2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题01 1Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读.doc

2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题01 1Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2-3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。词汇基础知识狂背：I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇1.ignorev不顾，不理，忽视Tom is always saying Im ugly，MomJust ignore himYou are the most beautiful in my eyes汤姆总是说我很丑，妈妈。不管他，你在我眼中是最漂亮的。（多好的句子啊，背过吧！）2.concernvt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n关注；担心；(利害)关系He is always concerned about the people around him. 他总是很关心周围的人。He asked several questions concerning the future of the pany. 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。3. series n. 系列；连续There was a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.今天早晨在十字路口发生了一连串的交通事故。【易混易错】 (1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。(2)“a series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。4.calmvt.&vi.(to make or bee quiet)(使)平静；(使)镇定adj.平静的；镇定的，沉着的We must be calm before danger. 在危险面前我们必须保持镇定。I think you should calm down. 我觉得你应该冷静下来。5.exactlyadv.确切地，精确地；恰好地，正好地；(用于答语)一点儿不错，确实如此Tell me exactly where she lives. 告诉我她的确切住址。Thats exactly what I expected. 那正是我所期待的。6.settle vi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解决They settled their quarrel in a friendly way. 他们友好地解决了他们的争端。7.advicenU忠告；劝告；建议He gave me some advice. 他给了我一些建议。I advise you to start at once.我建议你立刻出发。8.basevt.以为起点，以为根据n基部；基础；基地，地基This story is based on facts.这故事是有事实根据的。The pany is based in Shanghai.该公司总部设在上海。9mandn&vt.命令；指令；掌握He manded his men to go out.他命令手下出去。He manded that we (should) e at once.他命令我们立刻来。10.requestn& vt.请求；要求She made a request for some water.她请求给她点水。at ones request/at the request of sb 应某人的请求request sb to do sth 请求某人做某事 request that(should) do 请求11.recognizevt.辨认出；承认；公认I dont recognize this word.What does it mean?我不认识这个单词。它是什么意思？recognize ones voice/handwriting/sb辨别出某人的声音/笔迹/某人12.straightadv.直接；挺直adj.直的；笔直的；正直的Draw a straight line.画一条直线。Stand up straight.站直了。（2）短语1. It upsets sb. that 让某人心烦的是It upset her that he had left without saying goodbye. 他的不辞而别让她心情沮丧。【易混易错】upset的过去式和过去分词是：upset2.be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念Our workmate has been in danger. Were all concerned about his health.我们的工友有危险，我们都关心他的健康。3.as/so far as. be concerned 就而言No news is good news as far as I am concerned. 我觉得没有消息就是好消息。4.recover from sth. 从中恢复到正常状态He is still recovering from his operation. 手术后，他仍在恢复之中。5.suffer from 受折磨，受之苦；患疾病Hes suffering from a bad cold.他正患重感冒。6.go through经受，经历；通过；检查The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.那位可怜的女孩自从父母过世后经历了许多苦难。Can you go through this exam?你能通过这次考试吗？7.be/get/grow crazy about对狂热/痴迷Young people in Britain are crazy about Harry Potter.英国的年轻人对哈利波特的喜爱近乎狂热。be crazy to do sth做某事是疯狂的You are crazy to buy a car at such a high price. It is crazy of you to buy a car at such a high price. 这么高的价格买辆车你疯了。8. on purposepurposely故意(地)Im sorry. Im not on purpose.抱歉，我不是故意的。Maybe he does this on purpose.也许他是故意这么做的。9.face to face面对面地We finally stood face to face. 我们终于面对面地站在了一起。During the storm I came face to face with death. 在暴风雨中我与死神只有一步之遥。10.get/be tired of对厌烦，厌倦 Im tired of this boring life. 我受够了这种枯燥的生活。 11.join in参加，加入join in (doing) sth 加入某人（做）某事I asked John to join me in my walking.我邀请约翰和我一起散步。12 because of因为，由于She was angry because of what he said.因为他说的话她生气了。 John didnt attend the meeting because of his illness.John didnt attend the meeting because he was ill.约翰没有出席会议是因为他病了。13e up走近；上来；提出；破土而出，发芽；出现Your question came up at the meeting. 你的问题在会议上被提出来了。Ill let you know if anything es up. 如果有任何事情发生，我会告诉你的。14.make use of利用；使用We should make use of the chance. 我们应该利用这次机会。make the best of充分利用make good/full use of 好好利用；充分利用15even ifWell make a trip even if/though its bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。Even if (Im) invited, I will not attend his wedding. 即使被邀请，我也不去参加他的婚礼。16such as例如；像这种的He can speak several languages, such as English and Japanese. 他能说几种语言，如英语和日语。17play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与；(在中)起作用Science plays an important part/role in developing production.科学在提高产量上起着重要的作用。18at present现在，目前She lives in France at present.目前她住在法国。（3）易混易错点拨1. calm/quiet/still/silent这几个词都与“静”有关，但它们所描述的物体、场合是不同的。(1)calm常指“天气平静，无风；海无浪；镇定，无忧虑；镇定自若”，强调外表的平静。(2)quiet表示“静止的；宁静的；不激动，没有烦恼、忧虑的”，强调没有干扰，没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。(3)still表示“静止不动的/地”“平静的/地”，突出不发出动作。(4)silent表示“声音极小的，沉默的，寡言的”。(1)Ask the children to make less noise and keep _.(2)Although she was frightened, she answered in a _ voice.(3)John is a _， thoughtful boy.(4)Please stand _ while I am ready to take the photograph.Quiet calm silent still2. power/right/strength/force/energy(1)power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可指职权、权力或政权。(2)right指“权利”。(3)strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”，说物时，指“强度”。(4)force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。(5)energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。(1)Youll need to apply all your _ to this job.(2)You have no _ to treat me like this.(3)Congress has _ to declare war.(4)The _ of the explosion broke all the windows.(5)A washing machine is a saver of time and _.Energy right power force strength3. join in/take part in/attend/join(1)join in指参加正在进行着的活动，如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。也可用 join sb. in doing sth.。(2)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。part 前若有修饰语，要加不定冠词。(3)attend正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、上课、上学、听报告等，重在强调“参与”的动作，不强调参加者的作用。(4)join指参加某组织或团体，并成为其一员。其宾语往往是 the army/Party/team/club/sb.。(1)Would you _ us _ the game?(2)All the students _ school activities.(3)There are many people _ the meeting.(4)My brother _ the army last year.Join in took an active part in attending joined4. recognize/realize/know(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。(3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解。(1)Only after you lose your health will you _ the importance of health.(2)Ive _ Tom for years.(3)I _ him as soon as he came into the room.Realize known recognized5. such as/for example/that is/and so on(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用 that is或 namely。(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。(3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用.and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, _， Chinese, maths, English and PE.(2)Overcooking, _， destroys many nutrients.(3)He can speak some other languages, _ French and German.(4)There are some books, pens, erasers _ in my bag.that is for example such as and so onII.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语：（它们在阅读中出现的几率极高，阅读40分志在必得，现在开始狂背哟。）Unit 1have got to 不得不；必须loose adj. 松的；松开的outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣n雷；雷声entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地power n. 能力；力量；权力curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布dusty adj. 积满灰尘的partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人loneliness n. 孤单；寂寞highway n. 公路；大路recover vi. & vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱teenager n. 十几岁的青少年disagree vi. 不同意grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的dislike n. & vt. 不喜欢；厌恶tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费vt. 倾斜；翻倒secondly adv. 第二；其次swap vt. 交换Unit 2elevator n. 电梯；升降机petrol n. 汽油（=gasoline）official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的voyage n. 航行；航海native adj. 本国的；本地的n. 本地人；本国人apartment n. 公寓住宅；单元住宅actually adv. 实际上；事实上gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表spelling n. 拼写；拼法latter adj. 较后的；后半的；（两者中）后者的identity n. 本身；本体；身份fluent adj. 流利的；流畅的fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的frequently adv. 常常；频繁地expression n. 词语；表示；表达midwestern adj. 中西部的有中西部特性的eastern adj. 东方的；东部的southeastern adj. 东南方的；来自东南的northwestern adj. 西北方的；来自西北的lorry n. 卡车（=truck）lightning n. 闪电block n. 街区；块；木块；石块cab n. 出租车III.重点句型背诵1.when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.我边等待，边看报纸。She went on working though (she was) exhausted.尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。I wont go unless (Im) invited.除非被邀请，否则我不会去。2.should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldnt have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。You should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。You shouldnt have told him about it.你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。拓展：其他“情态动词havedone”结构：(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定”。(2)cant/couldnt have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能”。(3)neednt have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做”。(4)ought (not) to have doneshould (not) have done(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了”。(6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做”。(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做”。3It is/was the first time(that).这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。This is the fourth time shes rung you in a week.这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。It will be the second time that I have got the prize.那将是我第二次获得该奖。提示：(1)It is the first time that.后接现在完成时；It was the first time that.后接过去完成时；It will be the first time that.后接现在完成时。(2)the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。(3)for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被骗了。4. “withn.形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作业，他就出去玩了。With the guide to lead us, well have no difficulty finding his house.有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他家。He came in, with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走了进来。He is used to sleeping with the windows open.他已经习惯了开着窗户睡觉。He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开着灯睡觉。能力提升测一测I.单词拼写1The snow is very _(疏松) and there is a lot of air in it.2His life is _(完全地) given up to work.3The _(幕布) rises and the play begins.4Thats _(正是) what I expected.5To send me to college, my parents _(受苦) a lot.6Our workmate has been in danger. Were all c_ about his health.7They e from Germany. They are G_.8On hot summer nights, people like to sit o_， chatting and enjoying the cool air.9Im g _ for your help.10Their age is from 13 to 19. They are called t_.11A lot of students p_ at the meeting took part in the discussion.12The tall tree was struck by l_ and broke.13The robber was caught when he was filling his car with p_ at the filling station.14Go up in an e_ to the fifth floor.15He looked calm, but a_ he was very nervous.16In the word “happy” the _(重音) is on the first syllable.17He has a poor _(词汇), so he cant express himself correctly.18The gentlemen disclosed their own _(身份)19Anyone who wants to learn English well must remember the _(惯用法) of English.20Though he is not a _(本国的) English speaker, he can speak English very fluently.【答案】Loose entirely curtain exactly suffered concerned Germans outdoors grateful teenagers present lightning petrol elevator actually accent vocabulary identities usage nativeII.句型填空（用动词的正确形式填空）1.When first _ （introduce）to the market, these products enjoyed great success.答案introduced解析：将从句补全应为When these products were first introduced to the market，主从句主语一致且从句中有be，可以省略主语和be。2.Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ （eat）so much fried chicken just now.答案shouldnt have eaten 3.This is the first time that I _ （be）to the Great Wall.答案have been解析：This is the first time that.之后的从句需要用现在完成时态。4.With five minutes _（go） before the last bus left, we arrived at the station.答案to go解析：本题考查with的复合结构，即“with宾语宾语补足语”。本题用不定式做宾补表示将来的动作。句意：在最后一班公交车离开的前五分钟，我们到了车站。III语法填空【南昌市十所省重点中学xx年二模突破冲刺7】阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sam was a greedy and selfish man. He never hesitated to cheat others to earn money. The selfish man _1_(actual) wanted to own everything in the world. One day, he lost a small bag _2_(contain) 50 gold coins. He searched _3_ the bag day and night. He also sent his workers in search but none could find it. After a couple of days, _4_ ten year old girl told her father that she found a small bag with 50 gold coins. The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check _5_ the bag had 50 gold coins. Sam, who was only happy to get the coins, decided to play a trick. He shouted , There were 75 gold coins in this bag and you gave me only 50! Where are the other coins? You _ 6_(steal) them! The poor man was _7_(shock) to hear this and they finally took the issue to court to get the right judgment. The judge heard both the sides. He examined the daughter and the poor man about the number of coins they had found in the bag and they assured _8_ was only 50! He asked Sam, Are you sure you had 75 coins? Sam nodded his head. Then the judge made his decision, Since Sam lost a bag of 75 gold coins, the bag found by the girl _9_ had only 50 coins doesnt belong to Sam. In addition, there were no claims against the _10_(lose) of 50 coins and I order the girl and his father to take those 50 coins as appreciation for their honesty!【答案】【小题1】actually 【小题2】containing【小题3】for【小题4】a【小题5】whether/if【小题6】have stolen【小题7】shocked【小题8】it【小题9】that/which【小题10】loss【小题1】actually 考查副词。修饰动词wanted，用副词actually。【小题2】containing考查非谓语动词。containing 做后置定语。【小题3】for考查介词。search for 为固定搭配。【小题4】a考查冠词。此处缺不定冠词修饰名词。【小题5】whether/if考查连接词。宾语从句，用连接词if/whether表示“是否”。【小题6】have stolen考查时态。根据前句There were 75 gold coins in this bag and you gave me only 50!，可知，偷这个动作发生在之前，应用现在完成时。【小题7】shocked考查过去分词。过去分词表示状态，故用shocked。【小题8】it考查代词。it用来指钱财。【小题9】that/which考查连接词。that/which用来引导定语从句。【小题10】loss考查名词。介词against后用lose的名词形式。IV.范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）Mrs Wilson， Im going out shopping, and （1）我大约下午5点才回来_.I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. At about 1 oclock this afternoon, Tracy called, （2）racy打电话说，她明天早上不能在Bolton Coffee见你，因为她有重要的事情要处理_She felt very sorry about that, but said that you could set some other time for the meeting. （3）你一回来，她就想让你给她会电话_She has already told Susan about this change.Li Hua答案：（1）wont be back until about 5：00 pm.（高级句型not. . .until. . .）（2）saying that she couldnt meet you at the Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she had something important to attend to.（现在分词短语作状语，as引导的原因状语从句）（3）She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home.（高级句型. . .as soon as . . .）