2018-2019学年高二数学上学期期中试题 理(无答案) (IV).doc

2018-2019学年高二数学上学期期中试题 理(无答案) (IV)考试时间：100分钟 满分120分第一部分: 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分, 满分40分）第一节:（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将本题涂黑。The National Postal Museum is divided into galleries that explore Americas postal history. Visitors will have a full picture of the creation and fantastic varieties of postage stamps.World of StampsVideo images bring stamps to life and attract visitors who explore the surrounding displays. Visitors encounter the worlds first postage stamp the 1840 Penny Black and learn how it revolutionized munication. Stamp images, including Dr. Martin Luther Kings “I have a dream” speech and the stamp that helped raise almost $72 million dollars for breast cancer research, explain how stamps have shaped history and honored people and places worldwide.Gems of American PhilatelyVisitors have the opportunity of examining 13 of the most rare and highly valued stamps in the world of the stamp collection, including the most famous American stamp of all, the 1918 Inverted Jenny. A video explains why the Inverted Jenny and other stamps displayed here are the most valuable. The treasures in this area are rarely available for public viewing. Each tells a story about an important event in US history.Mail Marks HistoryThe markings on mail provide valuable clues to the surprising ways mail has been transported over time, including challenges and even disasters encountered along the way. You will understand these markings by following the journeys of three historic letters.Connect with US StampsVisitors explore their own connections with stamps. At three touch screen tables, they create their own stamp collection based on the topics that interest them most. They can also create their own stamp designs. Visitors have the chance to view videos in which stamp designers talk about their craft, stamp collectors explain what they collect and why, and footage(片段) shows the process of making stamps.1. What can you do at World of Stamps?A. Photograph some nice stamps on display.B. Learn more about the great importance of stamps.C. Donate money to cancer research.D. Listen to a speech by Martin Luther King on video2. What can you see at Gems of American Philately?A. Some famous designers in the US.B. Some newly released stamps in the US.C. Some of the most valuable US stamps.D. Some important public reviews of stamps.3. Where can you see how stamps are created?A. Connect with US Stamps B. Gems of American PhilatelyC. Mail Marks History D. World of Stamps4. Where does this text e from?A. An official report. B. An exhibition guide.C. An announcement. D. An art show review.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了美国国家邮政博物馆几个展厅的展览内容。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据World of Stamps中Video images bring stamps to life and attract visitors who explore the surrounding displays.和下文列举世界上第一张邮票，马丁路德金演讲邮票和帮助乳腺癌研究筹钱邮票的例子，说明在这里人们能够更多了解邮票的知识和重要性。故选B.【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Gems of American Philately中Visitors have the opportunity of examining 13 of the most rare and highly valued stamps in the world of the stamp collection,可知游客们在这里能够有机会欣赏到世界上最珍贵的13枚邮票。故选C.【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Connect with US Stamps中They can also create their own stamp designs. Visitors have the chanceand footage(片段) shows the process of making stamps.可知在这里能够看到邮票制作的过程。故选A.【4题详解】推理判断题。本文介绍了美国国家邮政博物馆几个展厅的展览内容，此类文章不属于官方报告，公告，也不属于艺术展览评论。它属于展览指导，故选B.【点睛】细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。本文介绍了美国国家邮政博物馆几个展厅的展览内容。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题2根据Gems of American Philately中Visitors have the opportunity of examining 13 of the most rare and highly valued stamps in the world of the stamp collection,可知游客们在这里能够有机会欣赏到世界上最珍贵的13枚邮票。小题3根据Connect with US Stamps中They can also create their own stamp designs. Visitors have the chanceand footage(片段) shows the process of making stamps.可知在这里能够看到邮票制作的过程。BTwo of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.My father is famous in our family for saying “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.I dont only avoid those “if only” moments when it es to safety. Its equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you.” When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my pany and I wouldnt be here. But then I thought about the fact that he was 84 years old and I realized that I shouldnt give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that Im doing the right thing. Im buying myself peace of mind and thats the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.5. Which of the following is an example of the “extra minute” rule?A. Start the car the moment everyone is seated.B. Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.C. Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.D. Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.6. The underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_.A. abandoned B. avoidedC. lacked D. taken7. The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to _.A. join in the holiday celebration of the panyB. keep her appointment with the eye doctorC. finish her work before the deadline approachedD. meet her father who was already an old man8. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Two Saddest Words B. The Most Useful RuleC. The Peace of Mind D. The Emotional Well-being【答案】5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A【解析】【分析】本文主要叙述了通过extra minute rule来避免以后说if only的情况。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一、二段的内容可知，作者所说的extra minute rule是指在遇事时多思考一分钟，从而可以避免以后遗憾、犯错或失望。C项“在绊倒别人之前把障碍物挪走”,属于“extra minute”规则。故选C.【6题详解】词义猜测题。划线词所在句and前后连接语意相似成分，由其前失去一个心爱的人或物可推知此处是指“后悔放弃一个机会”，foregone意为“放弃”与abandoned同义，故选A【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句But then I thought about the fact that hes 84 years old and I realized that I shouldnt give up an opportunity to see him.可知父亲说在周五去看眼科医生时经过作者的办公室，虽然那天是假日，但作者想到父亲84了，自己不应该放弃每一次见父亲的机会，于是又改口说那天上班。故选B.【8题详解】主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文主要叙述了作者通过extra minute rule来避免以后说if only的情况。if only作为线索贯穿了整篇文章，且第一段也提到了the saddest words，The Two Saddest Words适合作为标题，其他选项比较笼统，不能涵盖本文内容。故选B.【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。小题4 要求判断本文标题，通读文章可知，本文主要叙述了作者通过extra minute rule来避免以后说if only的情况。if only作为线索贯穿了整篇文章，且第一段也提到了the saddest words，The Two Saddest Words适合作为标题，其他选项比较笼统，不能涵盖本文内容。CMelinda Skaar wasnt expecting any phone calls. Skaar was working late in her office at the First Internet bank of California. By 10:45 that night she was almost ready to go home when the phone rang. Picking it up, she heard a guard shouting, “There is a fire! Get out of there.” Skaar didnt panic. She figured that it was just a small fire. Her office building was huge. There were 62 floors and her desk was on the 37th floor. Skaar called out to office mate Stephen Oksas, who also stayed late to work. But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.Then they called 911. Before they could call their families, however, the line went dead. That meant that they were pletely cut off from the outside world. All they could do was wait and hope someone would e to rescue them.Minutes ticked by. Smoke began to float into the office. Soon it became hard for them to breathe. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there. That helped for a while, but in time even the workroom was filled with deadly smoke. Hopeless, they tried to break the windows, but the glass was not breakable. Everything they threw at it just bounced back. Defeated, they struggled back to the workroom. They felt weak and dizzy. Soon Skaar found Oksas had passed out.As Skaar and Oksas lay near death, rescuers were rushing to find them. At last, at about 4 a.m., firefighters found them.Skaar and Oksas knew they were lucky to be alive. Sunday is my birthday, Skaar told a reporter. She would be turning 29, but she knew she had already got the best present possiblethe gift of life.9. What did Skaar and Oksas do when they were stopped by the fire?A. they tried to run down the stairs. B. they called their families.C. they waited where they were. D. they rushed back and shut the door.10. The following helped Skaar and Oksas survive the fire except .A. calling 911 for helpB. shutting the door and keeping the smoke out with a jacketC. breaking the windows to get some fresh airD. crowding in a small workroom for clean air11. what can we conclude from Skaars action in the fire?A. she was trained as a firefighterB. she was cleverer than OksasC. she had had the experience of being caught in fire.D. she remained calm in the face of danger【答案】9. D 10. C 11. D【解析】本文是一篇故事，讲述了Skaar和Oksas面对火灾从容面对的故事。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.可知他们走到走廊时想下楼时，一团黑烟迎面扑来。他们赶紧跑回去关上门，用她的夹克填满了门底部的空隙，把烟挡在外面。故选D.【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.第二段Then they called 911.第三段Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there.可知在火灾中Skaar and Oksas为了生存做的事，C项没有，故选C.【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文中Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out. Then they called 911. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there.和they tried to break the windows,这些Skaar的行为可知，面对火灾她保持镇静，从容面对。故选D.DA fourth-grade teacher allowed one of her students to shave her head in the schoolyard, after bullies（仗势欺人者） teased him about his own short buzz cut（短寸头发型）. Tori Nelson got the idea after noticing that Matthew Finney, a shy boy from her homeroom at Winlock Miller Elementary School in Washington state, was standing outside his classroom crying and wearing a winter hat.Ms. Nelson could see the back of his neck had been shaved, and since Matthew usually had very thick brown curly hair, she realized that hed had a haircut over the weekend. She asked him what was wrong, and he said hed gotten a buzz cut for the summer. But this morning, a fifth grader on the bus made fun of him, and he didnt want to e to class and get teased by other kids. Ms Nelson tried to convince Matthew to e inside, but since school rules prohibit kids from wearing hats indoors he refused explaining that he was afraid of showing his haircut to the other children in case they also made fun of him.Finally I said: “If you take off your hat and e to class, Ill let you give me a buzz cut ,too, Ms Nelson told Yahoo Parenting.I figured its just hair, and mine is already short anyway. I might as well get it shorter in time for the warm weather.Matthew excitedly took her up on the offer, and Ms Nelson and another teacher gathered all the fourth graders together during break time. A school employee brought in scissors, which Matthew used to the cheers of his classmates, excitedly watching as his teachers hair fell away onto the ground in the schoolyard.It was a lot of fun for the kids, and it helped Matthew feel better about himself, said Ms Nelson.You have to do what it takes to reach children. Teaching isnt just about reading and writing, its about self-esteem and accepting differences.12. What mainly led to Matthews standing outside the classroom?A. His fear of being laughed atB. His willingness to learnC. His violating school rulesD. His not finishing his homework.13. Why did Ms. Nelson have her head shaved?A. To show sympathy for Matthew.B. To fort and encourage Matthew.C. To prepare for the warm weather.D. To show her unique personality.14. What is Ms Nelson like?A. responsible and caring B. knowledgeable and creativeC. Humorous and easygoing D. Strong and determined15. What is the best title for the passage?A. The real meaning of teachingB. Stand up to school bullyingC. Teach kids to respect differencesD. A haircut full of love【答案】12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D【解析】本文讲述了Matthew由于害怕同学们嘲笑自己的头发不敢进教室，老师Tori Nelson安慰他，并和他一起剪头发的故事。【12题详解】细节理解题。第二段But this morning, a fifth grader on the bus made fun of him, and he didnt want to e to class and get teased by other kids.和explaining that he was afraid of showing his haircut to the other children in case they also made fun of him.可知Matthew在教室外哭泣不敢进去是因为害怕同学们嘲笑他。故选A.【13题详解】推理判断题。根据老师Tori Nelson和学生一起剪头发和最后一段It was a lot of fun for the kids, and it helped Matthew feel better about himself, 和Teaching isnt just about reading and writing, its about self-esteem and accepting differences.可知Tori Nelson老师这样做是为了给学生安慰和鼓励，培养学生的自尊。故选B.【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Ms Nelson tried to convince Matthew to e inside.老师对学生说的“If you take off your hat and e to class, Ill let you give me a buzz cut ,too,和最后一段It was a lot of fun for the kids, and it helped Matthew feel better about himself,可知Tori Nelson老师对学生负责任，关心学生。故选A.【15题详解】主旨大意题。本文讲述了Matthew由于害怕同学们嘲笑自己的头发不敢进教室，老师Tori Nelson安慰他，并和他一起剪头发的故事，表现了老师既负责又有爱心。D. A haircut full of love概括了本文内容，表达了本文主题，适合作为本文标题。故选D.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。注意：涂在答题纸上：AB代表E，AC代表F，AD代表G，本涂法只限于平时测试，大型正规考试按卷上要求作答）Have you ever had the following experience? You have been given the task of organizing a conference, which includes a must-do list about a mile long. There is the conference site, the guest list, the materials, the technology and even the food and drink to think about and plan. If you are beginning to feel the stress, slow down and take a breath. _16_.Write down your goals. You will need to clearly define what you hope to acplish with this conference because this will shape the rest of your decisions. _17_.Develop your budget. _18_. Then break that budget into different parts such as conference site, materials and speakers fees. Stick to your budget, and make sure your assistants are keeping their monetary limits as well._19_. When searching for locations, keep in mind the number of participants, the convenience of the location, parking and closeness to public transportation, airports and hotels. Your goal in finding a place to hold the conference should be making it as easy as possible for participants to attend.Seek help from the staff of the conference site. If you have chosen a site that is known for holding conferences, you can seek help from the staff there as organizing meeting is what they do every day. _20_. They should be able to answer any questions or concern and provide advice when needed.Of course, full preparations also include a walk-through. Go to the site and meet with the staff the day before to be certain that everything is in place and to take care of any small details.A. Decide on a schedule for the meetingB. Choose your conference siteC. Read the following skills to figure out how to organize a conferenceD. Knowing what you want to achieve eases the stress of moving forwardE. Make full use of this important resourceF. You can do nothing without knowing how much money you have to spendG. Seek help from your colleagues to support every aspect of the meeting【答案】16. C 17. D 18. F 19. B 20. E【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了如何高效地组织大型会议。【16题详解】C此句位于句末，起承上启下的作用。上文说当人们面临大型会议的任务时，往往感到有巨大的压力，下文介绍了高效组织大型会议的几条建议，故此空是承上启下的过渡句，故选C。organize是关键词。【17题详解】D根据本段小标题Write down your goals.及前一句You will need to clearly define what you hope to acplish with this conference because this will shape the rest of your decisions.（你需要清楚地规定你希望在这次会议上完成什么，因为这将决定你的其他决定。）可知，D项“知道你想要达到什么能减轻前进的压力”符合本段内容，承接上一句。故选D。acplish与achieve相照应。【18题详解】F本段小标题是Develop your budget.，与钱有关，与钱有关的只有F项。关键词budget与how much money相照应。【19题详解】B此空考查段落标题。本段介绍了选择会议地点时的注意事项，故选B。【20题详解】E根据段落主题句关键词help from the staff of the conference site.和空格前一句If you have chosen a site that is known for holding conferences, you can seek help from the staff there as organizing meeting is what they do every day.可知，在组织会议时您可以寻求举办会议地点处的工作人员的帮助，充分利用这个重要的资源。故选E。第二部分:英语知识运用（共两节,满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2140各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。It was a freezing, windy winter night in Manhattan. I was walking to catch a train home, totally_21_in the next days to-do list, not paying any attention to my surroundings. “Hey man, I love your nice hat!”, said a voice to me from the sidewalk. When I_22_to see where it came from, I saw a man _23_dressed, carrying a garbage bag, standing outside a _24_with a warm smile on his face. As I was about to say thank you, a woman walked by. “Hey lady, you have the most beautiful eyes. Can you_25_some change?This homeless man had no _26_of talking to anyone and he was excellent at _27_up others. I felt pulled to help him use that_28_ .I introduced myself, and _29_him to dinner inside. “Ralphs the name. Thank you so much, sir!” he said.As we sat down and ate, I told Ralph that I felt he had an amazing talent for_30_with people._31_ at first, he eventually began to open up. He spoke much about how he used to love to_32_. He was like a fishermans encyclopedia ( 百科全书). I asked him what he could see himself doing, and he said that he thought he could be a good _33_. So I asked him if he ever_34_going to the store right down the street and telling them he would help them sell their fishing equipment. There was a pause.Ralph put his hands over his face _35_ he spoke through tears. Ill never _36_what he said next. “ I had a job and a family._37_ , I didnt know how to handle these things. I_38_my problems. For 11 years, no one has ever done anything like this for me. Its time for me to make things_39_again. By the end, I was in _40_as well. Ralph thanked me for my help, and we went our separate ways.21. A. interest B. absorbed C. set D. taken22. A. turned out B. settled down C. got off D. looked back23. A. casually B. formally C. shabbily D. fashionably24. A. station B. store C. bookshop D. restaurant25. A. spare B. show C. make D. introduce26. A. fear B. tendency C. sign D. courage27. A. setting B. bringing C. lighting D. picking28. A. opportunity B. potential C. qualification D. reputation29. A. pushed B. forced