不能仅凭文中的只言片语断章取义 涉及文章的标题 结论等有关问题 都要在细读全文的基础上 结合所学知识进行逻辑推理判断 从而获取文章中的内在信息 短文往往回绕主题句展开 主题句通常出现在短文的第一句或最后一句 各段的主题句通常出现在各段的首句 主旨大意题主要的设问方式有 What sthemainideaofthispassage Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss Thewritermeanstotellusthat Themainideaofthepassageisthat Thepassageismainlyabout Fromthepassagewecanlearn concludethat Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith What sthebesttitleforthepassage Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage Thebesttitleforthepassageis 二 细节理解题细节理解题要注意同义不同句 利用题目的关键词 多为人名 地名 数字及其他专有名词 寻找文中对应词 在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案 对号入座 这类试题是针对文章中的细节而设计的 细节题在阅读理解中占比重很大 阅读时要特别注意以下几点 首先 阅读时利用这类关键词和词组thatistosay aboveall especially mainly等 把握文章的思路和脉络 另外 在问题的选项中表示绝对意义的词least 最不 always 总是 never 永不 all 所有 none 一个也不 any 任何 和表示唯一性的词汇only 只有 just 仅仅 往往是命题的陷阱 因此要多加注意 其次 必须以原文提供的事实 细节和逻辑关系为依据 切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点 看法混为一谈 最后 文章中的数字 日期 时间都是设题的重点 此类题目很少是文章中直接列出的数字或日期 通常需要做简单的计算 细节理解类题目常见的设问方式有 Whichofthefollowingistrue false mentioned Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue falseexcept Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof 例1 2016 铁岭 Itwasasummerday alittleleafwascryingsadly What swrong littleleaf thetreeasked It sthewind saidthelittleleaf hejusttoldmethathewouldthrowmeonthegroundtodieoneday Don tbeafraid baby thetreesaid justholdonme andyouwon tleavemeuntilyouareready Sothelittleleafstoppedcrying andwentonsinginganddancing Shegrewhappilyallthesummer Whenautumncame thelittleleafsawalltheleavesaroundhergrowingverybeautiful Somewereyellow somewerebrown andothersturnedintodifferentcolors Thenthelittleleafaskedthetreewhatthismeant Thetreesaid Alltheseleavesaregettingreadytoflyaway andtheyhaveputonthesecolorfulclothestowelcometheirnewlives Afterhearingthewords thelittleleafbegantopreparetoleavelikeothers However shesawthatthetreehadnobrightcolors Sothelittleleafasked Oh bigtree Whyareyougreywhileweareallbeautiful It sthecolorofourworkingclothes saidthetreekindly Wemustweartheclothesbecausewehaven tfinishedourwork butyourclothesareforholidaysbecauseyourtaskisnowover Justthenawindcameandtookthelittleleafaway Sheflewhappilyintheskyandexpectedhernewtrip 文章大意 本文是一篇哲理故事 文章通过叶子和大树之间的对话 旨在告诉我们奉献的意义 1 Thelittleleafwastold wouldthrowheronthegroundtodie A thewindB thetreeC theotherleavesD thesky 解析 细节理解题 从第二段首句可知 叶子告诉大树 风会把它刮到地上 直至死亡 答案 A 2 Alltheleaves whentheyweregettingreadytoflyaway A turnedgreyB putoncolorfulclothesC criedsadlyD sanganddancedhappily 解析 细节理解题 从第四段 Alltheseleavesaregettingreadytoflyaway andtheyhaveputonthesecolorfulclothestowelcometheirnewlives 可知叶子们在要飞走的时候 都穿上了五颜六色的衣服 答案 B 3 Whenthelittleleafwasgettingreadytoleave shefound A thetreebecamemorebeautifulB theotherleaveswerecryingC sheherselfturnedyellowD thetreehadnobrightcolors 解析 细节理解题 从第六段 However shesawthatthetreehadnobrightcolors 可知 在叶子准备飞走的时候 她发现大树没有鲜艳的颜色 答案 D 4 Attheendofthestory wecanknowthelittleleaf A wassadtoleaveB washappytoflyawayC grewmorebeautifulD stillgrewonthetree 解析 细节理解题 从最后一段 Justthenawindcameandtookthelittleleafaway Sheflewhappilyintheskyandexpectedhernewtrip 可知 叶子高兴地在天空中飞翔 并且期待着她的新旅行 答案 B 5 Thepassageismainlyabout A asummerdayB acruelwindC alittleleafD abigtree 解析 主旨大意题 文章通过对叶子前后变化告诉我们奉献的伟大之处 答案 C Atmyprimaryschool Iwasoneofthesmartestkidsthere Ineverstudied butalwaysgotperfectscores IthoughtIwasbornclever AtleastIbelievedso Iwasalsoa prodigyinmusicaccordingtomyself Icouldsingbetterthanalmosteveryoneelseinmyschool IwasprettysurethatonceIgottosixthgrade everyonewouldbesurprisedbyme Butactually theyweren t WhenIarrivedatmynewclass Icouldn twaittoshoweveryonewhatIcoulddo However therewasalwayssomeoneelsewhocoulddothembetter Mygradesbegantosuffer Moretalented 有天资的 girlsoftensangsolo 独唱 IbelievedIwasn tsmart IbelievedIwasn ttalented IbelievedIwasafailure Overthenexttwoyears Ihadtoworkveryhard Everyprizeforthesingingcompetitionwasgiventomeforhardworkandeffort Gradeswerestillverylowbutimprovinglittlebylittle Iworkedreallyhard However Iwasneverthebestateverything Ihaven trealizeduntilrecentlythatIreallydon thavetobethebestateverything Iwastoohardonmyself Infact whenIdidbadlyinatest myclassmatesneverlaughedatme Nooneisperfect Therewillprobablyalwaysbesomeonebetterthanmeatsomething Anyway thereareaboutsevenbillionpeopleinthisworld Iwillneverbethenumberoneateverything andthat sreallyokay 1 Whatdoes aprodigy probablymeaninEnglish A Asmartkid B Acrazyfan C Acommonchild D Alazygirl 2 Whenthewriterwasatthenewclass A shelostherinterestinmusicB shehaddifficultyinlearningC shesurprisedeveryoneinsolosD shegotseparatedfromfriends 3 Whathappenedtothewriterduringthenexttwoyears A Shewonmanyprizeswithoutanyeffort B Shefoundthebestwaytobecomeperfect C Shegaveuptryingbecauseofthelowscores D Shefailedtobeperfectthoughsheworkedhard 4 Whathasthewriterrealizedrecently A Thereisnosuccesswithouteffort B Beingtalentedisthekeytosuccess C Don texpecttoomuchofyourself D It snotnecessarytocareabouttheresult 5 Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage A WhenIwasn tperfectB MypastlifeasayounggirlC Hardworkdoesn tworkD Whattodowhenyou renotperfect1 5 ABDCD 三 推理判断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型 主要考查学生的理解力和推断力 这类推断通常包括 数据事实推断 常识推断以及作者的写作目的 态度和倾向等的推断 做此类题时 应根据短文中的相关语句 对与事实有关的细节加以分析 找出线索 悟出字里行间的意思 反复比较 从而作出合乎逻辑的判断 推理判断题主要的设问方式有 Itcanbeinferred concluded seenfromthepassagethat Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage Thewritersuggeststhat Thewriterusestheexampleof toshowthat What sthewriter sattitudetoward What sthewriter spurposeofwritingthepassage Fromthepassage weknow Thewriterprobablyagreesthat 四 词义猜测题词义猜测题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力 一般情况下 推断词义的题目中所出现的单词 大多数是学生未曾见过的生词 学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索 通过阅读上下文 断定该词的真正含义 然后将这个释义代入文中 检查是否贴切 仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义 词义猜测题主要的设问方式有 What sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword phrase inChinese Theunderlinedword refersto probablymeans Theunderlinedword couldbereplacedby Whatisthemeaningof Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword 例2 2016 营口 Headteacher teachers grandparents parentsandclassmates I mveryproudthatIhavebeenchosentospeaktoyoualltoday I mabitnervousasI venevermadeaspeechbeforetosomanypeople butI lltrymybest Asweallknow thisistheschoolleavers party andit stimetosaygoodbyetoeveryone We resorrytoleaveyouattheendofourjuniorhighschooleducation andwepromisethatwe llneverforgetthehappytimeswehavespentinthesebuildingswithyouall I dliketothankthreegroupsofpeopleforthethreethingsI velearntwhileI vebeenapupilatourschool Thethreethingsarefriendship loveandknowledge Thefirstgroupismyfriends andwhatI velearntistheimportanceoffriendship We veworkedhardtogether we veevensharedsomedifficulttimestogether butwe vealsohadalotoffun Manyofuswillgotonewschoolsandwemaynotseeeachothersoofteninthefuture Otherswillgoontoseniorhighschoolandcontinuetheirclosefriendship Butfriendsdon thavetoseeeachotherallthetime Sometimesthefriendsyoutreasuremostarethefriendsyouseelessoften Alifewithoutoldfriendsislikeadaywithoutsunshine We llalwaysstayintouch Thesecondgroupisourparentsandgrandparents Wethankyoufortheloveyouhaveshownusduringouryearsatjuniorhighschool formakingahomewherewefeelbothsafeandrelaxed andwherewecanprepareourselvesforourschooldays Wealsothankyouforyourhelpwithourhomework Andfinally thethirdgroupisourteachers Wecanneverpayyoubackforyourkindness yourpatience andthegiftofknowledgewhichyouhaveofferedus sometimesyou vemadeusworkveryhard Butyouhavealwaysbeenfairandyou llalwaysbeourrolemodels There sasayingfromlrelandwhichisafavoriteofmine Strangersareonlyfriendsyouhaven tmetyet Icouldn tsayitbettermyself Sofromthebottomofmyheart Ithankyouallandwishyousuccessinthefuture 文章大意 本文是一篇演讲稿 作者主要介绍了自己在校期间的三样收获 友谊 爱和知识 流露出作者对学校生活的不舍之情 1 madethespeech A AteacherB AstudentC AparentD Amanager 解析 细节理解题 从文章首句可推知 本文是一个学生的演讲稿 答案 B 2 Thespeakersaysthankstomanypeopleexcept A parentsB friendsC teachersD astronauts 解析 细节理解题 从文章四五六段首句可推知 作者在这篇演讲稿里分别表达了对朋友 父母和祖父母及老师的感恩之情 答案 D 3 Theunderlinedword treasure means inChineseaccordingtothepassage A 财富B 珍藏C 珍惜D 宝藏 解析 词义猜测题 根据文章第四段第五 六句 Butfriendsdon thavetoseeeachotherallthetime Sometimesthefriendsyoutreasuremostarethefriendsyouseelessoften 可知朋友并不用一直待在一起 有时候你最珍惜的朋友 反而 是你见的次数较少的 答案 C 4 Wheredoyouthinkthisspeechismade A Inaschool B Inahospital C Inafactory D Athome 解析 推理判断题 这篇文章是一位学生写的 因此最有可能是在学校完成的 答案 A 5 Whatcanweknowaccordingtothespeech A Iffriendsdon tseeeachotherallthetime theywillbestrangers B Parentscan thelpuswithourhomework C Wecanpayteachersbackoneday D Studentscanlearnfriendship loveandknowledgeatschool 解析 推理判断题 根据文章第四段第五 六句 Butfriendsdon thavetoseeeachotherallthetime Sometimesthefriendsyoutreasuremostarethefriendsyouseelessoften 可知A项表述错误 根据文章第五段最后一句 Wealsothankyouforyourhelpwithourhomework 可知B项表述错误 根据文章倒数第二段第二句 Wecanneverpayyoubackforyourkindness 可知C项表述错误 根据文章第三段最后一句 Thethreethingsarefriendship loveandknowledge 可知D项表述正确 答案 D 2016 朝阳 EverytimewhenIfeltupsetorsick IlikedtogotoaspecialplacewhereIcouldrelaxmyself Itistheclub Ijoinedtheclub3yearsago Mysisterrecommendedthisplacetome TheytoldmethatIcouldfindlotsoffunthere It snearmyhouseandourhospital Iusuallystayedtherefor2or3hoursandwenthome IlovedtheclubbecauseIfeltcomfortablethere Theclubonlyallowedwomentobemembers Ididn tworryaboutmyprivacy Theclubwasthebiggestwomen sclubinmycountrywheretherewasalotofspacetodothedifferentactivities Youcouldseeabeautifulwarmwaterpool Youcouldfindmanybigroomsbehindthepool Therewasacoldroom anexerciseroom anMTVcenter amassagecenter andtworestaurants Everyoneknewworkinginthehospitalhadmanystresses Ineededtofindawaytorelaxmyself It sthebestchoiceforme Ioftentookashowerfirstandthenswamfor20minutestorelaxmyself WhenIfinishedtheexercise Ilikedtowatchavideoandtakeashortsleep Althoughitcostsalotofmoneytobeaclubmember IhopeIcanjointheclubagainafterIcomebacktomycountry 1 Theunderlinedwordmeans inChinese A 购买B 推荐C 宣传D 说明2 Thewriterwantedto whenshewenttotheclub A makefriendsB learnsingingC relaxherselfD beavolunteer 3 What sthecorrectordertothewriter sactivities watchavideo takeashower takeashortsleep swiminthewarmpoolA B C D 4 Whatcan tyoudointheclub A Doexercise B Getamessageservice C Buyclothes D Swiminthepool 5 WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A Youcaneatmealsintheclubifyouarehungry B Thewriterusuallystayedintheclubforawholeday C Thewriterworkedinahospital D Ifyouareaman youcan tjointheclub 1 5 BCDCB