2019-2020年高中英语 第一单元过关检测卷 新人教版必修5.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 第一单元过关检测卷 新人教版必修5一、用所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子1We gave him a _test paper to do, so its unbelievable that he has _it _ in just half an hour.(plete)2What Mr.Zhang _ was very _Whats more, his method of _ was most agreeable.(instruct)3The _ of something is the fact that it is _ to something else; in other words, we call it an _ thing.(add)4This _ virus _ children easily and the _ can be carried in many ways.(infect)5_ I drank the medicine, I got an _effect.(immediate)6I have told them with absolute _ there ll be no change of policy.(certain)答案: 1plete；pleted；pletely2instructed；instructive；instruction3addition；added；additional4infectious；infects；infection 5Immediately；immediate6certainty二、翻译下列短语1对严格要求_2导致 _3对热心 _4除外 _5对小心谨慎 _6使暴露，显露 _7该受责备， 应负责 _8得出结论 _9没有意义 _10减速 _答案: 1be strict in sth.with sb.2.lead to3be enthusiastic about4.apart from5be cautious about6.expose.to7be to blame for.8.draw a conclusion9make no sense10.slow down三、选用上述短语完成下列句子1_listening to music, he has no other hobbies in his spare time.2Not having enough sleep for a long time always _ sickness.3Each of us should _ourselves and never break the rules of the school.4They have _a few different _from a large number of facts.5Chen Long _ the publicspirited activities.He often attends the publicspirited performance.6Dont _ yourself _ the sun for too long, or you will get sunburnt.7It_to buy such an expensive coat when the cheaper ones are just as good.答案: 1Apart from2.leads to3.be strict with4drawn；conclusions5.is enthusiastic about6expose；to7.makes no sense四、语法填空People who are disabled want to enjoy the fort of owning a home.However，many home makers today ignore the needs of 1._disabled.So people who are disabled may need to make their houses accessible 2._them.When disabled people wonder 3._must be changed in their homes，they may take these suggestions.They and 4._family members can use these ideas to change the home into a house that is fortable for them.Disabled people often have a difficulty 5._(move)through doorways in todays houses.The doorways are simply not wide enough for a walker(步行器)6._a wheelchair.However，widening a doorway three inches on each side can make that space wide enough.It can allow the person to pass 7._ (fortable)who uses a walker，wheelchair，or other facilities.Many houses today also have counters(柜台) that are too high for disabled people to reach. A person who 8._(possess) the necessary skills may also find this project does not take much time 9._all to plete.Bathrooms can be dangerous places for people who have certain disabilities.They may need help getting in and out of the shower or tub.People can grab bars in the shower or tub in their bathroom，10._can keep them steady as they use the shower or tub.解析：此处需要一个定冠词和形容词一起表一类人，填the。答案：the2解析：此处需要一个介词和accessible搭配，表“可进入的”，填to。答案：to3解析：此处是一个宾语从句，需要引导词表需change的内容，填what。答案：what 4.解析：此处需要一个形容词性物主代词表“他们的”，填their。答案：their5解析：这里是have a difficulty doing的表达方式，需用动词的现在分词形式，填moving。答案：moving 6.解析：根据逻辑含义可以判断，此处需要一个连词表“或者”，填or。答案：or 7.解析：此处需要一个副词作状语，填fortably。答案：fortably 8.解析：此处需用谓语动词的一般现在时第三人称单数，填possesses。答案：possesses 9.解析：此处需填介词，at与all搭配，表示“一点儿也(不)”，填at。答案：at 10.解析：此处是一个非限定性定语从句，需要引导词表物，填which。答案：whichB卷综合检测(测试时间：120分钟评价分值：120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHe is regarded as having one of the brightest minds on the planet. But outstanding astrophysicist(天体物理学家) Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he was eight years old.In a public lecture at the Royal Albert Hall, Professor Hawking also admitted that he was not active in studying while at Oxford University, where he studied physics, and that only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neurone(神经元) disease made him concentrate on his work.Professor Hawking said：“My sister Philippa could read by the age of 4 but then she was definitely brighter than me.” He said that he was unexceptional at school and was never further than halfway up his class.“My classwork was very untidy, and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers，” he said.“But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein, so presumably they saw signs of something better.”But he said that it was when doctors told him that he probably only had a few years to live at the age of 21 that galvanized him into focusing on his work and a period of productivity that resulted in some of his early breakthroughs. He said，“When you are faced with the possibility of an early death, it makes you realize that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”1Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AStephen Hawking is the second Einstein in the world.BStephen Hawking couldnt read at the age of 7.CStephen Hawkings handwriting was once terribly bad.DStephen Hawkings sister once performed much better than him.2We can infer that Stephen Hawking was_when he was a child and studied in Oxford University.Aclever BlazyCbright Dmean3What made Stephen Hawking devote himself to his work?APatience. BKnowledge.CDisease. DLaziness.4What can we learn from the last paragraph?AStephen Hawking didnt realize his dreams in physics.BIt was possible for Hawking to face the early death.CThe purpose of the doctors diagnosis was to encourage him to work hard.DHis life might be taken away by long hard work.语篇解读：文章向我们介绍了传奇科学家霍金。1解析：细节理解题。由第三段的“But my classmates gave me the nickname Einstein，so presumably they saw signs of something better.”可知绰号“爱因斯坦”是同学给起的，但并不意味着他就是第二个爱因斯坦。答案：A2解析：推理判断题。由第一段“But outstanding astrophysicist Stephen Hawking has admitted that he did not learn to read until he was eight years old.”和第二段开头句可知，他小时候和在大学里是非常懒惰的。答案：B3解析：细节理解题。由第二段“.only the diagnosis that he might die young from motor neurone disease made him concentrate on his work.”可知，是“运动神经元疾病”促使他有所作为。答案：C4解析：段落大意题。由最后一段，特别是信息句“He said，When you are faced with the possibility of an early death，it makes you realize that life is worth living and there are lots of things you want to do.”可知，他有可能要面对英年早逝的不幸事实。答案：BBEdmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of ets which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular et was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a et had the shape of an ellipse.Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the ets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The ets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607 and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different ets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about, the more he thought that there had not been three different ets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same et three times. The et had gone away and had e back again.It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction of what would happen in the future. He decided that this et would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested.In 1758 the et appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that et had been called Halleys et, in his honour.5Halley made his discovery_Aby doing experimentsBby means of his own careful observationCby using the work of other scientistsDby chance6Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year_A1704 B1705C1706D17077This text in general is about_AHalley and other scientists Bthe orbit of a etCNewton and Halley DHalley and his discovery8Which of the following is TRUE?AEdmund Halley was an American scientist.BHalley made his discovery by doing experiment.CIsaac Newton was a famous mathematician.DThe orbit of a et had the shape of a round.语篇解读：本文讲述科学家哈雷发现哈雷彗星的运行轨迹和特点。5解析：细节理解题。从第一段第二句可以看出，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家的观察中得出来的，其他选项与本文内容不符。答案：C6解析：计算推理题。首先确定彗星下次出现的时间是l758年，然后确定这一时间距离他预测的时间是53年，1758531705。答案：B7解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，可知文章的每一段都在介绍哈雷及他的发现，另外也可以从文章的首尾句看出本文的大意。答案：D8解析：细节理解题。本文第一句说哈雷是一个英国科学家，所以A项是错误的。从第二句话可以看出，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家的观察中得出来的，所以B项是错误的。从第二段最后一句话可以得知哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，所以排除D项。答案：CCSomeday a stranger will read your email without your permission or scan the websites youve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, its likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a girlfriend, a marketing pany, a boss, a policeman or a criminal. Whoever it is，they will see you in a way you never intended to be seenthe 21st century equal to being caught naked(裸露的)Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, though its important to reveal(透露) yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. Actually few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (面包屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are，where you are and what you like. In some cases，a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not，increasingly we_live_in_a_world_where_you_simply_cannot_keep_a_secretThe key question is: Does that matter? For many Americans, the answer apparently is “no”When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found a majority of people are pessimistic about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me”But people say one thing and do another. Only a small part of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费亭)to avoid using the EZPass system that can track(跟踪) automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquits has run a series of tests that reveal people will submit personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50centsoff coupon(优惠券)But privacy does matter at least sometimes. Its like health：when you have it，you dont notice it. Only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it.9From Paragraph 2，we can infer_Acriminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technologyBpeople tend to be more frank with each other in the information ageCin the 21st century people try every means to look into others secretsDpeoples personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge10What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?AThere should be a distance even between friends.BThere should be fewer quarrels between friends.CFriends should always be faithful to each other.DFriends should open their hearts to each other.11Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret”？AThere are always people who are curious about others affairs.BMany search engines profit by revealing peoples identities.CPeople leave traces around when using modern technology.DModern society has finally developed into an open society.12What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?AThey change behaviors that might disclose their identity.BThey talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.CThey rely more and more on electronic equipment.DThey use various loyalty cards for business deals.语篇解读：在这个信息化、高科技化的时代，我们变得越来越“透明”几乎没什么隐私。多数人对此抱有忧虑，但实际上却很少有人在现实生活中去保护自己的隐私。专家指出，隐私犹如健康，不要等到失去了才后悔。 9解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen”可知。答案：D10解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy.”可知与朋友保持适当距离是有益的。答案：A11解析：词意猜测题。根据第三段“.bread crumbs you leave everywhere make it easy.”可知在这个高科技化的时代人们几乎没有秘密。答案：C12解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“But people say one thing and do another”可知。答案：BDTail SpinTwo dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park.The smaller dolphin，Grace，shows off a few of her tricks，turning around and waving hello to the crowd.The most amazing thing about her，however，is that shes even swimming at all.She doesnt have a tail.Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December xx，she was fighting for her life.“ Is she going to make it？” Her trainer, Abbey Stone，feared the worst.Grace did make itbut her tail didnt. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.Over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. Grace taught herself to move another waylike a fish! She pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.The movements put harmful pressure on Graces backbone. So a pany offered to create a manmade tail for her. The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldnt hurt her.The first time Grace wore the artificial tail, she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still learning to use the tail. Some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all. “The new tail isnt necessary for her to feel fortable，”says Stone, “but it helps to keep that range of motion (动作) and build muscles (肌肉)” Now, the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel from near and far to meet her. Seeing Grace swim with her manmade tail gives people so much courage.13When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her_Aphysical buildBpotential abilityCchance of survivalDadaptation to the surroundings14A manmade tail is created for Grace to_Alet her recover fasterBmake her fortableCadjust her way of swimmingDhelp her perform better tricks15The story of Grace inspires people to _Astick to their dreamsBtreat animals friendlyCtreasure what they haveDface difficulties bravely语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文 ，属励志类文章。通过讲述海洋公园的小海豚Grace尽管没有尾巴，却能克服困难，用另外一种方式游泳，并且还要拍电影海豚的故事以激励人们要勇敢地面对困难。13解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段“she was fighting for her life”可知，刚开始，它的训练员担心它能不能活下来。答案：C14解析：推理判断题。由文章第三段可知，海豚Grace形成了它自己的游泳方式。由第五段内容可知，给海豚戴上人造尾巴的目的不是为了舒服，而是为了保持动作，锻炼肌肉，也就是它带着人造尾巴的目的是调整游泳方式。答案：C15解析：推理判断题。由文章内容可知，尽管海豚Grace没有了尾巴，但是它克服困难，以另外一种方式游泳，最后还提到，它要拍电影给人们带来鼓励，由此我们知道，我们要勇敢地面对困难。答案：D第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Investing in yourselfFiguring out how to invest your money can be a difficult task. This is something that you will want to learn how to do._16_ Things that will improve your knowledge, skills or health are all great investments. However, before you start, you need to be clear about what you will gain out of doing all of these things.You may think investing in yourself means investing in your education. _17_ There are some other things you can do as well as buying a gym membership or learning a new skill.So what are some specific things you can do? _18_ Reading books can really expand your mind and allow you to learn different skills and gain knowledge. Im talking about the books where you will actually learn a new skill, not fiction books. You can also take courses and attend seminars. These programs are taught by people with a high level of knowledge or skill. _19_ Only in this way can you avoid being fooled by some sales presentation. Moreover, investing in yourself is a safe way to keep your money. Although a savings account is seen as the most secure investment, that isnt 100% safe. Even if you never experience your bank closing down, the return is little when inflation(通货膨胀) is taken into consideration. _20_ But over time, they will show up in terms of your happiness level as well as your level of success.AThis is just one way.BThe benefits will stay with you.CIf you arent a reader, you should start with that.DThe more you do this, the more valuable you will be.EOf course, you need to do some research before investing.FThe best way to invest your money is to invest it in yourself.GWhen you invest in yourself, you may not see gains right away.16解析：根据下句“Things that will improve your knowledge, skills or health are all great investments.”一些会提高你的知识、技能或健康的事情都是不错的投资。得知是要对自己投资。答案：F17解析：根据上下文可知，除了投资教育，这是一种方式而已，你还可以办健身会员或学习新技能，因此这说的是一方面和其他方面。A表示过渡。答案：A18解析：下一句中提到阅读可以开阔你的思维，学到新的技能和获得知识。因此前面说如果你不是读者，应该开始阅读。答案：C19解析：由下一句可知，为了避免被一些销售假象所蒙蔽，你应该在投资前做一些调查。答案：E20解析：但是随着时间的推移，你会发现成效。因此前面在说对自己的投资可能不会立竿见影。答案：G第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)，选出最佳选项。Education from My FatherMy memories of my father are slim because he was so sick in the last years of his life. But there are_21_that I am often reminded of and which may have had some bearing on my love of_22_When I was small I was somewhat_23_of lightning and thunder. My father explained it. The explanation was in_24_that a child could understand but was basically correct. I gained a better_25_later, but I didnt have to unlearn anything.What he said was that there was electricity in the clouds_26_it travelled to the ground like a spark. When it travelled_27_the air it made the air so hot that it_28_. Then there was nothing where the air had been and the air all around rushed in to_29_the space. He clapped his hands together very loud，_30_to be the air rushing in, and said that makes the thunder. When I hear thunder, I can still hear that_31_He explained why if it was cloudy in the winter the night was warmer than if it was_32_It was one of those nights when the sky was full of stars: no moon, no town lights. But there were more stars than you could_33_and they had color too. He said that if there were no clouds, we had no blankets and were_34_to the universe. Our warmth was going to_35_the whole universe. When there were clouds, they were like blankets and we were not exposed to the universe. I_36_feel on the edge of space on a very clear night.I am sure there were many other lessons that I_37_but no longer remember. What I did_38_， in general, was that there were explanations and that the more I understood them, the more fortable the world was to live in. I was not taught that there were_39_but that there was understanding if you looked for it. This may be why I have always been_40_in science.21A.others Bfew Csome Dall22A.science Bnature Cweather Duniverse23A.sure Bfond Ctired Dafraid24A.depth Bwords Cgestures Ddata25A.understanding Bknowledge Cmand D