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Module 5 Museums词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. rule (1) rule作名词，表示“规则, 规章, 规定, 条例”。例如：You should be observant of the traffic rules.你应该遵守交通规则。(2 rule作名词，还可以表示“习惯; 惯常的做法”。例如：She makes a rule of going for a walk every afternoon.她有每天下午散步的习惯。【拓展】be against the rule 表示“违反规定”,相当于“break the rule”；其反义词是“follow/obey the rule”，意为“遵守/服从规定。例如：It is against the traffic rule to cross the street while the red light is on.红灯亮时横穿马路时违反交通规定的。We should follow the rule of exam.我们应该遵守考试规则。2. in troublein trouble 表示“遇上麻烦；处于困境”。例如：She is ready to help others in trouble.她愿意帮助那些处于困境的人们。He realized that he was in trouble.他意识到他遇上了麻烦。【拓展】辨析be in trouble 与get into trouble be in trouble 表示状态，一般表示已经有麻烦; get into trouble是一个动作或过程，意为“惹上麻烦，陷入麻烦，闯祸”，多用于还没发生的情况。例如：Nobody likes toget into trouble.没有谁愿意惹麻烦。When you are in trouble, I will help you.当你遇上麻烦的时候，我会帮助你。3. missing missing是形容词，意为“找不到的，失踪的”。例如： They still hoped to find their missing son. 他们依然希望找到他们失踪的儿子。【拓展】辨析 missing ; lost ; gone missing意为“失踪的，找不到的”，强调某人或某物不再原处。lost意为“丢失的，迷路的，输掉了的”。gone意为“离开的，过去的，不复存在的”，不做定语。例如：I never found the missing letter.我一直没有找到丢失的那封信。Dont go too far away, or youll get lost.不要走得太远，否则你会迷路的。Now it was gone, as though it had never been.现在它已逝去，仿佛它从未存在过。4. find out find out意为“找到，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“弄明白”。通常含有“经过困难、曲折”之后才找出难以找到的东西。例如： Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。【拓展】 (1) find是动词，意为“找到”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。例如：He didnt find his book. 他没有找到他的书。 (2) look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。例如：Jim is looking for his little dog. Jim正在找他的狗。5. fillwith（1）fillwith意为“ 把装满”或“使充满”，强调动作。例如：Can you fill the bottle with water? 你能把瓶子装满水吗？（2）fill with的被动语态结构为“sth. be filled with”，意为“充满”，强调状态，可与be full of 互换。例如：The train is filled with people = The train is full of people. 火车里挤满了人。6. look forward tolook forward to 意思是“期待，盼望”，to是介词，后面接名词或者动名词。例如： I look forward to being alone in the house.我盼望能自己一人在这所房子。We look forward to the return of spring.我们期待着春天的到来。7. comparewith/tocomparewith/to 意为“比较与”；“把与做对比”，在做状语时，两者有时可以互换。例如：Compared with/to western countries, China uses materials very carefully. 和西方相比,中国使用物资很节省。If we compare this butterfly with/to that one, well find lots of difference between them.如果我们把这两只蝴蝶相比较，就会发现他们之间有很多不同。【拓展】compareto还可表示“把比作”。例如：A teachers work is often compared to a candle.教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。8. pay attention to pay attention to表示“注意；留心；专心”，该短语中to是介词，后面可以接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句。例如： Dont pay any attention to Nina she doesnt know what shes talking about. 别理睬Nina她根本不知道自己在说什么。You must pay attention to the problems of spelling in your writing.你必须注意你写作中的拼写问题。You should pay more attention to observing.你应该多注意观察。9. of all ages（1）age作为名词，意为“年龄”。例如：His wife is the same age as Una. 他的妻子和尤娜同年。【注意】用age询问年龄时，用疑问词what而不用how old。例如：Whats her age? = How old is she? 她的年龄多大？Her age is 10. = Shesten(yearsold)./Shestenyearsofage.她十岁。（2）与age相关的常用搭配：1）at the age of 在岁的时候。例如：He left school at the age of 18. 他18岁时离开了学校。 2）of all ages 所有年龄段的；of the same age 同龄的；of different ages 不同年龄的。例如：The Science Museum is interesting for people of all ages.这座科学博物馆对于所有年龄段的人们来说都是有趣的。Gary plays football with the other children of the same age. 加里和其他同龄的孩子们一起踢足球。The toys are for children of different ages. 这些玩具适用不同年龄的儿童。10. communications communication 为不可数名词，意为“表达；交流；交际；传递”，表示“通信；交通联系”时，用复数形式。例如：Telephone communications between the two cities have been restored.这两座城市间的电话通讯已经恢复。【拓展】communicate 为动词，意为“通讯，交流，传达（意见等）”。I communicate with him regularly by letter. 我与他定期通信。词汇精练I. 英汉互译。 1. 盼望 _ 2. 注意_3. be filled with _4. 通信_5. 不同年龄的 _6. 与做比较_7. 找到，发现 _8. in trouble _9. 上楼 _ 10. 禁止拍照 _II. 根据汉语或首字母提示，完成下列单词，使句意明确，语言通顺。1. When class begins, we should pay a_ to the teacher.2. I live on the first floor while my brother lives _(楼上).3. You mustnt a_ the rules in the library.4. We can do chemistry e_ in the chemistry lab.5. We spent w summer in Italy that year.6. He was p for being late.7. The machine is (控制) by a computer.8. All (通信) with the north were stopped by snowstorm.III. 根据所给句子内容，从方框中选出适当的词语，并用其正确形式填空。look forward to; pay attention to; fill with ; find out ; take photos; of the same age; in trouble ; comparewith;1. Dont _ in the museum. Its against the rules.2. Im _ meeting them. I miss them very much.3. You must _ the spelling in your writing.4. The doctor looked over the crying baby girl, but he couldnt what was wrong with her.5. The box is too heavy to carry. It is books.6. He my homework his, and found I had made a mistake.7. They are , so they have a lot in common to talk about.8. The company was because of this accident. 参考答案I. 英汉互译。 1. look forward to 2. pay attention to 3.充满 4. communications 5. of different ages 6. comparewith/to 7. find out 8. 遇上麻烦；处于困境9. go upstairs 10. No photosII. 根据汉语或首字母提示，完成下列单词，使句意明确，语言通顺。 1. attention 2. upstairs 3. against 4. experiment 5.whole 6. punished 7. controlled 8.commucations III. 根据所给句子内容，从方框中选出适当的词语，并用其正确形式填空。 1. take photos 2. looking forward to 3. pay attention to 4. find out 5. filled with 6. compared; with 7. of the same age 8. in trouble句式精讲1. No shouting! “No +名词/动名词”可以构成禁止性的警示语，常用来表达“禁止做某事”，其后不可接宾语。例如： No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No parking! 禁止停车！ No photos! 禁止拍照！ No visitors! 谢绝参观！ 【拓展】其他表示“禁止”的方式：(1) 否定的祈使句同样可以用来表示“禁止；不要”。例如： Dont shout. 不要喊叫！ Dont make any noise. 不要吵闹。 肯定的祈使句也可以表示“禁止”，但要靠谓语动词来表示。例如： Stop talking! 不准说话！ (2) 情态动词mustnt可以表达“禁止”的概念。例如：You mustnt take photographs of the exhibits in the museum. 博物馆中不得给展品拍照。You mustnt tell it to anyone. 你绝不可以告诉任何人。(3) cant 可以表示“不能，不会”，也可以表示“不允许”，因此可以用来表示制止某人做某事。例如： You cant make any noise in the hospital. 你不能在医院里吵闹。(4) You arent allowed to句型也可以用来表示制止对方做某事。例如： You are not allowed to touch the exhibits. 不允许你触摸展品。2. So if you ever go to London, make sure you visit the Science Museum. 在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。例如： Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 If it doesnt rain, he will come here on time. 如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。 常见的“主将从现”有以下三种情况： （1）条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。例如： When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 （2）如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。例如：Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。 （3）如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。例如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。3. What a wonderful museum! 本句子意为“多么棒的博物馆啊！”。该句是感叹句的省略句。感叹句可以用“What开头或者How开头，用陈述句语序，结尾用叹号。常见的结构有：What + a/ an +（形容词）+单数名词+（主语+谓语）！ What+（形容词）+不可数名词或者可数名词复数+（主语+谓语）！ How + 形容词或者副词+（主语+谓语）！ 在口语中，感叹句常省略主语和谓语。例如： What a nice girl ! 一个多么漂亮的女孩儿啊！ What bad weather! 多么糟糕的天气啊！ How beautiful the garden is! 这个花园真漂亮啊！4. No wonder the place is empty!本句意为“难怪这个地方空荡荡的！” No wonder + (that )从句 = Its no wonder +（that）从句，意为“是不足为怪的”或“难怪”。例句：No wonder you cant find anybody here; theyre all away at a meeting.难怪你在这里找不到任何人，他们都去开会了。【拓展】wonder作及物动词，意为“想知道；对感到怀疑”，常见的用法有： （1）后接who, what，why，where 等引导的宾语从句。 I wonder who she is. 我想知道她是谁。 She wondered what the child was doing. 她感到疑惑，孩子究竟在干什么。 I wonder why Ann is late. 我想知道安为什么迟到了。 I wonder where they have gone. 我想知道他们去哪儿了。 （2）后接 that 引导的宾语从句，表示“对感到惊讶”， that常可省去。 I wonder (that) she has won the race. 我对她赢了比赛感到惊讶。 （3）后接 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，常用来表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。She wondered whether you were free that morning. 她想知道你那天上午是否有空。 I wonder if he will succeed. 我不知道他会不会成功。 5. Whats the matter?Whats the matter?/ Whats wrong?是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题，意为“怎么了？”，是医生询问病人病情时的常用语。例如： Whats the matter? 你怎么了？ I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。 Whats wrong, Tom? Tom怎么了？ I dont feel very well. 我感觉不太舒服。【拓展】 Whats the matter?和Whats wrong?后可接with sb. / sth，即Whats the matter with sb./ sth.?或Whats wrong with sb./sth.?意为“某人/某物怎么了？”例如： Whats the matter with you? = Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了？ Whats wrong / Whats the matter with your leg? 你的腿怎么了？ Nothing. 没什么。【注意】matter是名词，其前只能加定冠词the；wrong是形容词，前面不需要加任何冠词。不能说Whats your wrong?和Whats your matter?6. Its great, isnt?本句是个反义疑问句，意为“它很棒，不是吗？”。反意疑问句，表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,疑问句是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词后接主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构；反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致。例如：He is old, isnt he? 他老了，不是吗？He never went there, did he? 他从没有去过那里，是吗？【注意】无论哪种形式的反意疑问句,回答时要遵循：“Yes,后接肯定式”或者“No,后接否定式”The girl is helping her mother with the housework, isnt she? 那个女孩正在帮妈妈做家务,不是吗？Yes, she is. 是的,她在帮。No, she isnt. 不,她没有帮。7. Thats no good. no good意为“无益，没有好处；不合适的，不方便的”。句型Its no good doing sth. 意为“做某事没有益处。”例如：The road is no good; its rough and full of holes.这条路坑坑洼洼的，太差劲了。Its no good going there.去那里没有好处。句式精练I. 句型转换，每空一词。1. Dont swim! (改为同义句)_ _!2. I expected to receive your letter. (改为同义句)I _ _ _ _ your letter.3. You mustnt tell it to anyone. (改为祈使句)Please _ _ it to anyone.4. We were allowed to sing and dance in the room. (改为否定句)We _ allowed to sing _ dance in the room.5. I hope that I will visit the Summer Palace in the future. (改为同义句) I hope _ _ the Summer Palace in the future.6. Its no wonder that the children love to visit the farm. (改为同义句) _ _ the children love to visit the farm.7. If you dont study hard, you wont pass the exam. (改为同义句) Study hard, you wont pass the exam.8. Dont break the rule of our school. (改为同义句) Dont be the rule of our school.II. 根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。1.这首歌听起来很美，难怪这么多人喜欢。 The song _very beautiful, _ _ so many people like it.2. 医院不允许吸烟。People _ _ _ _ in the hospital.3. 快点！这边走！我一直盼望见到她。Come on! This way! Im _ _ _ _ her.4. 他因为违反了规定受到了处罚。He for breaking the rule.5. 我确信他这学期一定会取得巨大进步。I he will make great progress this term.6.有困难请给我们来电话。Please telephone us when you are .III. 单句改错。1. Dont be crazy about computers games, and your parents will be worried._2. Thats no good to eat junk food._3. He is very interesting in physics._4. Have you ever compared your speed at that of a dog?_5. How an excellent book it is!_6. Li Ming has filled the basket with apples. Now the basket is fill of apples._IV. 综合填空。 阅读短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个为多余。hard, while, learn, come out, father, be, quickly, afraid Once upon a time, there lived a family of mice in the kitchen. One Saturday morning Father Mouse and his son felt hungry and (1) _ for food. (2) _ they were looking for food, they saw a big cat. Baby Mouse was very (3) _ and climbed onto his (4)_ back. Father Mouse shouted at the cat. “Woof, woof!” The cat ran away (5) _. “Wow, dad, youre great!” said Baby Mouse. “Well, son, thats why its important to (6) _ a second language.” answered Father Mouse.参考答案I. 句型转换，每空一词。1. No swimming 2. looked forward to receiving 3. dont tell 4. werent; or 5. to visit 6. No wonder 7.or 8.againstII. 根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。1. sounds, no wonder 2. arent allowed to smoke 3. looking forward to seeing 4. was punished 5. am sure 6. in trouble III. 单句改错。1. and 改为or。2. to eat 改为eating。3. interesting改为 interested。4. at改为 with。5. How 改为What。6. fill改为 full。IV. 综合填空。 1. came out 2. While 3. afraid 4. fathers 5. quickly 6. learn
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