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Revision module B词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. 形容词辨析：alive/lively/live/living（1）alive作形容词，意为“有生命的，活的”，常作表语或后置定语。例如：He was alive when they took him to the hospital.人们把他送到医院时他还活着。He is the only person alive in the accident. 他是这次事故中唯一活着的人。（2）lively作形容词，意为“充满活力的，活泼的，有生气的”，常用作定语或表语。例如：She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.她是个充满活力的年轻女性，富有忍耐力和想象力。（3）live作形容词，意为“活的，有生命的（主要用来指鸟或其他动物）；现场的，直播的”， 常作定语。例如：Look! There is a live fish in the pool. 看！池子里有一条活鱼。We watched a live television show. 我们观看了一场电视现场直播的表演。（4）living作形容词，意为“活的，健在的”。例如：His grandpa is still living at the age of 96. 他爷爷96岁了，仍然健在。2. by the way/in the way/on the way/in a way（1）by the way意为“顺便说一声”。例如：By the way，have you seen Harry recently？顺便说一句，你最近见过哈里吗？（2）in the way有“挡路”的意思，还有“用这种方法”的意思。例如：Sorry, you are in the way. 对不起，你挡路了。In this way, he has collected a great many stamps.用这种方法他收集了大量的邮票。（3）on the way 意为“在去某地的路上”。例如：On the way to the station，I bought some chocolate.在去车站的路上我买了些巧克力。（4）in a way意为“从某种意义上说”。例如：Ina way, it is an important book.在某种意义上，这是一本重要的书。3. success/succeed/successful（1）success 作名词，表示抽象意义的“成功”，是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”，则是可数名词。例如：Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。His new book was a great success. 他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。（2）succeed作动词，意为“成功”，是不及物动词；表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常接in doing sth.。例如：His plan succeeded. 他的计划成功了。At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 他终于把那个问题解决了。She succeeded in (passing) the exam. 她考试及格了。（3）successful作形容词，意为“成功的”。例如：The performance was successful. 演出很成功。It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。4. against against作介词，其用法如下：（1）反对，违反。对应的反义词为for，常用于be against sb. / sth.反对某人/某事。例如： Are most people against having a part-time job? 大多数人反对做兼职工作吗？（2）和交战（指竞争、比赛等）。例如： Well have a basketball match against the team from No. 2 Middle School next week. 下星期我们将与二中的球队举行一场篮球赛。（3）倚着、靠着。例如： There was a ladder propped up(支撑) against the wall. 这有一把梯子靠着墙。（4）防备，抗。例如： She saved money against old age. 她攒钱防老。（5）逆着。例如： We are sailing against the wind. 我们（的船）正逆风航行。（6）衬托，相映，对照。例如：Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。5. borrow/lend/keep（1）borrow是“借进”，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere结构，意为“从某人/某地借来某物”。例如：He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他从银行借了很多钱。May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？You can borrow the book from the library. 你可以从图书馆借这本书。（2）lend是“借出”，即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于lend sth. to sb. 或lend sb. sth.结构中，意为“借给某人某物”。例如：I dont like to lend my TV set to Tom. 我不想把电视机借给Tom。（3）keep 意为“保存”，是延续性动词，borrow是瞬间动词，如果与一段时间连用，要用keep代替borrow。例如：Can I keep the book a little longer? 我借这本书的时间能长点吗？I have kept the book for two weeks. I will return it to the library this afternoon.这本书我已经借了两周了，今天下午我要把它还给图书馆。6. keep（1）keep作动词，意思是“保持”，常见的结构为keep+形容词/动词-ing形式，意为“使某物保持某种状态”。例如： The cat keeps running after the rat, trying to catch it. 那只猫一直在追赶老鼠，想要抓住它。 I need to keep fit. 我需要保持健康。Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。（2）keep的后面还可以用keep sb. doing sth.，表示“让某人一直做某事”。例如： You keep me waiting for half an hour.你让我等了半个小时。7. present（1）present作形容词，意为“出席的,在场的”；“现在的,当前的”。例如：How many people were present at the meeting? 到会的有多少人? Im not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对目前的情况一点都不满意。 （2）present作名词，the present意为“现在,目前”；“礼物,赠品”。例如：There is no time like the present. 机不可失，时不再来。 He often gave his neighbors kids little presents. 他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。（3）present作动词，意为“赠送,呈献”，后接to/with。例如：They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花。 8. receive receive作动词，意为“收到，接到，得到”，其后可接介词from。例如：I received a letter from my mother. 我收到母亲的一封来信。【拓展】receive与accept的辨析：两个词都作动词用，都表示“接受，收到”之意，但在用法上有所不同。receive表示的行为与主观意愿没有关系，着重于行为本身，不涉及收到者是否同意。动作本身有一定的被动性。accept表示的行为由主语的主观意志所决定，强调经过主语的考虑而接受。动作本身是主动的。例如：I received his invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it.我昨天收到了他的晚会请柬，但我拒绝接受。9. dis-; -able等前缀、后缀构词法（1）前缀1) dis-主要用在动词之前或名词和形容词前，表示相反意义。例如：disappear消失；dislike不喜欢；discover发现；disobey不遵守；disbelieve不相信；disadvantage不利条件；dishonest不诚实的 2) in-; im-; un-; il-; ir-用在形容词前，表示否定意义。例如：indirect间接的；incorrect不正确的；inactive不活动的；impossible不可能的；unable不能的；unhealthy不健康的；unsuccessful不成功的；illegal非法的；irregular不规则的 3) re-用在动词前，表示“重新，再”。例如： rebuild重建；recycle再循环；reconsider重新考虑（2）后缀 1) able：名词或动词变为形容词，表示“可的；显示性质”。例如：respectable可敬的；eatable可吃的；comfortable舒服的；valuable有价值的；fashionable时髦的；loveable可爱的。 2) ful：名词或动词变为形容词，表示“充满的”。例如：beautiful漂亮的；successful成功的；wonderful精彩的；hopeful有希望的 3) less：名词变为形容词，表示“没有的”。例如：jobless无业的；homeless无家可归的；helpless无助的 4) ous：名词变为形容词，表示“具有性质的”。例如：dangerous危险的；humorous幽默的 5) er/-or动词变为名词，表示“的人/物”。例如：player选手；writer作家；driver驾驶员 actor演员（尤指男演员）词汇精练I. 英汉互译。1. make sense_ 2. 顺便说一下_3. 遭受_ 4. take pride in_5. protect . against . _ 6. 由制成_7. hear from sb._ 8. allow sb. to do sth._9. keep away_ 10. cut off _II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。1. These kinds of machines _(make) in Shanghai.2. English _(learn) as the second language by most student in China.3. A new book _(write) in Chinese next year.4. Many students in Zhoushan _(send) to the schools in Lanzhou in September, xx.5. Im sure you can make the camel _(lie) down6. The thing that _(surprise) us most in London was fog7. Lily met with many _ (difficult) on her visit to Xian. 8. In the end, Aunt Li _ (choose) to go to the airport by taxi. 9. Try _(call) him. Maybe he is at home now.10. She likes working in the field instead of _(stay) at home.III. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)。possible，other，they，do，true，someone，dream，by，impossible，morning，turn，reallyGrow Great by Dreams The question was once asked of a highly successful businessman：“How have you 1 so much in your lifetime?” He replied，“I have dreamedI have 2 them into what I wanted to doThen I have gone to bed and thought about my 3 In the night I dreamt about my dreamsAnd when I woke in the 4 ，I saw the way to make my dreams realWhile other people were saying，You cant do that；it isnt 5 ， I was well on my way to reach what I wanted”As Woodrow Wilson，28th President of the U. S.，said，“We grow great 6 dreamsAll big men are dreamers” They see things in the soft fog of a spring day，or in the red fire on a long winters eveningSome of us let these great dreams die，but 7 nourish(滋养) and protect them；nourish them through bad days until they bring 8 to the sunshine and light which comes always to those who sincerely hope that their dreams will come 9 So please，dont let 10 steal your dream，or try to tell you they are too impossible “Sing your song，dream your dreams，hope your hope and pray your prayer”【参考答案】I. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成下列句子。1. 有意义，合理 2. by the way3. suffer from 4. 以为自豪5. 保护不受；使不受 6. be made of/from7. 收到某人的来信 8. 允许某人做某事9. 避开；躲开；使远离 10. 切断；隔绝；断绝II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。1. are made 2. is learned 3. will be written 4. were sent 5. lie6. surprised 7. difficulties 8. chose 9. calling10. stayingIII. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)。1done 2turned 3dreams 4morning 5possible6by 7others 8them 9true 10anyone 句式精讲1. but I suppose he isnt as well-known as Confucius or Shakespeare. （1）动词suppose意为“猜想、假设”，suppose后接后面用that从句，that可以省略。例如：I suppose he is not yet twenty. 我猜想他不到二十岁。（2）be supposed to后面用动词原形，表示“被期望做某事、应该做某事”，相当于情态动词should。例如：You are supposed to say hello to the foreigners. 你应该跟这些外宾打招呼。【拓展】（1）当句子的主语是人的时候，be supposed to表示“应该做某事、被期望做某事”，经常用来表示劝告、建议、义务和责任等。这里be supposed to相当于情态动词should。例如： You are supposed to ask our teacher if you want to leave the classroom. 如果你要离开教室，应该先问一问我们的老师。（2）当句子的主语是物的时候，be supposed to表示“本应该”的意思，经常用来表示某事物本应该发生而没有发生。例如： The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to put it off. 这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把他推迟了。（3）短语be supposed to do sth.的否定形式是be not supposed to do sth.，表示“命令和禁止”，意为“不应该做某事”。例如：You are not supposed to talk loudly in class. 你不应该在课堂上大声交谈。（4） be supposed to的后面接have+过去分词，表示“本应该做完的事情而没有做完”。 例如：My mother is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 我的妈妈应该一个小时前就到了。2. Paper and printing have been used for ages. （1）be used for意为“被用来做”，介词for表示用途，后接名词或动名词。例如：A pen is used for writing. 钢笔是被用来写字的。 （2）be used as意为“被用作”，介词as表示“作为”。例如：English is used as the second language in many countries. 英语在许多国家被当作第二语言使用。 （3）be used by意为“被使用”，介词by后面接动词的执行者。例如：English is used by travelers and business people all over the world. 英语被全世界旅行者和商人们使用。3. Does it lie off the northeast coast of Australia?lie是动词，意为“躺；位于”，过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain，现在分词为lying。例如：I found he was lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。【拓展】（1）lie作动词时，也可意为“撒谎”，过去式和过去分词是规则的，均为lied。lie也可用作名词，意为“谎言”。例如： Dont lie to me.不要向我撒谎。 The boy told a lie to me. 这个男孩向我撒了谎。原形词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie躺；位于laylainlyinglie说谎liedliedlying（2）英语中，部分以-ie结尾的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。例如： die dying tie tying lie lying4and who is protecting her books against the showers.protect作动词，意为“保护，防御，防护”。常与介词against/from连用。protectfrom/against意为“保护免受”，通常指使人或物免受危险、侵害或伤害。但较大的事件如天灾多用against，小事件如冷气则用from。例如： She protected her eyes from the sun with her hand.她用手遮住太阳以保护她的眼睛。He raised his arm to protect his child from hurt.他伸出手去，保护他的孩子免受伤害。 The farmer found all ways to protect plants against frost.这个农民想尽一切办法保护植物免受霜冻。5. when shopping and not ask for a plastic bag?ask for sth.“请求某事，要某物”，相当于want sth.。 ask sb. for sth.“向某人要某物或请求帮助”。例如： Please ask for help if you have some problems. 如果你有问题，请寻求帮助。 If you dont find the way to the school, please ask a policeman for help. 如果你找不到去学校的路，请向警察求助。【拓展】 （1）ask sb. sth. 表示“问某人某事”。例如： Can I ask you some questions? 我能问你一些问题吗？ （2）ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.“让某人不要做某事”。例如：I often ask him to help me with my housework. 我经常让他帮助我做家务。My mother asked me not to read in the sun.妈妈让我不要在太阳下看书。（3）ask sb. about sth.意为“询问某人有关某事；向某人打听某事”。例如： My father often calls me up and asks me about my study. 爸爸经常给我打电话，询问我的学习情况。句式精练I. 按要求完成句子。1How do you like the story?(改为同义句) _ do you _ _ the story?2I hope Ill be back soon(改为简单句) I hope _ _ back soon3Jim showed his photos to me last Sunday(改为同义句) Jim _ _ his photos last Sunday4Would you mind if I use your bike?(改为同义句) Would you mind _ _ your bike?5Its the most enjoyable journey that I have ever had(改为同义句) I have _ had _ an enjoyable journey before6The boy is very young，so he cant join the army(改为同义句) The boy is _ young _ join the army7His father worked in a factoryThis factory makes TV sets(合并成含有定语从句的复合句) His father worked in a factory _ _ TV sets8He was an English teacherHe loved climbing(合并成含有定语从句的复合句) He was an English teacher_ _ climbing9It is not possible to clean up the river in two days _ _ to clean up the river in two days10It is full of hope for the team to win the match It _ _ for the team to win the matchII. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1我必须到银行去取点钱。 I _ _ _ go to the bank to get some money2你对你的新校长看法如何? What do you _ _ your new headmaster?3我喜欢吃水果，比如苹果、梨、香蕉等等。 I like fruits，_ _ apples，pears，bananas.4他有很多钱。向他借点吧。 He has _ _ moneyBorrow some5你跟他再多说也是没用的。 Its _ _ _ any more words on him6. 虽然我们年级小，我们仍能为保护环境做一些事情。_ we are young, we can still _ _to protect the environment.7. 乘公交车去那儿花了我五分钟。It_ me five minutes _ _there by bus. 8我很抱歉，让你久等了。Im sorry to _ _ _ so long9. 你知道这些纸是丝制的吗？Do you know that the paper _ _ _ silk?10. 地球上有数以百万计的生物。There are _ _ living things on the earth. III. 补全对话。请阅读下面对话，从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成对话。其中有两个句子是多余的。（D=Darren, C= Carol）D: Hi, Carol! 1 C: Oh, hi, Darren. Im just getting ready for the Red Nose Day concert tomorrow.D: Oh, really? Well, Im free this afternoon. 2 C: Actually, Ive nearly finished. Jim and I are going to put up some ads later, though. Could you please help us with that?D: 3 C: Thats wonderful! Oh, theres one more thing. Would you mind coming early tomorrow to help sell tickets at the door?D: Not at all, 4 C: Around six would be great.D: OK. 5 C: Great. Thanks, Darren. A. No problem.B. See you then.C. Of course not.D. What are you doing?E. Can I give you a hand?F. What time shall I be there?G. Have you finished your homework?【参考答案】I. 按要求完成句子。1What；think of 2to be 3showed me 4me using5never；such 6too；to 7which/that makes 8who loved9Its impossible 10is hopeful II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1have got to 2think of 3such as 4so much 5no use wasting6. Though/Although; do something 7. took; to get 8keep you waiting9. is made from 10. millions of III. 补全对话。 1-5 DEAFB
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