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一. 现在完成时的含义及用法1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。2. 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式： 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式： 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?用法现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1. 你已经找到你的书了吗? 2. 他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3. Judy还没到达. 4. 你吃过早饭了吗? 用法 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 oclock? for+ 时间段since+时间点 , since+ 句子Mr. Brown has had his TV _15 years. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . My friends havent visited me _ my birthday. We havent used our car _a long time . She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _ years. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old. 二. have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to “去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in “呆在某处一段时间了”三. 实义动词分为: 瞬间动词 、延续动词 瞬间动词：borrow, die, join, begin, start, finish, end, leave, buy, arrive, come在现在完成时的肯定句中，瞬间动词不能与表示短时间的句子连用，否定句中可以。瞬间动词若要连用可替换成别的表达方式:1. 瞬间动词可用于“段时间 + ago ” 的一般过去时句型 2. 瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语.与段时间连用 动作状态dieBe deadBorrow/buyKeep/hadleaveBe awayarriveBe herebeginBe onEnd/finishBe overjoinBe inmarryBe married例句： 他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 Nick 参军3年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了4个月了. 1.Thefamouswriter_a newbookinthepasttwoyear. .iswriting.waswriting.wrote.haswritten2. HaveyoumetMr.Li_？ .Just.ago.before.amomentago3.Howlonghaveyou_here?Abouttwomonths. been.gone.come.arrived4.Ourcountry_alotsofar.Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven_. .haschanged;well.changed;good.haschanged;better.changed;better5. _you_yourhomeworkyet? Yes.I_itamomentago.Did;do;finished.Have;done;finished.Have;done;havefinished.will;do;finish6. We_XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl. .know.hadknown.haveknown.Knew7. HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_twice. .willsee.haveseen.saw.see8.ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.Really?When_there? .willtheygo.didtheygo.dotheygo.havetheygone9. ZhouLang_already_inthisschoolfortwoyears. .wasstudying.willstudy.hasstudied.are;studying10. Hisfather_thePartysince1998.joined.hasjoined.wasin.hasbeenin11.Doyouknowhimwell?Sure.We_friendssincetenyearsago .were.havebeen.havebecome.havemade12. Hehas_beentoShanghai,hashe? .already.never.ever.still13. Hurryup!Theplay_fortenminutes. .hasbegun.hadbegun.hasbeenon.began14. It_tenyearssinceheleftthearmy. .is.has.will.was15. MissGreenisntintheoffice.She_tothelibrary. .hasgone.went.willgo.hasbeen16. Myparents_Shandongfortenyears. .havebeenin.havebeento.havegoneto.havebeen17. Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,_? A.sotheyB.donttheyC.havetheyD.haventthey答案:一用法Have you found your book yet?They have built many buildings in this city. Judy hasnt arrived yet. Have you had breakfast ?用法For; since; for; since; for; for; since三His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. It is 2 years since his grandpa died. Nick has been in the army for 3 years. It is 3 years since Nick joined the army. He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time. It is a long time since he left Shenzhen.I have had/kept the book for 4 months. It is 4 months since I borrowed the book . 选择题：1-5 DCACB6-10 CBBCD11-15 BBCAA16-17 BD
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