高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit_10ppt课件

高等院校研究生英语系列教材 综合教程 上 INTEGRATEDCOURSE 1 Unit10 TheRoleofEducation 2 Content StartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProject 3 Task1Thefollowingisalistofthecorecoursesofferedbycollegesoruniversities Selectwhatyouthinkarethethreemostimportantcorecoursesfromthelistbelow Compareyourchoiceswiththoseofyourpartner sandgivereasonsforyourchoices P276 Startingout Economics Geography History Physiology Psychology English dancing etc Arts music painting Math Philosophy Chinese P E Computer Management Religion Law 4 Task2Inthemid1980s China scollegeenrollmentratestoodatabout3 ofthepopulation lowerthanthatofmanyotherdevelopingcountries Intheearly1990s thenumberroseto5 In1999 universitiesenrolled1 59millionstudents whichwasa41 2percentrisefromthepreviousyear Sincethen thenumbershavejustkeptclimbing In2002 thecollegeenrollmentratereached15 percent Itroseto19 in2005 Somepeoplethinktheexpansionpolicyisnecessarytoimprovethequalityofthenation seducationwhileothersbelievethattheexpansionisresponsibleforadeclineinthequalityofteachingaswellastheintensecompetitioninthejobmarket Whatisyouropiniononthisissue Useexamples factsorfigurestosupportyourideas P276 Startingout Task2 5 Task2Usefulwordsandexpressions Startingout Task2 ajust equitableandproductivesocietyqualityofeducationskilledworkforcelow incomeareasminoritystudentsrisingtuitionfeesheavyfinancialburdenmeetthedemandsoftheworkplaceincapableoftacklingpracticalproblemsboosteconomicdevelopmentincreasetheskillbaseofthecountry 6 Task3InmostpartsofChina whenstudentsreachthesecondgradeatseniorhighschool theyarerequiredtospecializeineitherscienceorartscourses Thetwocoursesareverydifferentandsomepeopledislikebeingstreamlinedsoearlyintheireducationalcareer Whatdoyouthinkofthispractice Talktoyourpartnerandtellthemaboutyourexperience P277 Startingout Task3 7 Startingout NowwatchavideoaboutPrincetonUniversity Listencarefullyandcompletetheblank fillingexercise 8 1 PrincetonUniversityislocatedinPrinceton NewJerseyinthesuburbanhistorictownof includingfarmlandsandforests 2 Oneofthethingsthatwe veseeninthelastyearsis intheclass 3 Princetonoffersoneofthestrongestfinancialaidprogramsinthecountry That swhy58 ofundergraduatesreceivefinancialaidthat snotneeded 4 SomeofthemostpopularmajorsinPrincetonarepolitics history 5 Ourfacultiesareleadersintheirfieldsandthey repushingback intermsoftheirresearch Startingout diversesurroundings thegenderbalance tobepaidback molecularbiologyandengineering intellectuallimits 9 TheRoleoftheAcademyinTimesofCrisis ReadingFocus 10 ReadingFocus 11 Listentoatalkoneducationandeducationalsystem andanswerthefollowingquestions 1 What sthepurposeofeducation 2 What sthoughttobefashionableinmanymoderncountries 3 Whydosomepeoplerefusetodowhattheythinkofaslowjobs 4 Whyistheworkofacompletelyuneducatedfarmerfarmoreimportantthanthatofaprofessor 5 Whatkindofeducationisvaluabletothesociety BackgroundInformation 12 ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Task1It simportanttobeabletofindthemainideainaparagraph Themainideatellsthereaderwhattheparagraphismostlyabout Alloftheothersentencesinaparagrapharedetailsthattellthereadermoreaboutthemainidea Themainideaisusuallystatedinatopicsentence Thetopicsentenceisoftenthefirstsentenceoritmaycomealittlelaterintheparagraphorevenattheend It simportanttobeabletodistinguishthemainideafromthesupportingdetailsinreadingmaterials Sometimesthemainideaisnotwrittenexplicitlybutrathersuggested Sometimesitmaybeexpressedinmorethanonesentence Therearesevenparagraphsinthistext Writedownthemainideaofeachparagraph P283 13 Para1 Para2 Para3 Para4 ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Oursociety sconfidenceinitsinstitutionsofhighereducationisclearfromthegenerosityofgovernmentinvestmentinresearchbutitcomeswithexpectation Modernacademicstudyrelatestotheworld itisnotapartfromitasinthepast Americansocietyhasalong standingconsensusaboutthevalueofeducation Wehaveanobligationtosearchfornewideasandknowledge 14 Para5 Para6 Para7 ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Wehaveanobligationtodisseminatenewideaandknowledge Wehavethethirdobligationtoeducatethenextgenerationofcitizensandleaders Weshouldcultivatethequalitiesofthoughtanddiscernmentinourstudents 15 Task2 Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext P284 Key 2345678910 B C B B C C A C C C ReadingFocus DetailedInformation 16 CriticalThinking ReadingFocus 17 StepOneReadthefollowingsentencesfromthetextanddecidewhetheryouagreewiththeauthor Workingroupstoprovideexamplestosupportorargueagainsttheauthor sopinions ReadingFocus CriticalThinking Thesearchfornewideasandknowledgeisnotandcannotbemotivatedbyutilitarianconcern Weshouldfirstandforemostcultivatethequalitiesofthoughtanddiscernmentinourstudents 18 StepTwoDiscusswithyourpartnerthefollowingquestions Whatdoyouthinkisthepurposeofeducation Doyouthinktheideaofaliberalartseducationaspreparationforaprofessionisanarrowone Whyorwhynot ReadingFocus CriticalThinking 19 Oursociety sconfidenceinitsinstitutionsofhighereducationisexpressedthroughthegenerousinvestmentsofthefederalandstategovernmentsinbasicandappliedresearch investmentsthatwiselycouplesupportforresearchwithsupportforgraduateeducation Para2 couple with ifonethingiscoupledwithanother theyhappenorexisttogetherandproduceaparticularresult并提 加上e g 1 Lackofraincoupledwithhightemperaturescausedthecropstofail 2 Hisenergyandintelligence coupledwithherskillandpatience overcamealldifficulties ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 20 2 Intimesoftrouble itisespeciallyimportantthatweliveuptotheseexpectations Para2 liveupto ifsomethingorsomeonelivesuptoastandard reputation orpromise theydoaswellastheywereexpectedto dowhattheypromised符合 标准 不负 盛名 履行 诺言 e g 1 Heworkshardandwillprobablyliveuptohisparents expectations 2 Thebankisinsolventandisunabletoliveuptoitsobligations ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 21 3 Themedievalimageoftheuniversityasanivorytower withscholarsturnedinwardinsolitarycontemplation immunizedfromthecaresoftheday isanimagethathasbeensupersededbythemodernuniversityconstructednotofivory butofahighlyporousmaterial onethatallowsfreediffusioninbothdirections Para3 contemplation n quiet seriousthinkingaboutsomething沉思e g 1 Heislostincontemplationabouthisfuture 2 Themonksspendanhourincontemplationeachmorning supersede v toreplace代替 取代e g Televisionsupersededradiointhefifties ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 22 diffusion n spreadingideasorinformationamongalotofpeople传播 散播e g 1 ThediffusionofideasacrossbordersisonereasonforEurope ssuccess 2 ThediffusionofnewsbyradioandTVmaybeaffectedbytheInternet 翻译 中世纪大学的形象是一座象牙塔 学者们远离社会进行孤独的沉思 不关心窗外之事 这一形象已被现代大学所取代 现代大学不是象牙构筑的 而是高度开放的机构 允许内外自由交流 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 23 4 Wealsohavelearnedthatitisunwisetosearchonlyinpredictableplaces fornewknowledgeoftendependsuponpreparingfertilegroundinobscureplaceswhereserendipityandgoodluck aswellasdeepintelligence cansprout Para4 serendipity n thenaturalabilitytomakeinterestingorvaluablediscoveriesbyaccident翻译 同时 我们也得知 只在可预知的领域来挖掘知识是不明智的 因为新知识往往依赖于在未知领域准备好肥沃的土壤 在那些领域 好运气同深奥的智慧一样能开花结果 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 24 5 Freedomofinquiry whichisoneofourmostcherishedorganizingprinciples isnotjustamoralimperative itisapracticalnecessity Para4 imperative n anessentialorurgentthing需要e g 1 Tacklingmalariaisnowaninternationalimperative 2 Distributingfoodaidisanimportantmoralimperativeinthatsociety imperative adj extremelyimportantandneedingtobedoneordealtwithimmediately急需的e g 1 Itisimperativethatpoliticiansshouldbegoodcommunicators 2 Itisimperativetomeetfacetofacewiththeclient ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 25 6 Itconsistsinthepowertodistinguishgoodreasoningfrombad inthepowertodigestandinterpretevidence inthehabitofcatholicobservationandapreferenceforthenon partisanpointofview inanaddictiontoclearandlogicalprocessesofthoughtandyetaninstinctivedesiretointerpretratherthantosticktotheletterofreasoning inatasteforknowledgeandadeeprespectfortheintegrityofthehumanmind Para6 catholic adj includingaverywidevarietyofthings广泛的 普遍的e g 1 Shehasacatholictasteinmusic 2 Youhaveacatholicarrayofbooksonyourbookshelf ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 26 non partisan adj notsupportingtheideasofanypoliticalpartyorgroup无党派的翻译 它包括了 辨别正确推理与错误推理的能力 消化与阐释论据的能力 广泛观察的习惯 对于持客观见解的偏好 执着于清晰有条理的思维过程 本能地热衷于阐释内涵而不拘泥于推论的字面意义 对知识的鉴赏力 对人类健全心智的无限尊重 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 27 Key1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Task1Choosethewordthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence P287 ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction A C D B B B C D A B 28 Task2 1 Tosolveaproblemyouhavetounderstandits causes 2 Oncewe vehadthedisease we reusually forlife Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox Changetheformifnecessary P288 imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlie ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction underlying immune 29 3 IwasratherquietasIdidn tfeelIhadmuchwisdomto onthesubject 4 Abroadandbalancededucationisa n forraisingstandards 5 Thefortwas toattackfromthenorth 6 Theirideas quicklyacrossEurope imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlie ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction impart imperative vulnerable diffused 30 7 Economicconcernsare inmanyvoters minds 8 Iwenttoa n lecturethismorning 9 Thereport thedifficultissuesattheheartofscientificpolicy 10 Heisamanofambitionand imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlie ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction foremost scholarly illuminated eloquence 31 Task3 Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox Changetheformifnecessary P288 Key1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 deeper contribute explore potential how productive likely produce Nationally dedicated ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 32 America sFailureinScienceEducation ReadingMore 33 ReadingMore GlobalUnderstanding CriticalThinking LanguagePoints VocabularyinAction 1 2 3 4 34 Completethefollowingextractwithinformationfromthetext Whenitcomestoeducatingthenextgenerationinsubjectsofscienceandtechnology USstudentshavefallenfarbehindtheircompetitorsinmuchofWesternEuropeand1 AccordingtotheThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy bythetimeUSstudentsreachtheirsenioryearofhighschool theyrankbelow2 in17othercountriesin3 ThistrendhasdisturbingimplicationsnotjustforthefutureofAmericantechnologicalleadershipbutfor4 FederalReserveBoardChairmanAlanGreenspanwarnedthatthecountryhasdevelopedashortageofhighlyskilledworkersand5 lesser skilledworkersandtheNationalScienceBoardhasexpressedthesameconcerninarecentreport ReadingMore GlobalUnderstanding Asiannations theircounterparts mathandscienceliteracy thebroadereconomy asurplusof 35 Anumberoffactorscontributetothesituation Firstly untilnow Americahascompensatedforitslackofeducatedscientistsby6 Butitmaynotbeabletocontinuetorelyonthisasbrilliantyoungscientistsinoverseascountriesfindtheyhave7 intheirhomecountries Secondly PresidentBush seducation reforminitiative NoChildLeftBehind maybe8 becauseNCLBcurrentlyrequiresthatstudentsbetestedonlyin9 Finally thereisasevereshortageof10 Alargenumberofscienceteachersinhighschoolsdon tevenhave11 inscience Moreover eventhosewhohaveasciencedegreeareoftenteachingoutside12 ReadingMore GlobalUnderstanding importingbrainpower betterworkingopportunities exacerbatingtheproblem readingandmath qualifiedscienceteachers amajororminor theirareaofexpertise 36 CriticalThinking ReadingMore 37 Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartnerandthenreportyourideastotheclass ReadingMore CriticalThinking Doyouwanttofurtheryourstudyinanoverseascountry Whyorwhynot Ifyes whichoverseascountrywillyouconsiderfirst Why 38 ReadingMore CriticalThinking TheauthorthinksthatbrightyoungIndianorChinesescientistsmaywellhavebetteropportunitiesathomethanintheUSasglobalizationaccelerates Doyouagreewithhim Whyorwhynot 39 1 Butbraceyourselfforwhatyou llfind Para 1 brace for tomentallyorphysicallyprepareforsomethingunpleasantthatisgoingtohappen使准备迎接 困难 e g 1 Thecitybraceditselfforthepossibilityofanotherearthquake 2 Nancybracedherselffortheinevitablearguments ReadingMore LanguagePoint 40 2 thefuturestrengthoftheUSscienceandengineeringworkforceisimperiled Para 3 imperil v toputsomethingorsomeoneindanger危及e g Thewholeprojectwasimperiledbyalackoffunds ReadingMore LanguagePoint 41 3 theglobalcompetitionforscienceandengineeringtalentisintensifying Para 5 intensify v toincreaseindegreeorstrength ortomakesomethingdothis加强 增强e g 1 Hismother sdeathintensifiedhisloneliness 2 Economicconditionsintensifiedthepressureonindustrytoraiseprices ReadingMore LanguagePoint 42 4 ButHanushekfiguresthatthe4 annualincreasealonewouldbeenoughtooffsettheentirecostofAmerica spublicK 126schoolsystemforthesameyear Para 7 offset v ifthecostoramountofsomethingoffsetsanothercostoramount thesituationisbalancedieitremainsthesame补偿 抵消e g 1 Hewasabletooffsethistravelexpensesagainsttax 2 Thegainswereoffsetbythelossessotherewasnoprofit ReadingMore LanguagePoint 43 ReadingMore LanguagePoint 5 Ironically PresidentBush seducation reforminitiative NoChildLeftBehind maybeexacerbatingtheproblem Para 9 exacerbate v tomakeabadsituationworse使加剧 使恶化e g Idon twanttoexacerbatethesituation 44 6 Youdon thavetobeascientisttorecognizethatthestatusquoisarecipeforbigtrouble Para 11 bearecipefor tobelikelytocauseaparticularresult很可能是造成 的原因 是 的秘诀e g 1 Goodfriends plentyoffoodandawarmatmospherearearecipeforasuccessfulparty 2 Hesaidthatfivesmallboysonskiswouldbearecipefordisaster itwouldnotbeaholiday ReadingMore LanguagePoint 45 7 Asthingsstandnow sciencegraduatessimplyhavetoomanylucrativealternativestoteaching Para 13 lucrative adj profitable ajoboractivitythatislucrativeletsyouearnalotofmoney赚钱的e g 1 Theynegotiatedalucrativecontractthathelpedtosavethecompanyfrombankruptcy 2 Thousandsofex armyofficershavefoundlucrativejobsinprivatesecurityfirms ReadingMore LanguagePoint 46 Task1 Key1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Choosethewordthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence P295 ReadingMore VocabularyinAction A C B D C A B C A C 47 Task2 1 sweepA Theywanttomake changestoeducationpolicies B Bert thepathinfrontofthehouse 2 addressA ThenewPresidentdeliveredhisinaugural inCreole B Ourproducts theneedsofserioususers Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriateformofthewordgivenandexplainitsmeaning P295 ReadingMore VocabularyinAction sweeping adj swept v address n address v 48 ReadingMore VocabularyinAction 3 stunA Redfern thecrowdwithalast minutegoal B Youlookabsolutely inthatdress 4 ironicA Yourcarwasstolenatthepolicestation How B hiscoldgotbetteronthelastdayofhisholiday 5 contendA Threearmedgroupsare forpower B Sheisastrong fortheTeacheroftheYear stunned v stunning adj ironic adj Ironically adv contending v contender n 49 ReadingMore VocabularyinAction 6 depressA Thewholeexperiencewasvery B Thethoughtoftakingtheexamagain him 7 figureA Government underestimatetheproblem B Fromthewayhebehaved I thathewasdrunk 8 rankA DuringthewarHaroldhadrisentothe ofmajor B Thetaskshavebeen inorderofdifficulty depressing adj depressed v figures n figured v rank n ranked v 50 9 qualifyA Freeschoollunchesaregiventochildrenwho B Ifyoudon tspeakGerman you renot tocomment 10 majorA Therearetwo politicalpartiesintheUS B He s inPoliticalScience ReadingMore VocabularyinAction qualify v qualified adj major adj majoring v 51 PracticalTranslation 52 英语抽象名词分为品质抽象名词和行为抽象名词两大类 品质抽象名词品质抽象名词 一旦具体化 就可以指称人或事的某种品质 特点 状态 或是具有这种品质 特点 状态的人和事 翻译这些抽象名词时往往可以在其后面加上一些表示品质 特点 状态等方面的词来表示它们的用法 抽象名词的翻译 53 Meanwhileindividualschoolsaremovingontheirowntoredresstheimbalancebetweenteachingandresearch 译文 与此同时 各学校正采取措施纠正教学与科研不平衡的状况 2 Pennsylvaniarecentlyrequiredthestate s162collegesanduniversitiestotestandcertifythefluencyoftheirfaculties 译文 宾夕法尼亚近来要求本州的162所学院和大学教员的英语流利程度进行测试并提供证明 此例中的imbalance若译成汉语的 不平衡 不是很符合汉语的行文习惯 因此翻译时把它具体化为 不平衡的状况 本例中的fluency处理成 流利程度 较字面上的 流利 更符合汉语的表达习惯 54 行为抽象名词行为抽象名词一旦具体化 就可以指称行为动作的具体过程 性质 状态 特点以及行为动作的时间 地点 程度 原因 结果等 在翻译时同样可以加上适当的词来表明它们的用法 55 1 Anditisnotwhetheruniversitieshaveproducedvaluableresearchandscholarship 译文 问题也不在于大学是否已取得有价值的科研成果和学术成就 2 By1980 however visitorsbegancomplainingaboutcrimesdowntown 译文 然而到了1980年 外来的游客开始对闹市区的犯罪活动怨声载道 把抽象名词research和scholarship分别译为 科研成果 和 学术成就 更符合汉语的表达习惯 增强了译文的可读性 crimes作为一个复数抽象名词 此处有 多起犯罪事件 之意 故译作 犯罪活动 56 TranslatethefollowingsentencesandparagraphintoChinese 1 Thisisthebestsolutiontoyourproblem 2 Wehavemadesomeachievements andwemustguardagainstcomplacency 3 Theremediesyouproposeareneatandeasybutimpossible 4 Fromtheevaporationofwaterpeopleknowthatliquidscanturnintogasesundercertainconditions 5 InAustralia you llevenfindjudgescriticizingthelanguageoflegislationandcontracts 57 6 Itsideals craftedovermanygenerations aremeanttosuffusethenationalconsciousness Itsscholarsandteachersaremeanttomoveinandoutoftheacademyinpursuitofopportunitiestousetheirexpertiseinpublicservice inpursuitofcreativeworkthatwillgiveusilluminationandinsightandinpursuitofwaystoturnlaboratorydiscoveriesintousefulthings 58 TranslationforReference 1 这是你那问题最好的解决方案 2 我们取得了一些成绩 但要防止自满情绪 3 你提的补救措施倒是干脆利落 轻而易举 但是行不通 4 人们从水的蒸发现象了解到 液体在一定条件下能变成气体 5 在澳大利亚 人们甚至可以发现 法官们也在指责立法条文和合同条款中的语言 59 TranslationforReference 6 高校的 理想 经由多少代人的铸造 旨在渗入国民意识之中 学者和教师必定要周旋于学院内外以寻觅运用他们的才能为公众服务的机会 寻觅能给我们带来启发和见识的创造性工作 寻觅把实验室的研究发现转化为实际应用的途径 60 Reports FocusedWriting 61 Reportscanbeofvariouskinds suchasnewsreports experimental orlaboratory reports survey researchreports fieldstudyreports businessreports FocusedWriting WritingSkill Aformallabreportisusuallycomprisedofthefollowingtypicalcomponents TitleAbstractIntroductionMaterialsandmethodsResultsDiscussionLiteraturecited 62 TitleThetitleshouldbelessthantenwordsandshouldreflectthefactualcontentofthepaper Agoodtitleisstraightforwardanduseskeywordsthatresearchersinaparticularfieldwillrecognize FocusedWriting WritingSkill 63 AbstractTheabstractsummarizesfouressentialaspectsofthereport thepurposeoftheexperiment sometimesexpressedasthepurposeofthereport keyfindings significanceandmajorconclusions Theabstractoftenalsoincludesabriefreferencetotheoryormethodology Theabstractshouldbeoneparagraphof100 200words FocusedWriting WritingSkill 64 FocusedWriting WritingSkill IntroductionTheintroductiondefinesthesubjectofthereport Itmustoutlinethescientificpurpose s orobjective s oftheresearchperformedandgivethereadersufficientbackgroundtounderstandtherestofthereport Agoodintroductionwillanswerseveralquestions includingthefollowing Whywasthisstudyperformed Whatknowledgealreadyexistsaboutthissubject Whatisthespecificpurposeofthestudy 65 MaterialsandMethodsThematerialsandmethodsusedintheexperimentsshouldbereportedinthissection Thedifficultyinwritingthissectionistoprovideenoughdetailforthereadertounderstandtheexperimentwithoutoverwhelminghimorher Whenproceduresfromalabbookoranotherreportarefollowedexactly simplycitethework notingthatdetailscanbefoundinthatparticularsource However itisstillnecessarytodescribespecialpiecesofequipmentandimportantlythetheorybehindthemethodologyused FocusedWriting WritingSkill 66 ResultsThissectionshouldsummarizethedatafromtheexperimentswithoutdiscussingtheirimplications Thedatashouldbeorganized forexample intotables figures graphs evenphotographs FocusedWriting WritingSkill 67 DiscussionDiscussionisthemostimportantpartofyourreport becausehereyoushowthatyouunderstandtheexperimentbeyondthesimplelevelofcompletingit thatyouunderstandthetheoreticalbasisoftheexperiment FocusedWriting WritingSkill 68 LiteraturecitedThisincludesyourlabmanualandanyoutsidereadingyouhavedoneincludingreferencesofanytheoriesorideasorevenlanguagebelongingtoothers FocusedWriting WritingSkill 69 FinalProject FinalProject 70 FinalProject Todate noChinesewhohasreceivedtheirhighereducationinChinahasbeenawardedaNobelPrizeinSciences SupposeyouareajournalistworkingforamajormediainChinaandyourpartnerisanofficialattheEducationMinistry Interviewtheofficialtoexplorethereasonswhythisisthecase Thefollowingwordsandexpressionsareforyourreference encourageinnovationevaluationofstudents abilitiesbededicatedtoone sworkbeimmunetotemptationoutofcuriosityinpursuitoftruth 71 financialsupportIseeyourpoint Iseewhatyoumean Well youhaveapointthere butcanyouproveitwithfacts ButIdon tseeitthatway Sinceyouareanexpertinthefiel