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2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语必修四Unit 3tomorrows world（Grammar and usage）word教案一【设计思想】以实际运用为主，让学生在语言交际中运用语法规则，在运用中逐步掌握语法规则。二【教学目标】1. 知识目标：（1）了解被动语态的动词基本形式和一些特殊的被动用法。(2)学会怎样在被动语态中使用情态动词。(3)学习经常用于被动语态的动词2. 能力目标：能够准确地运用不同时态中的被动语态的动词形式。三【教学重难点】了解被动语态的一些特殊用法【课堂导入】Step 1用动词的被动语态填空。(1) The man _(call) “ Good husband”.(2) The pet dog _(treat) by veterinary.(3) A frog _ ( catch) by a big bird just now.总结：被动语态的基本形式是_【课堂教与学】Step 2 帮助学生复习不同时态的被动语态(1) 一般现在时: am/is/are + done (2) 现在进行时: am/is /are being + done(3) 现在完成时: have/has + done(4) 一般将来时: shall/will + done(5) 一般过去时: was/were + done(6) 过去进行时: was/were being + done(7) 过去完成时: had been + done(8) 过去将来时: would be + done1. Ask students how we can change a sentence into the passive voice.Remind students that we should pay attention to the following: Find out the object of the sentence and use it as the subject of the sentence with the passive voice.(1) Decide the tense of the sentence and use the related form of its passive.(2) If necessary, use “by” to join the former subject, which should be put into its object form.2. Ask students when we use the passive voice. Ask them to read Point 3 on page 48 to find the answer. And give them the following sentences as examples: (1) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。Many houses will be built here.(2) 强调动作的承受者。The song “The East is Red” was written by a poor peasant.(3) 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.(4) 出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作的执行者。You are requested to attend the meeting.3. Ask students to read Point 3 and 4 on page 48 carefully and plete the following practice.Change the following sentences into the passive voice: (1) All of us like her._(2) We are discussing the question._(3) We have put off the meeting._(4) I will develop my picture next week._Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given: (1) I _(give) a new book by my father on my birthday.(2) English _(find) very useful.(3) The work _(finish) tomorrow.(4) The flowers _(water) by them now.(5) The railway _ (build) this time last year.(6) The new way _ already _ (build).(7) The new railway _ (build) by the end of last year.(8) He told me the sports meeting _(hold) the next month.(9) Rice _(grow) in the south of the States.4. Ask students to read the four pieces of information about the top four exhibits on page49 and underline the sentences that can be changed into passive voice. Ask students to plete the report. Remind them of the different tenses of passive voice. Step 3 Modal verbs and the passive voice 1. Ask students how to form the passive voice with modal verbs. Ask them to read the example sentences in Part 2 and show them the pattern: Modal verb + be + doneAsk students to do the following practice to understand the pattern better. Change the following sentences into the passive voice:(1) The viewer can touch the objects in the film. _(2) The viewer may feel a real sense of achievement and happiness._(3) RealCine might not impress some viewers._(4) Teachers could use RealCine in the classroom too. _(5) Film-makers should use RealCine for all films._(6) Scientists ought to develop RealCine further._(7) The viewer must wear special gloves._2. Ask students to read the first report in the exercise. Then ask them to plete the second report by referring to the information in the first one.Step 4 Verbs often used in the passive voiceAsk students to read the instructions of the exercise on page 51 and the timeline. Then they should plete the article with suitable verbs in their proper forms.【课堂巩固】1.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow2.Who _ this book _?A. did; writtenB. was; written byC. did; writtenD. was; written3.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump4. Can such a thing _ happening again?A. prevent from B. prevented from C. be prevented from D. to prevent from5. I cant use my bike because it _.A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repairD. was repairing6. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be pleted B. was being pleted C. has been pleted D. had been pleted 7.At the end of the meeting,it was announced that an agreement_.A.has been reached B.had been reached C.has reached D.had reached8.-Do you have any problems if you_this job? -Well,Im thinking about the salaryA.offer B.will offer C.are offered D.will be offered 9.-Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? -Yes,I have.I guess it_now.A.has graded B.is graded C.is being graded D.is grading10. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannot B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. neednt11. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _be rather cold sometimes.A. must B. can C. should D. would12. “Do you think he is lazy？” “I _ so once, but I dont now.”A. may have thought B. can have thought C. may think D. might think13. _ you have a happy life!A. Can B. May C. Could D. Should14. The work will take me another week. Im really busy. I think you _ as well turn to an experienced worker.A. may B. can C. must D. need15. Mike is often absent from class. Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.A. shall B. will C. would D. can16. “I thought you wouldnt mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I dont, but you _ me first.”A. should ask B. should have asked C. must ask D. must have asked17. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt18. Im surprised that your novel _ have won the first prize.A. would B. should C. must D. could19. If you _ wait a moment, Ill go and find our manager.A. can B. should C. will D. must20. Without electricity human lifequite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would beStep 5 被动语态用法小结：一） It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句常用于这一结构的动词有：say,report,expect,prove,suppose等，该结构通常可转化为“be+过去分词+不定式”。例如：1）It is reported that they are sailing in the Pacific.-They are reported to be sailing in the Pacific. 2)It is said that Mr.Bell invented the first telephone.-Mr.Bell is said to have invented the first telephone.当不定式to后的动作早于不定式to前的动作发生，不定式to后的动作应用现在完成时，表示动作的完成。又如：The old bridge is said to have been built in the early 1930s.It is said that It is reported that It is hoped that It is well known that It is believed that It must be pointed out that 二）情态动词的被动语态情态动词被动语态的结构为：一般式：情态动词（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+ be+过去分词.完成式：情态动词（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+ have+ been+过去分词。例如：1）You neednt mention his plan in your speech.- His plan neednt be mentioned in your speech. 2）You might have pleted your task ahead of time.-Your task might have been pleted ahead of time.三) 被动语态的特殊情况：1. 含有动词短语的主动句变为被动句时，不要漏掉其后的介词或副词。例如：We must take good care of the children.- The children must be taken good care of.2. 被动语态常在不知道动作的执行者或者是要强调动作的承受者时才用。助动词be有时可被系动词get替换，即“get+过去分词”，也可表示被动概念。例如：You are wanted on the phone.3. 固定结构be going to,used to,have to,had better等在变为被动句时，只需将其后的动词变为被动形式即可。例如：The little boy used to send newspapers here.-Newspapers used to be sent here by the little boy.4.“宾语+补语”又叫复合宾语，变被动语态时，只将宾语变为被动句的主语，补语位置保持不动，但是已经变为主语补足语了。例如;Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette in the toilet.-The boy was caught smoking a cigarette in the toilet.5在使役动词have,make,以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to.例如：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.- A stranger was seen to walk into the building.6 主动语态表示被动意义的词 (1) 感官动词和系动词如：look, smell, feel ,prove, hear, sound, taste The cloth feels very soft , I like it very much(2) 某些行为动词也可表示被动意义。常见的有：wash, write, sell ,read例如：1.That kind of dress washes well.2.This type of puter sells well among teenagers.3.The novel reads well.It is suitable for children.(3) want, need ,require,worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：1.She bought me a book,which is worth reading.2.All the windows in the meeting room need washing. (4).某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如： 1.She told me that the fish was not fit to eat. 2.He is the one who is hard to please.7.不及物动词或其构成的一些短语动词不能用于被动语态。例如：appear,rise,happen,lie,arrive,exist,belong to,take place,set sail for,consist of等都属于此类动词或短语。例如： 1. The mittee consists of six members. 2.You shouldnt take what doesnt belong to you. 3.I happened to see my professor in the supermarket yesterday.8.表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态。英语中有些动词表示某种状态或情况,这类动词不能用于被动语态。常见的有fit,mean,have,hold,cost,contain,bee,last,fail等。例如： 1.The flat cost him around one million RMB.2.This book contains all the phrases you have learnt.【提升与拓展】1. You didnt wait for Mr. Black last night, did you? No, but we _. He didnt return home at all.A. couldnt have B. neednt have C. didnt need to D. should have waited2. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. -These three rooms _ (by you).A. are oughted to keep clean B. ought to kept cleanC. ought to be kept clean D. ought to have been kept clean3. She had better leave a note to him. - A note _ to him (by her).A. had better left B. had be better left C. had better be left D. had better been left4. We elected her leader.- She by us.A. is elected leader B. was leader elected C. was elected leader D. leader was elected5 .How sweet the music _!A. sounds to be B. is sounded C. is sounded to be D. sounds 6. In warm weather fruit and meat _ long.A. dont keep B. cannot be kept C. are not kept D. are not keeping 7. He received a telegram _ Mother Sick.A. written B. said C. reading D. writing 8. The classroom _ 30 feet long.A. measures B. is measured C. has D. has length 9. Good medicine _ to the mouth.A. tastes bitter B. tastes bitterly C. is tasted bitter D. is tasted bitterly10. I _ you, because I thought I must be wrong.A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask11. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can12.Liza _ well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.A. will B. can C. must D. may13 . Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughtergo and do the opposite.A. may B. can C. must D. should14.”How about the dishes, Dear?” “The beef didnt taste very good. It _ too long.”A. cooked B. had been cooked C. was cooked D. had cooked15. -Moms gift? She_ have chosen a better one for me.-She _ be very happy to know it.A. should; must B. might; wouldnt C. couldnt; must D. mustnt; cant16. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have done17. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive.A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected18. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone.A. to promote B. having been promotedC. having promoted D. to be promoted19. - Do you think we should accept that offer?-Yes, we should, for we _such bad luck up till now, and time _out.A. have had; is running B. had; is runningC. have; has been run D. have had; has been run20. We tried many times, but the engine just _. A. wouldnt start B. wasnt started C. wasnt starting D. wouldnt be started四【课后预习】 预习课本P52-57的内容，熟悉下节课的任务内容。五【板书设计】Step 6 【家庭作业】1. 复习本节课的内容，熟记被动语态的基本概念及用法。2. 教师根据教辅资料自行安排家庭作业（可适当安排被动语态的练习，资源包的练习可参考）
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