主语从句和同位语.ppt

NounClauses 二 主语主语在系表结构中是句子陈述的对象 说明是谁或什么Hiswordsareright Whathesaysisright 主语在主谓宾结构中是执行句子的行为或动作的主体Hisdeedsupsetme Whathedidupsetme 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替 而本身放在句子末尾 Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotclear Itisobviousthatheisthebeststudentintheclass 主语从句的结构 ThatTomdiedyesterdayisagreatshocktous 连词从句系动词表语1 从句做主语2 从句的连词位于从句句首而且不可以省略3 从句陈述语序4 从句被视为三人称单数 有例外 5 从句时态不受主句的限制和影响 引导主语从句的连接词词有三类 1 连词that whether 不做句子成分 2 连接代词who what which 主语和宾语 连接副词when where how why等 状语 根据具体的意思和结构选用不同的连接词 连词的选用 Example Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity Whetherhewillcomeisuncertain that whether不做任何成分Wherehehasgoneisunknown 连接副词在从句中作状语Whatyoudoiswrong 连接代词在从句从中做宾语 what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 定语而that则不然 1 Whatyousaidyesterdayisright 2 Thatsheisstillaliveisgoodnews 连接词的比较 宾语 不作成分 whether引导的主语从句含有是否的意思that引导的主语从句是一个事实Tomcansucceedremainsunknown Tompassedtheexammademehappy 连词whetherandthat Whether That 特殊词whateverandwhoever whatever anythingthatwhoever anyonewho不管是谁犯了法 他都应该受到惩罚 Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished WhateveryouchoosewillbeOK AnythingthatyouchoosewillbeOK 2主谓一致谓语动词一般用单数 无论他说什么都不重要 isofnoimportance 特殊情况一What引导的名词性从句 系动词 名词 WhatIneed money MoneyiswhatIneed WhatIneed books BooksarewhatIneed Whateverhesays is are 主语从句后置Thatweshallbelateiscertain It scertainthatweshallbelate 1 Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall 2 Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance It sknowntoallthattheearthisround It的用法 形式主语 Itis 形容词 that clauseIt spossible important necessary clearthat Itispossiblethatwecanfinishthetaskontime Itis 名词 that clauseIt sapity shamethat 很可惜It safactthat 是一个事实It snowonderthat 难怪Itisapitythatyoudidn tcomeyesterday It 不及物动词 that clauseItseemsthat 似乎 Itturnedoutthat 结果Ithappensthat 碰巧Itoccurstosb that某人突然想起 Tomysurprise itturnedoutthatIwaswrong 让我惊讶的是 最后竟是我错了 ItoccurstomethatIhaven tfinishedmyhomeworkyet ItneveroccurredtomethatIwouldmeetLuXun It 过去分词 that clauseIt ssaidthat 据说 翻译 据说他发现了一种新的植物 It sreportedthat 据报道 翻译 据报道 有500人死于地震中 Ithasbeenprovedthat 已经被证实Ithasbeenprovedthatheisinnocent Ithasn tbeendecided 翻译 新的餐馆什么时候开放还没有决定 Itiswell knownthat 很出名 Itissaidthathehasdiscoveredanewplant Itisreportedthat500peoplediedinthequake Ithasn tbeendecidedyetwhenthenewrestaurantwillopen 主语从句的虚拟式 Itis 形容词 that 虚拟语气这类形容词有necessary important strange urgent natural Itisnecessarythatyoushouldhavearest Itisurgentthatameeting beforethefinaldecisionismade A willbearrangedB mustbearrangedC bearrangedD wouldbearranged C 要求demand desire request require 建议suggest advise propose 命令order command坚决主张insist 这一类词构成了主语从句从句要用虚拟语气 Itissuggestedthatchildrenshouldbeprotectedfirstwhendangercomes 有人建议当危险来临的时候 应该先保护孩子 Nounclausesastheappositive Grammar 什么是同位语 同位语用来对前面的名词或代词做进一步解释或说明 可以是单词 短语或从句 Mr Smith ournewEnglishteacher isverystrictwithusinEnglishstudy ProfessorSmith sfavoriteexercise playingtennisafterschool kepthimfit Thefactthatseawatercan tbeusedfordrinkingisknowntousall 例句对比 Idon tknowthatheisTom 宾语从句IhavenoideathatheisTom 同位语从句HegivesmeasuggestionthatIshouldcomeearly 同位语从句HesuggeststhatIshouldcomeearly 宾语从句 在复合句中充当同位语成分的名词性从句叫做同位语从句 同位语从句一般跟在一些抽象名词 news idea fact promise question doubt thought hope message suggestion word 消息 possibility 后面 对名词作进一步解释说明 结构 n 连接词 从句 同位语从句含义 Ifollowedmydoctor sadvicethatIshouldtakeregularexercise 我听从了我的医生的建议我应该定期的锻炼 同位语从句和所解释的名词在内容上为同一关系 对其内容作进一步说明 如 连词的选择 引导同位语从句的连接词词有三类 1 连词that whether 不做成分 2 连接代词who what which连接副词when where how why等连词的选用要根据具体句子意思而定 1 Theideathatshipsmadeofsteelcouldfloat名词连词从句surprisedmanypeopleatthattime 2 Hewillhavetoanswerthequestionwhether名词连词hehasmarriedwhenhejoinsthearmy 从句3 Theproblemwhatheshouldeatforlunchbothershimalot 午餐该吃什么这个问题让他很伤脑筋 同位语从句的位置 1 同位语从句一般位于名词后Thefactthatlightgoesfasterthansoundisknowntousall Henrymadeapromisethathewouldnotopentheletteruntil2o clock Wordcamethatwewonthefirstplaceinthesportsmeeting 消息传来说我们在运动会上得了第一名 2 当主句的谓语较短 而同位语从句较长时 同位语从句常后置 区分同位语从句和定语从句时 可以在先行词与从句之间加一个系动词be 使之构成一个表语从句 如果句子通顺且符合逻辑 则为同位语从句 反之 则为定语从句 如 3 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 IamhappyatthenewsthatIhavepassedtheexam 同位语从句用be连接之后 句子为 ThenewsisthatIhavepassedtheexam IamfondoftheflowersthatIgrowinthegarden 定语从句用be连接之后 句子为 TheflowersarethatIgrowinthegarden 同位语从句和定语从句简易区别法 1 同位语从句 that只起连接作用 不作任何成分定语从句 that是关系代词 起连接作用和充当宾语和主语2 同位语从句 同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系 对名词进行补充说明定语从句 定从和前面的名词是限定修饰关系 对名词进行修饰 加以限定3 同位语从句 that不能省定语从句 that在从句中作宾语时 可以省 IamhappyatthenewsthatIhavepassedtheexam 同位语从句that起连接作用在从句中不做任何成分不可以省略从句是用来补充说明 thenews 的IamfondoftheflowersthatIgrowinthegarden 定语从句that起连接作用在从句中做宾语 可省略从句是用来修饰限定 theflowers 的 同位语从句的的虚拟语气 在suggestion advice request order等表示命令请求的词语后的从句应该改用虚拟语气IfollowedTom sadvicethatI should takeregularexercise 我听从了Tom的建议我应该定期锻炼常见的这一类词有demand request ordersuggestion advice command proposal 提议 1 Itworriedherabit herhairwasturninggrey A whichB thatC ifD for2 isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage A ThereB ThisC ThatD It3 It suncertain theexperimentisworthdoing A ifB thatC whetherD how B C D 4 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons A What whyB That whatC What becauseD Why that5 fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect A WhatB ThatC ThisD Which A B 6 we llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather A IfB WhetherC ThatD Where7 leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights A AnyoneB ThepersonC WhoeverC Who8 mannersareveryimportantineverycountryisknowntoall butthetroubleis differentcountrieshavedifferentideasabout goodmannersare A That that whatB That what whatC What that thatD What what that B C A 9 hewon tgothereiscleartoallofus A HowB WhatC WhyD This10 Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent atleastaforeignlanguage A mastersB shouldmasterC masteredD willmaster11 Does matterifhecan tfinishthejobontime A thisB thatC itD he B C C 12 wehaveseenisquitedifferentfrom wehaveheard sothinktwicebeforeyoumakeadecision A That thatB What thatC That whatD What what13 hesawinhisofficethedaybeforeyesterdayisstillapuzzle A ThatB WhoseC WhichD Whom14 teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships A NomatterwhatB NomatterwhichC WhateverD Whichever D D D Unit4Astronomy thescienceofthestarsLearningaboutlanguage presentpresenceviolentconfidentdifferentpatient violence confidence difference patience 1Usethecorrectprefixorsuffixforeachword Writeoutthenewwordandexplainthedifferencebetweenthetwo Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions certainfairpaidlikekind unkind uncertain unfair unpaid unlike cultureglobeuniverseagriculturemathematics mathematical cultural global universal agricultural artphysicschemistrybiologyscience scientist artist physicist chemist biologist 1 Atthebeginning theearthhadno A dustB atomsC waterD matter2 Thedevelopmentofaplanetgenerallydependson combiningtogether A atomsB rocksC gasesD water C A 2Choosesthecorrectwordtofillineachoftheseblanks 3 The ofmammalshappenedafterthedisappearanceofthedinosaurs A harmfulB systemC spreadD method4 Mammals whentheanimalsthatwereharmfultothemdisappeared A preventedB multipliedC dependedD existed C B Isthemoonaplanet Thisquestionis ifstudentsaretoshowthattheyunderstandthenatureof fundamental astronomy astronomyatomfundamentalpuzzleexistprevent fromasaresultgavebirthto 3Completethefollowingpassagewiththewordsandphrasesbelowinthecorrectform Somescientiststhinkthattheearth themoonbecausethemooncirclesourplanet Othersbelievethatthemoon beforetheearthwasformed Theythinkthatearlierintimeittraveledthroughspaceasasmallplanetwhichwascaughtbytheearth sgravity itgoesaroundourplanet gavebirthto existed Asaresult Theevidenceforthistheoryisthatthe thatmakeuptherocksonthemoonseemtobedifferentfromthoseonearth Whatisclearisthatthemoonissmallerthantheearthandthis it escapingfromtheearth Althoughitsoriginmaystillbea themooncanneverbeanythingmorethanasatelliteoftheearth atoms prevents from puzzle