小学英语语法总结及练习.ppt

小学英语语法总结及练习,1.口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，复数全用are。2.肯定句：IamSarah.Heisateacher.Sheisintheroom.Itisadog.Myhairislong.Wearefamily.Theyarefriends.Hereyesaresmall.,1.Be动词的用法,3.否定句：IamnotSarah.ImnotSarah.Heisnotateacher.Sheisnotintheroom.Itisntadog.Myhairisntlong.Wearenotfamily.Theyarenotfriends.Hereyesarentsmall.4.一般疑问句：AmISarah?Yes,youare.No,youarent.IssheSarah?Yes,sheis.No,sheisnt.Aretheyfriends?Yes,theyare.No,theyarent.,Be动词的用法,用am,is,are填空1.I_aboy._youaboy?No,I_not.2.Where_yourmother?She_athome.3._yourbrotherintheclassroom?4.MikeandLiuTao_atschool.5.Themanwithbigeyes_ateacher.6.Whosebook_this?7._thesebooksSarahs?,Be动词的用法,1人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前，宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。,2.人称代词和物主代词,人称代词和物主代词,人称代词和物主代词,一.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Isthis_watch?(you)No,itsnot_.(I)2.Thatisnot_book.Thatbookisverysmall,but_isverybig.(I)3.Thebookis_.Giveitto_.(you)4.Ihaveabeautifulcat._nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_.(it),人称代词和物主代词,5._ismybrother._nameisJack.Look!Thosebooksare_.(he)6._sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_.(she)7.Whereare_?Icantfind_.Letscall_parents.(they)8.Can_havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_classroom.(we)9._dontknowhername.Wouldyoutell_.(we),人称代词和物主代词,3.名词复数规则,1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches.3.黑人，英雄，土豆，西红柿变复数后面加es，其他以o结尾的单词变复数后加s,如：photo-photos,hero-heroes,negro-negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes.4以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：day-days,family-families.5以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，leafleaves.,5不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish,deer-deer,sheep-sheep,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese.,名词复数规则,练习：写出下列各词的复数book_bag_potato_tomato_photo_box_dress_bus_peach_sandwich_dish_tooth_,名词复数规则,diary_day_strawberry_family_leaf_knife_tooth_foot_sheep_people_man_woman_child_deer_Chinese_Japanese_,名词复数规则,4.动词三单的变化规则,当主语为第三人称单数（he,she,it等）时，谓语动词需变成三单结构。1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks.2以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes.3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：stay-stays,study-studies.4.have变成has,do变成does.,练习:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink_make_look_have_plant_come_go_watch_fly_stay_study_carry_brush_teach_pass_guess_,动词三单的变化规则,二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften_(have)dinnerathome.2.SuHaiandSuYang_(have)eightlessonsthisterm.3.Thegirl_(teach)usEnglishonSundays.4.She_(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.,动词三单的变化规则,用括号内动词的适当形式填空。5.LiuTao_(play)sportsto_(stay)healthy.Thechildoften6._(fly)kitesonSundays.7.Mike_(like)cooking.8.Whatday_(be)ittoday?ItsSaturday.,动词三单的变化规则,1、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe（is，are）表示在某地有某物（或人），主语是某地；have(has)表示某人拥有某物，主语是某人。2、在therebe句型中，be动词的形式根据离be动词最近的那个名词决定，如果是单数，be动词用is;如果是复数，be动词用are。Thereisabookandthreepens.Therearethreepensandabook.3.have,has：主语是第一、二人称，或者复数，用have.主语是第三人称单数，用has。Ihaveabook.Hehasabook.,5.Therebe句型与have,has的区别,5、否定句，一般疑问句的区别：Thereisntabookandthreepens.Therearentthreepensandabook.Ihaventabook.Hehasntabook.Isthereabookandthreepens?Aretherethreepensandabook?Doyouhaveabook?Doeshehaveabook?,6.Therebe句型与have,has的区别,6.肯定句中出现some或and，在否定句或疑问句中要分别变成any,or。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？,Therebe句型与have,has的区别,练习：Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I_agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.Whatdoyou_?3.They_anicegarden.4._somemapsonthewall.5._amapoftheworldonthewall.,Therebe句型与have,has的区别,练习：Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”6.WhatdoesMike_?7.Myparents_astory-book.8.Howmanystudents_intheclassroom?9.Howmuchwater_onthedesk?,Therebe句型与have,has的区别,一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.一般现在时的构成1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.3.当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：MarylikesChinese.,6.一般现在时,一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,Imnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?,一般现在时,2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idontlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如Hedoesntoftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?,一般现在时,一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften_(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_(be)inClassOne.3.We_(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5._they_(like)theWorldCup?6.What_theyoften_(do)onSaturdays?7._yourparents_(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI_(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There_(be)somewaterinthebottle.,一般现在时,二、按照要求改写句子。1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)_2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_3.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_,一般现在时,对划线部分提问。4.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._5.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._6.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._7.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._,一般现在时,三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?_2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?_3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass._4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._5.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays._,一般现在时,1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing。Imreadingnow.Heisdoinghishomeworknow.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。Heisntdoinghishomeworknow.4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。Ishedoinghishomeworknow?5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?Whatishedoingnow?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：特殊疑问词+be+动词ing?Whoisreadingnow?,7.现在进行时,1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping,动词加ing的变化规则,一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_read_have_sing_dance_put_,动词加ing的变化规则,写出下列动词的现在分词：love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_begin_see_buy_listen_visit_,动词加ing的变化规则,用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy_(draw)apicturenow.2.ListenSomegirls_(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_you_(do)now?5.Look!They_(have)anEnglishlesson.,现在进行时,6.They_(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!Thegirls_(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourdaughterdoing?She_(listen)tomusic.9.Its5oclocknow.We_(have)suppernow.10._Helen_(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.,现在进行时,一、一般将来时的概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon，thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：begoingto+do；will+do.三、否定句：在be动词（am,is,are）l后加not，变成amnt,isnt,arent.或情态动词will后加not变成wont。例如：Imgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.Imnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?,8.一般将来时,五、对划线部分提问：一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who例如：ImgoingtoNewYorksoon.WhosgoingtoNewYorksoon？2.问干什么。What例如：MyfatherisgoingtowatchTVwithmethisafternoon.Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon？3.问什么时候。When.例如：Shesgoingtogotobedatnine.Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.,一般将来时,练习：用begoingto和will分别填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.或I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_yourmother_goshoppingthis_?Yes,she_.She_buysomefruit.或_yourmothergoshoppingthis_?Yes,she_.She_buysomefruit.,一般将来时,改句子：5.Sarahisgoingtogoshoping.（改否定）Sarah_goingtogoshoping.6.Illgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_go_jointhem.7.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）_meetatthebusstopat10:30?8.Sheisgoingtobuysomefruitsafterschool.（对划线部分提问）_she_afterschool?,一般将来时,1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasnt）如：Iwasillyesterday.Iwasntillyesterday.are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=werent）如：TheywereatBeijinglastmonth.TheywerentatBeijinglastmonth.带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。如：Washeillyesterday?WeretheyatBeijinglastmonth?,9.一般过去时,3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didnt+动词原形，如：Jimdidntgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?,一般过去时,动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：look-looked,cook-cooked2结尾是e的，直接加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped,visit-visited.4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied,pay-payed.,一般过去时,5不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,have-had,go-went,say-said,get-got,see-saw,give-gave,come-came,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,make-made,sit-sat,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,put-put,read-read.,一般过去时,过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式isam_are_do_does_have_go_say_fly_put_plant_play_drink_make_dance_ask_worry_eat_taste_draw_pass_throw_kick_,一般过去时,Be动词的过去时练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空。1.I_anEnglishteachernow.2.She_happyyesterday.3.They_gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy_goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look,there_lotsofgrapeshere.7.There_asignonthechaironMonday.8.Today_thesecondofJune.Yesterday_thefirstofJune.It_ChildrensDay.Allthestudents_veryexcited.,一般过去时,一、用动词的适当形式填空。1.It_(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite_(go)tohisofficebycar.2.GaoShan_(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.3.Dont_thehouse.Mum_ityesterday.(clean)4.What_you_justnow?I_somehousework.(do)5.They_(make)akiteaweekago.6.Iwantto_apples.Butmydad_allofthemlastmonth.(pick)7._he_theflowersthismorning?Yes,he_.(water)8.She_(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_(do)Chinesedances.9.Thestudentsoften_(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.10.What_Mikedoonthefarm?He_cows.(milk),一般过去时,二、句型转换。1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_三、中译英。1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。_2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。_3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。_,一般过去时,Byebye!,