2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 考点精讲 第四节 动词和动词短语.doc

2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 考点精讲 第四节 动词和动词短语考点一动词及动词辨析动词的考查以辨析为主，有时考同义词或近义词之间的辨析，但更多的是同一题中的四个选项并无关联，因此对动词的掌握重在积累，要特别注意一词多义与熟词生义，下面就一些常见的熟词生义现象作如下总结。单词熟义生义admit 承认接受某人(入学等) do做足够或能满足(需要)escape逃跑；逃脱被忘掉；被忽视narrow 变窄缩小promise答应；许诺有可能会put放置表达或表述stand 站立忍受help帮助某人忍不住做某事lend借帮助某人/某事I want something to eat; anything will do.我想吃点东西， 随便什么都行。His name escaped me for the moment.我一时想不起他的名字。It promises to be warm this evening.今晚有望转暖。As Deng Xiaoping put it，“Development is the only way.” 正如邓小平所说：“发展才是硬道理。”考点二动词短语及辨析动词短语的辨析可分为三类：一是以动词为主体词的辨析；二是以副词或介词为主体词的辨析；三是无关联的动词短语的辨析。下面就常见的动词短语作如下总结：1addadd . to .把加在上；add to 增加；add up 加起来；add up to 总计Each new word and sentence you master will add to your confidence when speaking English. 每一个你所掌握的新单词和新句子都会增加你说英语的信心。2breakbreak away from 脱离；break down 坏掉，分解，垮下来；break out 爆发；break in 打断，闯入；break into闯入；break through 突破；break up 打碎；分解；分手A police officer came to our help when our car broke down on the way.我们的汽车在路上出了毛病，一位警官帮了我们的忙。3bring bring about 引起，导致；bring down 使降低，使下降；bring in 引进，赚进；bring out 取出，出版，生产，阐明；bring up 抚养，养育；呕吐Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大， 他对生物很感乐趣。4callcall at 拜访(某地)；call for 去接(某人)，需要；call in 请来，召集；call on 拜访(某人)，号召；call off 取消This sort of work calls for a lot of patience.做这类工作需要极大的耐心。5e e about 发生；e across偶遇，遭遇；e along跟随；e out 出现，出版，结果是；e to共计；e up 出现，被提出；e up with提出In the course of the experiments, they came across a series of new problems. 在试验过程中他们碰到一系列新问题。6cutcut down 砍倒，削减；cut in 插嘴；cut off 切断；cut up 切碎；cut out裁剪，戒掉The village was cut off from the outside world by heavy snow for a month. 村庄被大雪封住不能与外界联系长达一个月。7get get across 被理解，使通过；get away外出度假；get down to着手做；get in 收割；get into进入，养成；get off 下车/船/马/飞机等；get over 克服；get through 完成，通过，解决，接通电话；get up起床；起身This is the message that we want to get across to the public. 这条信息正是我想让公众理解的。8gogo against违背；go out外出，熄灭；go over预习，复习；go without没有也行；没有也可以勉强对付 Since there is no butter left, we had to go without. 既然奶油没了， 我们只得将就一下。9looklook into调查；look round/around 环顾；look through 浏览，透过看；look up 向上看，查找；look up to尊敬；敬仰My father certainly has great influence on me and I always look up to him. 我父亲对我有极深远的影响，我一直很崇敬他。10makemake for 冲向；make out辨认出；make the best of充分利用；make up组成，编造；make up with弥补We must work hard to make up for the lost time. 我们必须努力工作以弥补失去的时光。11putput away 收起，储存；put down写下，镇压；put forward 提出；put in放进，写进；put off推迟；put on穿上，上演；put out 扑灭，出版，生产；put up 张贴，举起，建造，留宿We should put away our differences and work together for our mon goal. 我们应该把分歧放在一边，为共同的目标而努力。12setset about 着手；set aside 拨出，置于一旁；set off 出发，引爆；set out 着手，出发；set up 建立；竖立The village members set off firecrackers to celebrate the successful pletion of the reservoir. 为庆祝水库的胜利建成，村民们放了鞭炮。13taketake apart拆卸；take in 欺骗，吸收；take off 起飞，腾飞，脱掉；take on 呈现，雇用；take over 接管；take up 开始从事；占据；拿起They no longer have to take on large numbers of temporary workers to do the harvesting. 他们再也不必雇用大量临时工来收割农作物。14turnturn down 拒绝，把音量关小；turn in 上交；turn on 打开；turn off 关掉；turn out 结果证明；turn over 翻开；turn to 求助于，转向；turn up 出现；把音量开大The party turned out to be very successful.结果证明晚会开得很成功。(对应学生用书第240页)1(xx新课标全国卷)Would you like to_with us to the film tonight?Ae alongBe offCe across De through【解析】首先了解四个选项的意思。e along表示“一起来”；e off表示“掉下，落下，摔倒”；e across表示“偶遇，偶然发现，被理解”；e through表示“传来，安然度过，获批准”。句意：今晚和我们一起去看电影好吗？根据关键词with us及题意可知选A项。【答案】A2(xx湖北高考)According to the law, all foreigners have to_with the local police within two weeks of arrival.Aassociate BdisputeCnegotiate Dregister【解析】这里说的是在警署登记注册，用register表示“登记，注册”，register with表示“在处登记”。associate“将联系起来”；dispute表示“异议，争论，争吵”；negotiate“协商；谈判”。句意：按照该法律，所有外国人在到来的两周内必须到当地警署登记。【答案】D3(xx江苏高考)The town is so beautiful! I just love it.Me too.The character of the town is well _Aqualified BpreservedCdecorated Dsimplified【解析】本题中四个选项都为常见动词，句中使用过去分词作表语，具有形容词的性质。be qualified合格的，有资格的；be well preserved保存完好的；be well decorated装饰得很漂亮的；be simplified被简化的。根据句意：这座小镇是如此美丽！我实在是喜欢它。我也是。小镇的特色保存得很完好。可知选B项。【答案】B4(xx浙江高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation，_ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.Arealizing BcopyingCoffering Dmisunderstanding【解析】realize意识到；copy效仿；offer提出，提供；misunderstand误解。句意：一个好的倾听者参与谈话时，要发表观点，提出问题，以保持谈话顺利进行。由句意可知正确答案为C项。offering ideas and raising questions.为现在分词短语，作伴随状语。【答案】C5(xx天津高考)I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasnt able to _Aget away Bdrop inCcheck out Dhold on【解析】本题四个选项都是常见动词词组。get away脱身，逃离，外出度假；drop in顺便拜访；check out检查，核实；hold on坚持。根据but可知后面的wasnt able to_与前面的had hoped to take a holiday构成转折关系，故get away符合题意。句意：我本希望今年去度假，但是没能去成。【答案】A6(xx辽宁高考)Briggs will _ as general manager when Mitchell retires.Aget away Btake overCset off Drun out【解析】get away意为“走开，逃脱惩罚”；take over意为“接管，接任”；set off意为“出发，动身”；run out意为“用完，耗尽”。根据retires(退休)可得知答案。句意：当Mitchell退休时，Briggs将会接任总经理的职务。【答案】B7(xx江苏高考)Team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.Aget over Blook overCtake over De over【解析】本题中四个选项均为常见的动词短语。get over克服，恢复，熬过；look over查看，仔细检查；take over接收，接管；e over过来，来访。根据句意：团队领导者必须确保所有成员克服他们发自内心的渴望想要避免犯错所带来的尴尬。可知，A项为正确答案。【答案】A8(xx江西高考)Mother always plains that children_their shoes very quickly.Afind out Bwash outCwear out Dset out【解析】find out意为“查明”；wash out意为“洗净”；wear out意为“用坏，穿破”；set out意为“动身，出发”。句意：妈妈总是抱怨孩子们很快就把鞋子穿烂了。根据语境判断，此处用C项最为合适。【答案】C模拟题组1(xx江苏盐城模拟)Getting your students_in classroom activities is vitally important.Atrapped BdevotedCstuck Dinvolved【解析】句意：使你的学生参与课堂活动极其重要。trap使陷入困境；devote献身；stick(在某物中)卡住；involve参与。【答案】D2(xx济南模拟)I will have to think about it again.If you_，you may lose the opportunity to pete altogether.Ahesitate BwonderCcontinue Dfail【解析】句意：“我必须再次好好考虑一下。”“如果你犹豫不决，你可能会失去这个比赛的好机会。”hesitate犹豫，迟疑；wonder想知道；continue继续；fail失败。【答案】A3(xx陕西宝鸡模拟)He will have to find some other work，for he cant_this loud noise any more.Ae up with Bput up withCmake up with Dkeep up with【解析】句意：他得找到另外一份工作，因为他再也忍受不了这种巨大的噪音了。A：想出；B：忍受；C：(与某人)言归于好；D：跟上。【答案】B4(xx杭州外国语高中模拟)It has been reported that some government leaders_their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.Aoverlook BemployCabandon Dabuse【解析】句意：据报道，一些政府官员滥用职权为自己谋取利益。overlook俯瞰；employ雇佣；abandon遗弃，抛弃；abuse滥用；辱骂。【答案】D5(xx山东济宁模拟)New puters are soon out of date since newer models are_constantly.Aturned up Bturned outCturned down Dturned over【解析】句意：由于更加新型的电脑不断地生产，新电脑很快就会过时。A：出现；C：拒绝；D：翻身，翻转。turn out为及物动词短语，意为“生产或制造某物”。newer models 与turn out为被动关系，故需用被动语态。本题易误选A项，但turn up作“appear(出现)”讲时为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。【答案】B6(xx福建毕业班质检)He made a good preparation for the job interview，for he couldnt_losing the good opportunity.Aadmit BdelayCavoid Drisk【解析】句意：他为工作面试做了充分的准备，因为他不能冒险失去这个好机会。A：承认；B：推迟；C：避免；D：冒险。【答案】D7(xx四川成都诊断)As the road to the airport is under reconstruction，wed better_ early to avoid the traffic jam.Apay off Bset offCput off Dtake off【解析】句意：由于通向机场的路在重建，所以我们最好早点动身以避免交通阻塞。A：付清，取得成功；B：出发，动身；C：推迟；D：起飞，脱掉。【答案】B8(xx河北衡水一中模拟)Children who are overprotected by their parents may bee_Ahurt BspoiledCdamaged Dharmed【解析】句意：被父母过分保护的孩子可能会被宠坏。hurt伤害；spoil娇惯，宠坏，溺爱；damage毁坏；harm伤害，损害。【答案】B9(xx天津十二区县联考)A good speaker is supposed to manage to_the listeners what he means.Amake sense to Bappeal toCattach to Dget across to【解析】句意：一个好的演讲者应该设法让听众明白他的意思。make sense的主语往往是something，意思是：有意义，有道理，讲得通。B项相当于attract吸引；C：把附在/系在上；get across to sb.：to be municated or understood被传达，被理解。【答案】D10(xx无锡模拟)All her hard work _in the end，and she finally passed the exam.Apaid back Bpaid offCbrought out Dbrought off【解析】句意：所有的努力最终得到了回报，她通过了考试。pay back归还；pay off还清，有回报；bring out拿出；bring off取消。【答案】B11(xx山东济宁模拟)Maria_the interviewers with her knowledge and experience，and as a result she was offered the job.Aprovided BinspiredCpersuaded Dimpressed【解析】句意：玛丽亚用知识和经验给面试官们留下了深刻的印象，因此她得到了这份工作。impress sb.with sth.用某物给某人留下深刻的印象，符合本题题意。provide提供；inspire鼓励，激励；persuade说服；都不合题意，故选D项。【答案】D12(xx安徽名校联考)What attracted you to our university?You have a great basketball team and I can_for it.Awork out Blook outCtry out Dcarry out【解析】句意：“是什么吸引你到我们的大学？”“你们这里有一支很好的篮球队，我可以参加这支队伍的选拔赛。”A：解出，算出；D：执行。以上两项均不能与介词for构成固定短语。look out for小心；try out for参加选拔(或试演)。又如：Shes trying out for the part of Cleopatra.她正在试演克娄巴特拉这个角色。【答案】C13(xx安徽安庆模拟)The two countries agreed to_their differences and work together for peace，which has a positive effect on the international situation.Aset down Bset outCset aside Dset about【解析】句意：两国同意搁置争议，共同为和平努力，这对国际形势有积极的影响。本题考查动词短语辨析。set aside把放在一边，留出，符合题意。set down记下，写下；set out出发，动身；set about着手做，开始做。【答案】C14(xx江苏南京模拟)She wanted to ask if he had news of Williams，but words_in her throat.Aburst BstuckCbroke Dsettled【解析】句意：她想问他是否有威廉姆斯的消息，但难于说出口。A：爆炸；B：卡住；C：破碎，破晓，转晴；D：定居，(鸟等)飞落。【答案】B15(xx石家庄模拟)Jack，this is the third time that you have been late this week.Sorry，sir，but I was_for 15 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam.Agive up Bput upCtaken up Dheld up【解析】句意：“杰克，这是你本周第三次迟到了。”“很抱歉，先生，但我在来这里的路上遇到了堵车达15分钟。”be held up受阻，符合题意。give up放弃；put up举起，张贴，留宿；take up拿起，从事，占据。【答案】D16(xx河北教学质检)A college is going to_a students ability based on grades and then make the decision to admit or refuse an applicant.Aexperiment BparallelCassess Dobserve【解析】句意：大学将根据分数对学生的能力进行评估，然后决定是否录取。A：试验；B：与相似；D：观察，遵守。assess评定，评估，估算。【答案】C17(xx东北三省四市教研协作体调研)If you cheat in the exam，you can hardly_it.Aput up with Bget away withCbreak away with De up with【解析】句意：如果你考试作弊，你很难免受惩罚。A：忍受；B：做坏事而未受惩罚；没有break away with结构；D：想出。【答案】B18(xx安徽名校联考)John cant concentrate on his studies recently.Yes，that might_why he did so badly in the last exam.Aanswer for Bapply forCaccount for Dcall for【解析】句意：“约翰最近不能集中精力学习。”“是的，那可能就是为什么他上次考试考得很差的原因。”answer for：be responsible for对负责；apply for申请；account for：be the explanation/cause of是的原因；call for：demand，need要求，需要。【答案】C19(xx山东济宁模拟)The fight would have been avoided if either of you had been able to_your anger.Aput down Bhold backCkeep up Dcut off【解析】句意：这场争斗本来可以避免的，如果你们任何一方能控制住怒火的话。本题考查动词短语辨析。hold back ones anger抑制住怒火，符合题意。put down放下，镇压；keep up保持，继续，使不低落。【答案】B20(xx安徽名校联考)According to the Nobel Prize organization，Mo Yans work displays a mixture of fantasy and reality，_historical and social aspects.Aconducting BbiningCconflicting Dconcluding【解析】句意：诺贝尔奖组委会认为莫言的作品把历史方面和社会方面融为一体，展示了想象与现实的结合。A：引导；C：冲突；D：得出结论。bine：联合，合并。又如：He bines creative imagination and true scholarship.他同时具有创造性想象力和真正的学问。【答案】B