2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 情态动词 北师大版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 情态动词 北师大版一、can和could的用法1表示能力Her mother can speak French.2表示客观可能性Anybody can make mistakes.3表示许可(多用于口语)Can I go now?二、may和might的用法1表示允许、请求 May I watch TV now?Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)No，you mustnt.(No，youd better not.)2表示可能性(主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用can代替)The story may not be true.3表示祝愿(不用might)May you succeed!三、need和dare的用法1need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have to代替。2dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?3need和dare的特殊用法(1)need表“需要”时，可用want，require代替。The desk needs to be repaired./The desk needs repairing.(2)dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接to，在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。He dares to catch a snake.四、will和would的用法1will(1)表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。Will you please go with me?(2)表示意愿、决定、允许。I will never do that again.(3)表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。Fish will die out of water.2would(1)表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Would you like a cup of tea?(2)表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。We would play badminton on Sundays.五、shall和should的用法1shall(1)用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。(2)用于第二、三人称表示命令或威胁。You shall do as your father says.2should(1)表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。(2)表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”。You should wear slippers in class.(3)用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”，省去if，should可提至句首。Should you be late，apologize to the teacher.六、“情态动词have done”的用法1must have done sth.；can(could) have done sth.(1)must have done sth.表示对过去已经发生的事情的有把握的推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事”，只用在肯定句中。It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.(2)can(could) have done sth.表示对过去发生的动作的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。He cant have forgotten it.2neednt have done sth.；didnt need to do sth.(1)neednt have done sth.表示已完成不需要完成的动作。You neednt have waken me up.I dont have to go to work today.(2)didnt need to do sth.表示没有必要做而实际上也没有做某事。I didnt need to clean the windows.My brother did it.3may/might have done sth.may/might have done sth.表示对过去已发生的动作的推测，意为“也许/或许已经”。Im not sure.He might have said so at the conference.4should have done sth.should have done sth.表示本来应该做某事而实际上未做。You should have told him about it.5had better have done sth.；would rather have done sth.；would like/love to have done sth.(1)had better have done sth.表示事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时做了某事就好了”，其否定形式had better not have done sth.表达相反的含义。(2)would rather have done sth.表示“宁愿当时做某事”，其否定形式would rather not have done sth.表达相反的含义，两者都含有“后悔”之意。I would rather have taken his advice.(3)would like/love to have done sth.表示过去愿意做某事，但未做成。I would love to have gone to the party last night，but I had to work extra hours to finish my report.1I_have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.(xx山东，25)Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt2Mark_have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.(xx天津，9)Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt3Just be patient.You_expect the world to change so soon.(xx全国，29)Acant BneedntCmay not Dwill not4I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_have it by Friday.(xx江苏，25)Acould BshallCmust Dmay5May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you_.You read it here.(xx陕西，23)Amightnt BwontCneednt Dmustnt一、用适当的情态动词填空1Looking people in the eye _ sometimes make them nervous and embarrassed.2Oh my god！You _ wear slippers to attend the conference.Im sorry.I forgot there is a conference.3Hello，Peter.Would you please go shopping with me after school?Sorry.Our school is a boarding school.In school days nobody _ go out of school without the head teachers permission.4Has Tim started？He said he would join in the party.He _(leave)He is a man of his word.5Why can your teacher know so much about London?He _ have been there before.二、单项填空1In fact，you _ go outside at all.Theres a supermarket just downstairs.Acouldnt BmustntCneednt Dshouldnt2Im feeling cold today.You _ more warm clothes.Ashould wear Bshould have wornCcan have worn Dcan wear3Did Mary e to the party?I dont know.She _ while I was out.Amay have e Bmust have eCmight e Dcould e4Alice looks sad.Did you tell her about the accident?Yes，but I _ her just before her final examinations.Ashould have told Bshouldnt have toldCneednt have told Dmust have told5I know she was in because I heard her radio，but she didnt open the door.She _ the bell.Amay not be hearing Bmay not have heardCmust not have heard Dmust not be hearing6Look，Tom has fallen asleep.Oh，he _ too late yesterday evening.Amight stay up Bshould have stayed upCcould stay up Dmust have stayed up7As it turned out to be a small house party，we _ so formally.Aneednt dress upBdid not have dressed upCdid not need dress upDneednt have dressed up8Ill tell Mary about the new job tomorrow.You _ her last week.Aought to tell Bmay tellCwould have told Dought to have told 9.The traffic is heavy these days.I _ arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?Acan Bmust Cneed Dmight10You _ fail to pass the College Entrance Examinations if you dont study harder.Ashall BcouldCmust Dshould答案感悟高考1A句意为：我本不应该看那部电影它会给我带来噩梦。由破折号后的内容来判断，其前内容为“不该做某事而做了”。shouldnt have done sth.本来不该做某事却做了；neednt have done sth.本来不必做某事却做了；couldnt have done sth.为否定推测，表示“不可能做过某事”。2A句意为：马克本没有必要那么急，全速开车后他提前了半个小时到达。根据句意和前后的照应可知应选A项。A项表示“本没有必要”；B项意为“不会”；C项表示“不允许”；D项表示“不可能”。显然，B、C、D三项与后文论述不符。3A句意为：要耐心。你不能期望世界会这么快地改变。cant不可能，不能；neednt没有必要；may not可能不；will not将不会，不会。根据句意知选A项。4B句意为：我还没有弄到参考书，但是下个月我将参加这门学科的测试。不要担心，到星期五时你就有了。could能够；shall在句中表示“允诺”；must必须；may也许，可以。5D句意为：我可以把这本书带出阅览室吗？不可以，你一定不能带出去。你就在这里读。mustnt表示强烈地禁止。领悟语法一、1.can2.shouldnt3.shall4.must have left5must二、1.Cneednt表示没有必要；mustnt表禁止。句意为：事实上，你根本没有必要出去，楼下就有一个超市。2A由“Im feeling.”的时态可知，应该说的是现在的事情，所以要用“情态动词动词原形”，根据句意可知应该多穿点衣服。3A由did可知是对过去发生的事情进行猜测，要用“情态动词现在完成时”，由I dont know可知该推测不那么的肯定，所以选A，表示“当我出去时她可能来过”。4B由“Alice looks sad”可知我本不应该在期末考试前告诉她这个事故的。5B由第一句的时态可知事情发生在过去。对过去的事情进行猜测，要用“情态动词现在完成时”，故选择B；must表猜测时不用在否定句中。6D由yesterday evening可知事情发生在过去，对过去的事情进行猜测，要用“情态动词现在完成时”。must have done sth.意为“肯定做过某事”；should have done sth.意为“本应该做而未做某事”。7D由“As it turned out.”是对过去的事情进行推测可知，要用“情态动词现在完成时”；neednt have done意为“本没必要做却做了”。句意为：这么小的一个家庭聚会，我们本没必要正式化妆的。8D由last week可知是过去该做某事而未做，故用“should/ought tohave done sth.”。 9.D句意为：近来交通拥挤，我可能会晚一点到，你能给我占个位子吗？表示不确定的推测用might。can表示“可能”，把握性比might大；must表示“肯定”，是非常接近于事实的推断；need表示“必要，需要”，三者均与句意不符。10Ashall用于第二人称表示警告。